Scribd
Upload
41 views5 pages

Muzammil Hamas G1F17BSCS0120 Bscs 6 C: Assignment # 2 Computer Connections and Networks

A checksum is a sequence of numbers and letters used to check data for errors by comparing the original and received files. Error detection techniques in computer networks add redundancy bits or check bits to transmitted data to detect errors, such as simple parity checks that add an even or odd bit to data blocks, two-dimensional parity checks that add row and column bits, and checksums that divide data into segments, add them using binary arithmetic, and send the sum. These detection methods compare calculated and received bits/sums to identify errors introduced during transmission.

Uploaded by

Muzammil Hamas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views5 pages

Muzammil Hamas G1F17BSCS0120 Bscs 6 C: Assignment # 2 Computer Connections and Networks

A checksum is a sequence of numbers and letters used to check data for errors by comparing the original and received files. Error detection techniques in computer networks add redundancy bits or check bits to transmitted data to detect errors, such as simple parity checks that add an even or odd bit to data blocks, two-dimensional parity checks that add row and column bits, and checksums that divide data into segments, add them using binary arithmetic, and send the sum. These detection methods compare calculated and received bits/sums to identify errors introduced during transmission.

Uploaded by

Muzammil Hamas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Muzammil Hamas

G1F17BSCS0120
BSCS 6 C

Assignment # 2
Computer Connections and Networks

(The handwritten assignment is in a separate pdf file inside the folder)

Prof. Asad Abbas Goraya


Submission date: 19/5/2020
What is a Checksum

A checksum is a sequence of numbers and letters used to check data for errors. If
you know the checksum of an original file, you can use a checksum utility to
confirm your copy is identical. The image below shows:

What a check sum in Windows Power Shell Looks like

Error Detection in Computer Networks


(Implemented either at Data link layer or Transport Layer of OSI Model)

Whenever a message is transmitted, it may get scrambled by noise or data may get
corrupted. To avoid this, we use error-detecting codes which are additional data
added to a given digital message to help us detect if any error has occurred during
transmission of the message.

 
Basic approach used for error detection is the use of redundancy bits, where
additional bits are added to facilitate detection of errors.
Some popular techniques for error detection are:
1. Simple Parity check
2. Two-dimensional Parity check
3. Checksum
1. Simple Parity Check

Blocks of data from the source are subjected to a check bit or parity bit generator
form, where a parity of :
 1 is added to the block if it contains odd number of 1’s, and
 0 is added if it contains even number of 1’s

This scheme makes the total number of 1’s even, that is why it is called even parity
checking.

2. Two Dimensional Parity Check


Parity check bits are calculated for each row, which is equivalent to a simple parity
check bit. Parity check bits are also calculated for all columns, then both are sent along
with the data. At the receiving end these are compared with the parity bits calculated on
the received data.
3. CheckSum
 In checksum error detection scheme, the data is divided into k segments each of
m bits.
 In the sender’s end the segments are added using 1’s complement arithmetic to
get the sum. The sum is complemented to get the checksum.
 The checksum segment is sent along with the data segments.
 At the receiver’s end, all received segments are added using 1’s complement
arithmetic to get the sum. The sum is complemented.
 If the result is zero, the received data is accepted; otherwise discarded.

You might also like