Here are the steps to create a dictionary from a list of keys and a list of values in Python:
1. Create two lists - one for keys and one for values
keys = ['a', 'b', 'c']
values = [1, 2, 3]
2. Use the zip() function to combine the keys and values lists into a list of (key, value) tuples:
items = list(zip(keys, values))
3. Pass the list of tuples to the dict() constructor to create a dictionary:
my_dict = dict(items)
Now my_dict will be:
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c
Here are the steps to create a dictionary from a list of keys and a list of values in Python:
1. Create two lists - one for keys and one for values
keys = ['a', 'b', 'c']
values = [1, 2, 3]
2. Use the zip() function to combine the keys and values lists into a list of (key, value) tuples:
items = list(zip(keys, values))
3. Pass the list of tuples to the dict() constructor to create a dictionary:
my_dict = dict(items)
Now my_dict will be:
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c
Here are the steps to create a dictionary from a list of keys and a list of values in Python:
1. Create two lists - one for keys and one for values
keys = ['a', 'b', 'c']
values = [1, 2, 3]
2. Use the zip() function to combine the keys and values lists into a list of (key, value) tuples:
items = list(zip(keys, values))
3. Pass the list of tuples to the dict() constructor to create a dictionary:
my_dict = dict(items)
Now my_dict will be:
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c
Here are the steps to create a dictionary from a list of keys and a list of values in Python:
1. Create two lists - one for keys and one for values
keys = ['a', 'b', 'c']
values = [1, 2, 3]
2. Use the zip() function to combine the keys and values lists into a list of (key, value) tuples:
items = list(zip(keys, values))
3. Pass the list of tuples to the dict() constructor to create a dictionary:
my_dict = dict(items)
Now my_dict will be:
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c
• Obtain the string length: ${#name} • Convert the string as a list of words: ${name} • Extract the substring of length (LEN) from a string starting after a specified position (POS): ${name:$POS:$LEN} The length is optional, if omitted, it will extract the substring from POS to the end of the string. ? Question Create a shell script that uses the output from the traceroute command, transform it to a list and, print out the IP count and the IP address. traceroute to google.com (216.58.211.174), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 192.168.43.1 (192.168.43.1) 2.366 ms 3.029 ms 3.128 ms 2 169.254.252.10 (169.254.252.10) 49.557 ms 49.822 ms 51.895 ms 3 172.16.220.1 (172.16.220.1) 51.596 ms 51.668 ms 51.371 ms 4 172.16.220.10 (172.16.220.10) 49.817 ms 40.445 ms 50.942 ms 5 dub08s01-in-f14.1e100.net (216.58.211.174) 50.580 ms 38.572 ms 37.716 ms
? Datatypes, operations and operators Basic datatypes
Type Representation Example Description
Boolean False a = False The false value type True a = True The true value Absence of None type None a = None value int() a = 1 Integer value Numeric type Floating point float() a = 1.5 value a = 'A' or Sequence of String type str() a = "a" char
In Python datatypes are automatically recognised!
Datatypes, operations and operators Operations with basic datatypes Operation Example Sum of x and y x + y Difference of x and y x - y Product of x and y x * y Quotient of x and y x / y Remainder of x / y x % y Integer part of the quotient of x and y x // y x to the power y x ** y or pow(x, y) Absolute value or magnitude of x abs(x) The pair (x // y, x % y) divmod(x, y) x rounded to n digits, rounding half to even round(x, n) Concatenation of strings x and y x + y Duplicate n times string x x * n Datatypes, operations and operators Basic datatypes Working with basic datatypes: • Example 1: Implicit conversion of operands to a common type in mixed-type expressions 3 + 7.5 ⟹ 10.5 • The sum of an int and a float results in a float. • Example 2: Explicit conversion of operands to a specific type 3 + int(7.5) ⟹ 10 Conversion function Result Conversion function Result int() int(10.5) 10 float() float(10) 10.0 int('10') 10 float('10') 10.0 int('10.5') ERROR float('10.5') 10.5 Datatypes, operations and operators Basic datatypes
• Example 3: String concatenation
'a' + 'b' ⟹ 'ab' • Example 4: String concatenation with explicit conversion 'a' + str(1) ⟹ 'a1' • The concatenation can only be applied to string (str) types. Datatypes, operations and operators Basic datatypes
• Quick questions: what are the results when the
following are evaluated? 'a' + 10
- (15/4) + 7
'b' * 5 Datatypes, operations and operators Basic operators Operator Example Assign y to x x = y x is equal to y x == y x is not equal to y x != y x is greater than y x > y x is less than y x < y x is greater than or equal to y x >= y x is less than or equal to y x <= y and Local operators or not Check if x and y point to the same object, True if yes x is y Datatypes, operations and operators Basic operators Working with basic operators: • Example 1: assign a value to a variable a = 3 • The variable ‘a’ will contain the value 3 of type int • Example 2: assign a value to a variable given by evaluating an expression a = 3 + int(7.5) • The variable ‘a’ will contain the value 10 of type int • Example 3: evaluating a Boolean expression (1) 3 == 4 ⟹ False Datatypes, operations and operators Basic operators
• Example 4: evaluating a Boolean expression (2)
not 3 ⟹ False • Example 5: evaluating if the operands refer to the same object (1) 3333 is 3333 ⟹ True • Example 6: evaluating if the operands refer to the same object (2) a = 3333 b = 3333 a is b ⟹ False • Exception for integer between -5 and 256! Datatypes, operations and operators Objects
Data is represented by objects consisting of:
• An identifier: assigned when the object is created and used to uniquely identify the object in the memory. • The identifier can be retrieved by using the id() function • A type: used to define the type of operations and values that the object can support. • The type can be retrieved by using the type() function • A value: the content of the object, this can be: • Mutable: the value can change, e.g. user-defined classes • Immutable: the value cannot change, e.g. int, float, bool, string Datatypes, operations and operators Advanced datatypes and their constructions List: mutable ordered sequence of items of mixed types
# Create an empty list
l = [] # Create a list containing a and b objects l = [a, b] # Create a list from an iterable object l = [x for x in iterable] # Create an empty list l = list() # Create a list from an iterable object l = list(iterable) Datatypes, operations and operators Advanced datatypes and their constructions The common operations for a list are: • Determine if a list is empty: my_list == [] • Determine the length of a list: len(my_list) • Access an element of a list: my_list[i] • Insert element into a list: my_list.insert(i, e) • Replace an element of a list: my_list[i] = e • Delete an element of a list: del my_list[i] • Sort elements of a list (ascending): my_list.sort() • Reverse elements of a list: my_list.reverse() • Append an element to the list: my_list.append(e) • Where “my_list” is the list, “i” is the index, and “e” is the element Datatypes, operations and operators Advanced datatypes and their constructions # Create a list with mixed-type objects >>> my_list = [1, '2', 4.4, True] >>> my_list ????????? # Determine if a list is empty >>> my_list == [] ????????? # Determine the length of a list >>> len(my_list) ????????? # Access an element of a list >>> my_list[1] ????????? Datatypes, operations and operators Advanced datatypes and their constructions # Insert an element into a list >>> my_list.insert(2, [1]) >>> my_list ????????? # Replace an element of a list >>> my_list[2] = 5 >>> my_list ????????? # Delete an element of a list >>> del my_list[1] >>> my_list ????????? Datatypes, operations and operators Advanced datatypes and their constructions # Sort elements of a list (ascending) >>> my_list.sort() >>> my_list ????????? # Reverse elements of a list >>> my_list.reverse() >>> my_list ????????? # Append an element to the list >>> my_list.append('9') >>> my_list ????????? Datatypes, operations and operators Advanced datatypes and their constructions Tuple: a simple immutable ordered sequence of items, which can be of mixed types, including collection types
# Create an empty tuple
t = () # Create a tuple containing the a object t = (a,) # Create a tuple containing a and b objects t = (a, b) # Create an empty tuple t = tuple() # Create a tuple from an iterable object t = tuple(iterable) Datatypes, operations and operators Advanced datatypes and their constructions The common operations for a tuple are: • Determine if a tuple is empty: my_tuple == () • Determine the length of a tuple: len(my_tuple) • Access an element of a tuple: my_tuple[i] • Where “my_tuple” is the tuple and “i” is the index # Create a tuple with mixed-type objects >>> my_tuple = (1, '2', 4.4, True) >>> my_tuple ????????? # Determine if a tuple is empty >>> my_tuple == () ????????? # Determine the length of a tuple >>> len(my_tuple) ????????? ?? Question ?? ? ? Given the following list, how you can access to the element highlighted: my_list = ['a', 2, [3, (5, 4)], '3'] my_list[2][1][1]
Given the following tuple, how you can delete the
element highlighted: my_tuple = ([1], [(2, [9, 3]), 2], '0') del my_tuple[1][0][1][0] Datatypes, operations and operators Advanced datatypes and their constructions Dictionary: holds mutable key-value pairs implemented as hash table # Create an empty dictionary d = {} # Create a dictionary with two key-value pairs d = {key1: value1, key2: value2} # Create an empty dictionary d = dict() # Create a dictionary with two key-value pairs d = dict(key1=value1, key2=value2) # Create a dictionary with two key-value pairs d = dict(zip([key1, key2], [value1, value2])) Datatypes, operations and operators Advanced datatypes and their constructions
The common operations for a dictionary are:
• Determine if a dictionary is empty: my_dict == [] • Determine the length of the dictionary: len(my_dict) • Access to the value of a key: my_dict[k] • Replace a value of a key: my_dict[k] = v • Delete a key-value pair: del my_dict[k] • Check if a key exists: k in my_dict • Check if a value exists: v in my_dict.values() • Where “my_dict” is the dictionary, “k” is the key, and “v” is the value • The key can be an int, float, string and immutable object Datatypes, operations and operators Advanced datatypes and their constructions # Create a dictionary with mixed-type objects >>> my_dict = {'int':1, 'str':'2', 1:True} >>> my_dict ????????? # Determine if a dictionary is not empty >>> my_dict != {} ????????? # Determine the length of a dictionary >>> len(my_dict) ????????? # Access to the value of a key >>> my_dict[1] ????????? Datatypes, operations and operators Advanced datatypes and their constructions # Replace a value of a key >>> my_dict['str'] = 'Hello' >>> my_dict ????????? # Delete a key-value pair >>> del my_dict[1] >>> my_dict ????????? # Check if a key exists >>> 1 in my_dict ????????? # Check if a value exists >>> 1 in my_dict.values() ????????? Datatypes, operations and operators Advanced datatypes and their constructions Range: type represents an immutable sequence of numbers and is commonly used for looping a specific number of times in for loops
""" Create an iterable range object from the start value to the stop value with an optional step value """ r = range(start, stop, [step]) Control Structure Sequential control: • Implicit form of control in which instructions are executed as they are written
Instruction 1 Instruction 2 Instruction 3 Instruction 4 Instruction 5 Instruction 6 Instruction 7 … Control Structure Selection control: • Selectively executes instructions by using a control statement Instruction 1 Instruction 2 Instruction 3 Control statement
True False
Instruction 4 Instruction 7 Instruction 5 Instruction 8 Instruction 6 Instruction 9 … … Control Structure if statement
Nested if statements
if condition: if condition: ... ... else: elif condition: ... ... else: ... Control Structure Iterative control: • Repeatedly executes instructions by using an iterative control statement Instruction 1 Instruction 2 Instruction 3 Control statement True False
Instruction 4 Instruction 7 Instruction 5 Instruction 8 Instruction 6 Instruction 9 … … Control Structure for loop for var in iterable: ... Classic examples in Python # for loop based on a range object for counting for i in range(start, stop, [step]): ... # for loop to retrieve each item i in a list for i in list: ... # for loop to retrieve each item in a list by # using index i (list[i]) for i in range(len(list)): ... Control Structure while loop and statements
while condition: ...
Other statements
Breaks out of the innermost enclosing for or
break while loop continue Continues with the next iteration of the loop This statement does nothing, used when a pass statement is required syntactically but the program requires no action. ?? Question ?? ? ? Given the following list, use control structures to print only the highlighted element my_list = ['a', 2, [3, (5, 4)], '3'] Next class?
Today at 1 p.m. in the
Electrical Engineering & Electronics Building, ELEC402 PC lab (Building 235).
