Migrating to Java 9

Modules

| Paul Bakker
 Why care about modules?
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grgit-1.9.3.jar:lib/xz-1.5.jar
Module primer.
module easytext.analysis {
module easytext.cli { exports analysis.api;
requires easytext.analysis; opens impl;
} }

easytext.cli easytext.analysis
analysis.api
impl
reflection only!
other
Module primer.
module easytext.analysis {
module easytext.cli { exports
Modules defineanalysis.api;
dependencies
requires easytext.analysis; opensexplicitly
impl;
} }

easytext.cli easytext.analysis
analysis.api
impl
reflection only!
other
Module primer.
module easytext.analysis {
module easytext.cli { exports analysis.api;
requires easytext.analysis; opens impl;
Packages are encapsulated by
} }
default

easytext.cli easytext.analysis
analysis.api
impl
reflection only!
other
Module primer.
module easytext.analysis {
module easytext.cli { exports analysis.api;
requires Packages
easytext.analysis;
can be “opened” for opens impl;
} deep reflection at run-time }

easytext.cli easytext.analysis
analysis.api
impl
reflection only!
other
Migrating to Java 9.
Java 8

java -cp … -jar

MyApp.jar
Java 9

java -cp … -jar

MyApp.jar
Our journey to modules.
Running on Java 9
Using existing libraries
Allowing reflection
Spring / Hibernate case study
Refactoring to increase modularity
Migrating builds
!"" lib
!"" run.sh
#"" src
!"" books
$   !"" api
$   $   !"" entities
$   $   $   #"" Book.java
$   $   #"" service
$   $   #"" BooksService.java
$   #"" impl
$   !"" entities
$   $   #"" BookEntity.java
$   #"" service
$   #"" HibernateBooksService.java
!"" bookstore
$   !"" api
$   $   #"" service
$   $   #"" BookstoreService.java
javac -cp [list of JARs in lib]
$   #"" impl -d out -sourcepath src $(find src -name '*.java')
$   #"" service
$   #"" BookstoreServiceImpl.java cp $(find src -name '*.xml') out
!"" log4j2.xml
!"" main java -cp [list of JARs in lib]:out main.Main
$   #"" Main.java
#"" main.xml
Missing platform libraries.
import javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter;

public class Main {

public static void main(String... args) {

DatatypeConverter.parseBase64Binary("SGVsbG8gd29ybGQh");
}
}

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.xml.bind.JAXBException
The platform module graph.
java.se vs java.se.ee
 Resolving JAXB.

java --add-modules java.xml.bind …

 Illegal deep reflection.

WARNING: An illegal reflective access operation has occurred

WARNING: Illegal reflective access by
javassist.util.proxy.SecurityActions …
WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of
javassist.util.proxy.SecurityActions

WARNING: Use --illegal-access=warn to enable warnings of further

illegal reflective access operations

WARNING: All illegal access operations will be denied in a future

release
 Type Compile time Reflection on public Deep reflection

Exports
✓ ✓ ✘
Open
✘ ✓ ✓
Exports + Open
✓ ✓ ✓
 Fixing illegal deep reflection.

Use a library that doesn’t do this!

do you really need deep reflection on JDK types!?

Use command line flags to open packages

java --add-opens java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED Main

Automatic
Modules
But we’re still on the classpath!
Let’s migrate our code to
modules

But how do we deal with

libraries?
package demo;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

public class Main {

public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {

Book modularityBook =
new Book("Java 9 Modularity", "Modularize all the things!");

ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();

String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(modularityBook);
System.out.println(json);

}
}

module books {

}
Automatic modules - A non-
modular JAR on the module
path
Exports all packages
Requires all resolved modules
Can read the class path (the unnamed module)
 module books {
requires jackson.databind;
}

CP=lib/jackson-annotations-2.8.8.jar:
CP+=lib/jackson-core-2.8.8.jar

javac -cp $CP --module-path mods -d out --module-source-path src -m books

Case study
Sample app after migration.
!"" lib
!""
!""
mods
run.sh
Step 1 - Project structure.
#"" src
#"" bookapp “mods” dir for automatic modules
!"" books
$   !"" api
Single module dir (for now)
$   $   !"" entities Add module-info.java
$   $   $   #"" Book.java
$   $   #"" service
$   $   #"" BooksService.java
$   #"" impl
$   !"" entities
javac -cp $CLASSPATH \
$  
$  
$   #"" BookEntity.java
#"" service
--module-path mods \
$   #"" HibernateBooksService.java -d out \
!"" bookstore
$   !"" api --module-source-path src \
$   $   #"" service
$   $   #"" BookstoreService.java -m bookapp
$   #"" impl
$   #"" service
$   #"" BookstoreServiceImpl.java
!"" log4j2.xml
!"" main
$   #"" Main.java
!"" main.xml
#"" module-info.java
 Step 2 - Add requires.

Compilation error
BookstoreServiceImpl.java:7: error: package
org.springframework.stereotype is not visible
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

Our module needs explicit

dependencies!
 Step 3 - Add missing compile time platform
modules.

Compilation error
HibernateBooksService.java:19: error: cannot access Referenceable
return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().get(BookEntity.class, id);
^
class file for javax.naming.Referenceable not found

Hibernate should declare

requires transitive java.naming
Running.

java -cp $CLASSPATH

--module-path mods:out
-m bookapp/main.Main
Step 4 - Add missing platform modules.

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: java.sql.SQLException

java -cp $CLASSPATH

--add-modules java.sql,java.xml.bind
--module-path mods:out
-m bookapp/main.Main
 Step 5 - Open packages for reflection.

java.lang.IllegalAccessException: class
org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils cannot access class
books.impl.service.HibernateBooksService (in module bookapp)
because module bookapp does not export books.impl.service to
unnamed module @5c45d770

opens books.impl.entities;
opens books.impl.service;
opens bookstore.impl.service;
 Step 6 - Illegal deep reflection.
java.lang.reflect.InaccessibleObjectException: Unable to make
protected final java.lang.Class
java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(java.lang.String,byte[],int,int
,java.security.ProtectionDomain) throws
java.lang.ClassFormatError accessible: module java.base does not
"opens java.lang" to module javassist

java -cp $CLASSPATH

--add-modules java.sql,java.xml.bind
--add-opens java.base/java.lang=javassist
--module-path mods:out
-m bookapp/main.Main
Refactor to
multiple modules
Multi module structure
requires
books.api books.impl

main requires

bookstore
requires Spring
requires
books.api books.impl

main requires

bookstore.api bookstore.impl
requires
provides

uses provides
Module System
Build tools. <artifactId>bookstore</artifactId>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
module bookstore {
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
requires books;
<configuration>
<source>9</source>
exports bookstore.service.api;
<target>9</target>
</configuration>
uses books.api.service.BooksService;
</plugin>
</plugins>
provides bookstore.service.api.BookstoreService with
</build>
bookstore.service.impl.BookstoreServiceImpl;
<dependencies>
}
<dependency>
<groupId>javamodularity</groupId>
<artifactId>books</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
Thank you.
Paul Bakker
@pbakker