Elementos de Física 2019 – 2020

Formulário:
𝑛1 sen 𝜃1 = 𝑛2 sen 𝜃2

ℎ′ 𝑞
𝑚= =−
ℎ 𝑝

1 1 2 1
+ = =
𝑝 𝑞 𝑅 𝑓

𝑛1 𝑛2 𝑛2 −𝑛1
+ =
𝑝 𝑞 𝑅

1 1 1
= (𝑛 − 1) ( − )
𝑓 𝑅𝐴 𝑅𝐵

𝑔
𝜔=√
𝐿

𝐾
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐴 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑) 𝜔=√
𝑀

𝑏⁄ )𝑡 𝑏 2
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐴 𝑒 −( 2𝑚 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜙) 𝜔 = √𝜔02 − ( )
2𝑚
𝐹0 ⁄
𝑚
𝐹 = 𝐹0 cos(𝜔𝑓 𝑡) 𝑌(𝑡) = 𝐴 cos(𝜔𝑓 𝑡 + 𝜑) 𝐴=
2 𝑏 𝜔𝑓 2
√(𝜔2 −𝜔2 ) +( )
𝑓 0 𝑚
𝜔1 −𝜔2 𝜔1 +𝜔2
𝑦(𝑡) = 2 𝐴 cos ( 𝑡) sen ( 𝑡)
2 2

𝜑 𝜑
𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = 2 𝐴 cos sen (𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡 + )
2 2
𝑌(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐴 sen(𝑘𝑥 ± 𝜔𝑡 + 𝛿)
1 𝐹
𝑃 = 𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝜔2 𝐴2 𝑉𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑎çã𝑜 𝑉𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑎çã𝑜 = √
2 𝜌𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = 2 𝐴 sen(𝑘𝑥 ) cos(𝜔𝑡) 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = 2 𝐴 cos(𝑘𝑥 ) cos(𝜔𝑡)
𝜆
𝑎 sen 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜆 𝑎 sen 𝜃 = (2𝑛 + 1)
2
𝑉
1± 𝑉0
𝑓′ = 𝑓 𝑠
𝑉𝑓
1∓
𝑉𝑠

𝐸 = 𝑚 𝑐2
ℎ
𝜆𝑚 = 𝑝𝑚
𝐸 =ℎ𝑓−𝑊
ℎ
𝜆′ − 𝜆0 = (1 − cos 𝜃)
𝑚𝑐
𝑚𝑘 2 𝑍 2 𝑒 4 1 13.6 𝑍 2
𝐸𝑛 = − = − eV
2ℏ2 𝑛2 𝑛2

ln 2
𝑁 = 𝑁0 𝑒 −𝜆𝑡 𝑇1/2 =
𝜆
𝑑𝑁
𝑎= | | = 𝑁0 𝜆 𝑒 −𝜆𝑡 𝑎 = 𝑎0 𝑒 −𝜆𝑡
𝑑𝑡
Grandezas físicas e conversões:
𝑁𝐴 = 6,022140857 × 1023 moléculas/mol
𝑐 = 299792,458 km/s = 2,99792458 × 108 m/s
ℎ = 6,626070040 × 10−34 J ∙ s = 4,135667662 × 10−15 eV ∙ s
ℎ𝑐 = 1,98644582 × 10−25 J ∙ m = 1,23984197 × 10−6 eV ∙ m = 1239,84197 eV ∙ nm
ℏ = ℎ⁄2𝜋 = 1,054571800 × 10−34 J ∙ s = 6,582119514 × 10−16 eV ∙ s
𝜀0 = 8,854187817 × 10−12 F/m 𝑘 = 1⁄4𝜋𝜀0 = 8,98755188 × 109 N ∙ m2 ⁄C 2
ℎ
𝑚𝑒 = 9,10938356 × 10−31 kg = 2.4263102367 × 10−12 m
𝑚𝑒 𝑐

𝑚𝑝 = 1,67262 × 10−27 kg = 1836.151 𝑚𝑒 1 amu = 1,660539040 × 10−27 kg

Transformações Trigonométricas

𝜋
sen (−𝑥) = − sen (𝑥) sen (𝑥 ± 2 ) = ± cos (𝑥)
𝜋
cos(– 𝑥) = + cos(𝑥) cos (𝑥 ± 2 ) = ∓ sen (𝑥)
sen (𝑥 ± 𝑦) = sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦 ± cos 𝑥 sin 𝑦 cos (𝑥 ± 𝑦) = cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 ∓ sen 𝑥 sen 𝑦
1
sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦 = 2 [sen (𝑥 + 𝑦) + sen (𝑥 − 𝑦)]
1
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑦 = 2 [sen (𝑥 + 𝑦) − sen (𝑥 − 𝑦)]
1
sin 𝑥 sin 𝑦 = 2 [cos (𝑥 − 𝑦) − cos (𝑥 + 𝑦)]
1
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑦 = 2 [cos (𝑥 − 𝑦) + cos (𝑥 + 𝑦)]
1 1 1 1
sen2 𝑥 = 2 − 2 cos 2𝑥 cos2 𝑥 = 2 + 2 cos 2𝑥
𝑥∓𝑦 𝑥±𝑦
sen 𝑥 ± sen 𝑦 = 2 cos ( ) sen ( )
2 2
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
cos 𝑥 + cos 𝑦 = 2 cos ( ) cos ( ) cos 𝑥 − cos 𝑦 = 2 sen ( ) sen ( )
2 2 2 2