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Introduction To Response Surface Methodology

Response surface methodology (RSM) is a collection of techniques used to build empirical models to optimize a response variable influenced by several input variables. Through designed experiments that make changes to the input variables, RSM aims to identify reasons for changes in the output. Originally developed for physical experiments, RSM has been applied to numerical experiments as well, where errors may arise from sources like measurement error or numerical noise. RSM uses smooth functions to approximate relationships between inputs and outputs, improving optimization convergence by reducing noise effects and enabling derivative-based algorithms.

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141 views2 pages

Introduction To Response Surface Methodology

Response surface methodology (RSM) is a collection of techniques used to build empirical models to optimize a response variable influenced by several input variables. Through designed experiments that make changes to the input variables, RSM aims to identify reasons for changes in the output. Originally developed for physical experiments, RSM has been applied to numerical experiments as well, where errors may arise from sources like measurement error or numerical noise. RSM uses smooth functions to approximate relationships between inputs and outputs, improving optimization convergence by reducing noise effects and enabling derivative-based algorithms.

Uploaded by

Maguie Morán Caballero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Response surface methodology (RSM)

Response surface methodology (RSM) is a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques for
empirical model building. By careful design of experiments, the objective is to optimize a response
(output variable) which is influenced by several independent variables (input variables). An
experiment is a series of tests, called runs, in which changes are made in the input variables in order
to identify the reasons for changes in the output response. Originally, RSM was developed to model
experimental responses [8], and then migrated into the modeling of numerical experiments. The
difference is in the type of error generated by the response. In physical experiments, inaccuracy can
be due, for example, to measurement errors while, in computer experiments, numerical noise is a
result of incomplete convergence of iterative processes, round-off errors or the discrete
representation of continuous physical phenomena [9, 10, 11]. In RSM, the errors are assumed to be
random. The application of RSM to design optimization is aimed at reducing the cost of expensive
analysis methods (e.g. finite element method or CFD analysis) and their associated numerical noise.
The problem can be approximated as described in with smooth functions that improve the
convergence of the optimization process because they reduce the effects of noise and they allow for
the use of derivative-based algorithms. Venter et al. (1996)

[12] have discussed the advantages of using RSM for design optimization applications. For
example, in the case of the optimization of the calcinations of Roman cement described in Section
6.3, the engineer wants to find the levels of temperature(x) and time (x) that maximize the early age
strength (y) of the cement. The early age strength is a function of the levels of temperature and time,
as follows:

y = f (x1, x2) + e (1)

Where; e represents the noise or error observed in the response y. The surface represented by f(x1,
x2) is called a response surface. The response can be represented graphically, either in the three-
dimensional space or as contour plots that help visualize the shape of the response surface. The two
basic concepts in RSM are first the choice of the approximate model and, second, the plan of
experiments where the response has to be evaluated. Generally, the structure of the relationship
between the response and the independent variables is unknown. The first step in RSM is to find a
suitable approximation to the true relationship. The most common forms are low-order polynomials
(first or second-order). The advantage is that the structure of the approximation is not assumed in
advance, but is given as part of the solution, thus leading to a function structure of the best possible
quality. In addition, the complexity of the function is not limited to a polynomial but can be
generalized with the inclusion of any mathematical operator (e.g. trigonometric functions), depending
on the engineering understanding of the problem [8].

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