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EEE20002 Useful Information and Formulae

This document provides useful information and formulae for circuits and systems, including: 1) Trigonometric and exponential identities. 2) The step response of a first-order RC circuit and series RLC circuit. 3) Expressions for impedance of inductors and capacitors. 4) Definitions of power factor, complex power, and apparent power. 5) Impedance transformations and maximum power transfer. 6) Voltage and current relationships for balanced three-phase systems. 7) Laplace transform pairs.

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Tiến Dũng
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109 views3 pages

EEE20002 Useful Information and Formulae

This document provides useful information and formulae for circuits and systems, including: 1) Trigonometric and exponential identities. 2) The step response of a first-order RC circuit and series RLC circuit. 3) Expressions for impedance of inductors and capacitors. 4) Definitions of power factor, complex power, and apparent power. 5) Impedance transformations and maximum power transfer. 6) Voltage and current relationships for balanced three-phase systems. 7) Laplace transform pairs.

Uploaded by

Tiến Dũng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Swinburne University of Technology EEE20002

Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology Circuits and Systems

Appendix – Useful information and formulae

1. Trigonometric and exponential identities

sin( x  y )  sin( x ) cos( y )  cos( x )sin( y ), cos( x  y )  cos( x ) cos( y ) sin( x )sin( y )
e jx  e  jx e jx  e  jx
cos x  , sinx  , e  jt  cos t  j sin t
2 2j

2. The step response of a first-order RC circuit is given by:


t

vC (t )  vC ( )  [vC (0 )  vC ()]e 

where vC (t ) is the voltage across the capacitor ,


vC ( ) is the final or steady state value,
vC (0 ) is the initial voltage at t  0 , and
 ( RC ) is the time cons tan t.

3. The step response of a series RLC circuit is given by: v(t) = vt(t)+ vss(t), where vt(t) is the
transient response, vss(t) is the steady state response and is equal to v(∞) and v(t) is the voltage
across the capacitor.
vt (t )  A1e s1t  A2 e s2t for   o (over  damped )
 ( A1  A2 t )e  t for   o ( critically  damped )
 t
e ( B1 cos d t  B2 sin d t ) for   o (under  damped )
R 1
where   for series RLC circuits and   for parallel RLC circuits
2L 2 RC
1
o  , and d  o2   2
LC

4. The impedance is ZL = jXL=jL for an inductor L and is ZC = jXC= j/(C) for a capacitor C.

5.
For V  Vm  v , and I  I m i ,
(a) the power factor, pf  cos( v  i ), it is lagging if  v  i  0 and leading if  v  i  0,
(b) the complex power S (in VA)  Vrms I*rms  Vrms I rms ( v  i )  P  jQ,
the real power P (in W)  Vrms I rms cos( v  i ),
the reactive power Q (in VAR)  Vrms I rms sin( v  i ),
(c) the apparent power, S (in VA)  Vrms I rms  S  P2  Q2 .

6. The total complex power in a network is the sum of the complex powers of the individual
components. Likewise, the total real power and reactive power are respectively, the sums of the
individual real powers and the reactive powers.

Semester 1, 2018 Page 1 of 3


Swinburne University of Technology EEE20002
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology Circuits and Systems

7. To receive maximum real power from a complex power source with equivalent Thevenin voltage
VTH and Thevenin impedance ZTH= RTH + jXTH, the value of the complex load impedance should
| V |2
be ZL= Z*TH= RTHjXTH. The received maximum real power is Pmax  TH .
8RTH
8. Impedance seen from the primary coil
V 2M 2
Zin   R1  j L1  ZR , where M  k L1L2 and ZR  is the reflected impedance.
I1 R2  j L2  Z L

9. Balanced three phase Y   impedance transform


Z  3ZY .

10. Phase and line voltages/currents for balanced three-phase systems (positive or abc sequence is
assumed)

Connection Phase voltages/currents Line voltages/currents


Y-Y Van  V p 0 o Vab  3 V p 30o , Vbc  Vab   120o
Vbn  V p   120 o Vca  Vab   120o
Vcn  V p   120 o Ia  Van / ZY , Ib  Ia   120o
Same as line currents Ic  Ia   120o
Y-∆ Van  V p 0o , Vbn  Vp   120o Vab  VAB  3 V p 30o , Vbc  VBC  Vab   120o
Vcn  Vp   120o Vca  VCA  Vab   120o
I AB  VAB / Z  . IBC  VBC / Z  Ia  I AB 3  30o , Ib  Ia   120o
ICA  VCA / Z  Ic  Ia   120o
∆-∆ Vab  V p 0o , Vbc  Vp   120o same as phase voltages
Vca  Vp   120 o
Ia  I AB 3  30o
I AB  Vab / Z  , IBC  Vbc / Z 
Ib  Ia   120o
ICA  Vca / Z 
Ic  Ia   120o
∆-Y Vab  V p 0 o same as phase voltages
Vbc  Vp   120 o V p   30o
Ia  , Ib  Ia   120o , Ic  Ia   120o
Vca  Vp   120 o 3ZY
Same as line currents

Semester 1, 2019 Page 2 of 3


Swinburne University of Technology EEE20002
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology Circuits and Systems

11. Laplace transform pairs (defined for t ≥0; f(t) = 0 for t < 0)

Semester 1, 2019 Page 3 of 3

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