nerve

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. The autonomic nervous system is a subdivision of the _____ nervous system.
a. central
b. sympathetic
c. peripheral
d. parasympathetic

____ 2. Axons
a. are usually highly branched
b. carry nerve impulses toward the cell body
c. carry nerve impulses away from the cell body
d. both a and b

____ 3. Dendrites
a. are usually highly branched
b. carry impulses away from the cell body
c. are usually surrounded by myelin
d. all of the above

____ 4. Sensory neurons are also called

a. interneurons
b. efferent neurons
c. afferent neurons
d. glia cells

____ 5. Motor neurons are also called

a. interneurons
b. efferent neurons
c. afferent neurons
d. glia cells

____ 6. Which type of glia cell turns into a microbe-eating cell in inflamed brain tissue?
a. microglia
b. oligodendrocyte
c. astroglia
d. neurolemma

____ 7. Which of the following statements is not true of multiple sclerosis?

a. It is considered a myelin disorder.
b. Oligodendrocyte injury or death occurs.
c. The disease is most common in women between the ages of 20 and 40.
d. It is usually the result of a neuroma.

____ 8. Which of the following statements is not true of nervous system tumors?
 a. Most tumors develop from neurons.
b. Neuroma is a general name for a nervous system tumor.
c. Multiple neurofibromatosis is an example of a nervous system tumor.
d. Most tumors in the nervous system result from the metastasis of other types of
tumors.
____ 9. The outermost covering of a nerve is called the
a. epineurium
b. endoneurium
c. perineurium
d. fascicles

____ 10. The most simple nervous system pathway

a. is a single neuron pathway
b. is a two-neuron pathway
c. is a three-neuron pathway
d. contains at least one interneuron

____ 11. Saltatory conduction

a. is called “saltatory” because it is caused by sodium chloride
b. is much slower than nonsaltatory conduction
c. occurs only in the dendrites
d. occurs only in the axons

____ 12. Which of the following structures is not part of a synapse?

a. synaptic knob
b. synaptic cleft
c. neurotransmitter
d. plasma membrane of the postsynaptic cell

____ 13. Which of the following neurotransmitters is not considered a catecholamine?

a. norepinephrine
b. acetylcholine
c. dopamine
d. serotonin

____ 14. Which of the following is not a function of the hypothalamus?

a. produces antidiuretic hormone
b. helps regulate body temperature
c. plays a part in the so-called arousal or alerting mechanism
d. helps regulate water balance

____ 15. Which of the following is not a function of the thalamus?

a. controls appetite
b. relays impulses to the cerebral cortex from sense organs
c. associates sensations with emotions
d. plays a part in the so-called arousal or alerting mechanism

____ 16. Which of the following statements is not true of the spinal cord?
 a. It is the primary reflex center.
b. It contains both gray and white matter.
c. It extends from the occipital bone to the third sacral vertebra.
d. It transmits impulses to and from the brain.
____ 17. The outermost layer of the meninges is the
a. pia mater
b. choroid plexus
c. arachnoid mater
d. dura mater

____ 18. Cerebrospinal fluid is found between the

a. skull and the dura mater
b. dura mater and the arachnoid mater
c. arachnoid mater and the pia mater
d. pia mater and the brain

____ 19. Another name for tic douloureux is

a. sciatica
b. shingles
c. Bell palsy
d. trigeminal neuralgia

____ 20. If a person never had chickenpox, it is less likely that he or she will ever have
a. sciatica
b. shingles
c. Bell palsy
d. trigeminal neuralgia

____ 21. The somatic nervous system carries impulses from the brain and spinal cord to
a. cardiac muscle tissue
b. skeletal muscles
c. smooth muscles
d. all of the above

____ 22. Which of the following neurons is classified as an adrenergic fiber?

a. parasympathetic preganglionic neuron
b. sympathetic preganglionic neuron
c. sympathetic postganglionic neuron
d. both a and b

____ 23. The outer membrane of a Schwann cell is called the

a. neurolemma
b. myelin
c. node of Ranvier
d. glia

____ 24. The indentations between Schwann cells are called

a. neurolemmas
 b. myelin
c. the nodes of Ranvier
d. glias

____ 25. A nerve is

a. also called a tract
b. a group of peripheral axons
c. considered gray matter
d. both a and c

____ 26. The perineurium is

a. a tough, fibrous sheath covering the whole nerve
b. another name for a fascicle
c. a thin wrapping of fibrous tissue around each axon
d. a thin fibrous tissue surrounding a group of axons

____ 27. A reflex arc may not have which of the following?
a. a sensory neuron
b. an interneuron
c. a motor neuron
d. All reflex arcs must have all of the above.

____ 28. Which of the following is an example of a morphinelike neurotransmitter?

a. enkephalin
b. acetylcholine
c. dopamine
d. serotonin

____ 29. Which of the following is not considered part of the brainstem?
a. medulla oblongata
b. cerebellum
c. pons
d. midbrain

____ 30. Which of the following is not part of the peripheral nervous system?
a. cranial nerves
b. spinal nerves
c. the autonomic nervous system
d. All of the above are part of the peripheral nervous system.

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

____ 31. Because gliomas are usually benign tumors, they are never life threatening.

____ 32. The difference between a two- and a three-neuron reflex is that a three-neuron reflex contains an
interneuron.
____ 33. The knee-jerk reflex goes from receptor neuron to interneuron to effector neuron.

____ 34. The effector organ of the knee-jerk reflex is the muscle that extends the knee.

____ 35. Serotonin and dopamine are morphinelike neurotransmitters that lessen the sensation of pain.

____ 36. The vital centers of the brainstem are located in the midbrain.

____ 37. Because of its function, the hypothalamus could also be considered part of the endocrine system.

____ 38. The basal ganglia in the brain is an island of white matter found in the gray matter in the brain.

____ 39. The cause of both a stroke and cerebral palsy could be a lack of oxygen getting to the neurons of the
brain.

____ 40. Alzheimer disease is a type of dementia.

____ 41. Epilepsy is considered a seizure disorder.

____ 42. Although the cause of some epilepsy is unknown, it is usually an inherited disorder.

____ 43. The spinal cord consists of both white and gray matter.

____ 44. The pia mater, the arachnoid mater, and the dura mater are part of the meninges.

____ 45. The stress disorders that are linked to the autonomic nervous system are usually caused by the
activity of the sympathetic nervous system.

Matching

Match each of the following terms with its corresponding definition or description.
a. microglia
b. axon
c. dendrites
d. oligodendrocyte
e. afferent neuron
f. astrocytes
g. efferent neuron
h. interneurons
i. nodes of Ranvier
j. Schwann cells

____ 46. cells that can become “microbe eating” cells in the brain
____ 47. neurons that can also be called “connecting” neurons
____ 48. another term for motor neuron
____ 49. indentations between adjacent Schwann cells
____ 50. cells that produce myelin for the neurons in the central nervous system

Short Answer

51. Describe the structure, location, and functions of the thalamus.

52. Describe cerebral palsy and list its possible causes.