Instructor: Mr. Alexander C.

Aquino
Subject: NSTP 2
Section: 1-11, 1-12, 1-13
Activity Engagement:
 Read and study the weekly module
 Answer the questions at the end of the module
 Attach your answer In my personal messenger account (Alex Aquino) not later than
May 29 ( through Word file )
 Don’t forget to write your full name, Year and section

(Week 3) May 18-29

AFTER THE COMMUNITY ACTIVITY
1. The class shall proceed back to the Institute. There will be no dismissal of class in the community. All
CWTS classes must return to the school.
2. The Facilitator shall de-brief the class about the visit. Document any incidents that occurred during
the visit as well as students’ feedbacks, observations, comments and suggestions.
3. Develop a plan of action for the next community visit.
4. The last attendance of the students shall be taken after the class discussion and de-briefing.
5. The Facilitator shall accomplish any of the required documents pertaining to the concluded
community activity.

RELEVANT SOCIETAL CONCERNS

Relevant Societal Concerns deals with current issues or problem of a community or the country. It uses
factual data to investigate the issue and to analyze the root, cause and effect of the problem. Through
news clippings, articles, documentary films and other materials, a clearer picture of the society’s
problems is created.
The objective of this endeavor is the following:
• to provide a comprehensive view of a social issue;
• to present the factors that influence the social issue as well as areas that it affects;
• to show the complexities and relationship of the key players of the social issue;
• to cite the positive and negative aspects of the social concern; and
• to create probable solutions or propose a plan to remedy the problem.
COMPONENTS OF RELEVANT SOCIETAL CONCERNS
In looking at the issues of the society, there are several components that need to be inspected to fully
understand its dynamics. These are important information to have a good grasp of the issue and to
come up with better solutions or plan of actions.
1. Background of the Issue
All things have a beginning. Issues can be based on the occurrence of certain situations or events.
Looking at how the issue started can provide insight on the root cause of the problem and how it
develops into the existing phenomenon. It is the baseline information in investigating the problem.
2. Key Players
These are the personalities connected to the problem. They can be the victim, initiator, advocate,
contributor and spectator. These are people who influence, support, combat/resist or are affected by
the issue. They play different roles in the issue and influence its development. It is also important to
know their relationships and how it interplays in relation to the issue.
3. Characteristics of the Issue
The issue can be categorized into a public concern or a sectoral issue. With public concerns, regardless
of personal background, status or other classification, people are affected by the problem. All citizens
can relate and fully understand the problem. For sectoral issues, only a segment or portion of the
society experiences the problem. It can be related to culture, beliefs or circumstances.
4. Effects of the Issue
These are the consequences brought about by the issue. These can be classified into areas such as
economic, social, political and others.
PROCEDURES IN INVESTIGATING A SOCIAL CONCERN
Step 1 Select a social concern or problem currently happening either to your community, organization or
the country.
Note: Refrain from choosing a private concern or personal issues. These are problems only
selected people or individual are experiencing.
Step 2 Research on the social concern. Gather materials such as news clippings, articles and other
factual sources related on the problem. Be sure to verify the data and other information.
Step 3 Gather and process your data. Know the different components of the problem. Draw a timeline
for events. Show the relationships of the key players. Provide a diagram for the causes and effects of the
issue.
Step 4 Analyze and interpret the data. From the root of the problem to its most evident effects, inspect
the meaning and importance of these components to the issue. What is its significance? What does it
mean?
Step 5 Provide solutions and concrete plan of action to stop or prevent the problem or to improve the
situation. It can be in different levels such as in government, organizations and citizen. It has to be
realistic, feasible and executable.

DEFINING POLICY
Following rules and instructions are common occurrence in our daily lives. Written or unwritten rules
that give directions to our actions are observed and properly maintained. People conform to these
regulations to avoid conflicts and preserve order. This is true in a micro setting such as our own homes
and in a macro level such as our country or in society.
For the government, policies are important to keep the country in harmony and peace. One may say
that policies are laws or rules and regulations implemented by a certain authority. In the case of the
country, it can be the laws, proclamations, memorandums and administrative order issued by the
government.
To provide an extensive definition of policy, Birkland (2005) cited the description of Anne Schneider and
Helen Ingram. It states that:
Policies are revealed through text, practices, symbols and discourses that define and deliver values
including goods and services as well as regulations, income, status and other positively or negatively
valued attributes.
He further explains this definition as:
Policies are not just contained in laws and regulations; once a law or rule is made, policies continue to
be made as the people who implement policy – that is, those who put policies into effort – make
decisions about who will benefit from policies and who will shoulder burdens as a result.
Source: Birkland, Thomas A. (2005). An Introduction to the Policy Process: Theories, Concepts, and
Models of Public Policy Making 2nd edition. M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS
In the Philippines, a law undergoes a certain process before it is passed. It can begin from an idea, an
observation or a problem that arises in our daily situations. It is then conceptualized and formulated into
a proposal. The legislative branch of the government is responsible for this task namely the House of
Representatives or the Congress and the Senate. Here is a summary how laws are made:
1. Filing/Calendaring for First Reading
A bill is filed in the Office of the Secretary where it is given a corresponding number and calendared for
First Reading.
2. First Reading
Its title, bill number, and author’s name are read on the floor, after which it is referred to the proper
committee.
3. Committee Hearings/Report
Committee conducts hearings and consultation meetings. It then approves the proposed bill without an
amendment, approves it with changes, or recommends substitution or consolidation with similar bills
filed.
4. Calendaring for Second Reading
The Committee Report with its approved bill version is submitted to the Committee on Rules for
calendaring for Second Reading.

5. Second Reading
Bill author delivers sponsorship speech on the floor. Senators engage in debate, interpellation, turno en
contra, and rebuttal to highlight the pros and cons of the bill. A period of amendments incorporates
necessary changes in the bill proposed by the committee or introduced by the Senators themselves on
the floor.
6. Voting on Second Reading
Senators vote on the second reading version of the bill. If approved, the bill is calendared for third
reading.
7. Voting on Third Reading
Printed copies of the bill’s final version are distributed to the Senators. This time, only the title of the bill
is read on the floor. Nominal voting is held. If passed, the approved Senate bill is referred to the House
of Representatives for concurrence.
8. At the House of Representatives
The Lower Chamber follows the same procedures (First Reading, Second Reading and Third Reading).
9. Back to the Senate
If the House-approved version is compatible with that of the Senate’s, the final version’s enrolled form is
printed. If there are certain differences, a Bicameral Conference Committee is called to reconcile
conflicting provisions of both versions of the Senate and of the House of Representatives. Conference
committee submits report on the reconciled version of the bill, duly approved by both chambers. The
Senate prints the reconciled version in its enrolled form.
10. Submission to Malacañang
Final enrolled form is submitted to Malacañang. The President either signs it into law, or vetoes and
sends it back to the Senate with veto message.
Source: http://www.senate.gov.ph/about/legpro.asp
POLICY EVALUATION
According to an article by Shane Hall, policy evaluation is described and discussed as an essential step in
developing our society and its welfare. This is the content of the article:
Public policy making does not end with the passage of legislation and the implementation of programs
authorized by the new law. The next questions are whether the initiative achieved its objectives, what
the effects were and whether any policy changes are needed. Policy evaluation answers these and
related questions.
IdentificationPolicy evaluation is a systematic process for assessing the design, implementation and
outcomes of public
policies. Evaluation uses social science research methods, including qualitative and quantitative
techniques, to examine the effects of policies.
Some policy scholars, such as political scientist James Anderson, describe policy making as a sequential
process marked by distinct steps, such as agenda-setting, policy formulation, adoption and
implementation. For Anderson and others, evaluation is the final step in this process. However, they
caution that the public policy process is ongoing, with evaluation often resulting in policy changes, which
are then implemented and evaluated again.
Function
Policy evaluation enables all participants in the policy process, including legislators, executives, agency
officials and others, to measure the degree to which a program has achieved its goals, assess the effects
and identify any needed changes to a policy.
Types
The two main types of policy evaluation are formative and summative evaluation. Formative evaluation
examines the operations of the program, usually for the purpose of improving the program and
assessing its implementation. For example, a formative evaluation of a tutoring program would consider
such measures as the number of tutors, the number of students who participated, enrollment
procedures and the amount of tutoring students received.
Summative evaluation asks whether the program achieved its intended goals. If the tutoring program's
goal was to raise student test scores in math, a summative evaluation would include an analysis of math
scores for students who participated. Often, the best policy evaluations employ a comprehensive
approach that uses both formative and summative techniques.
Considerations
Policy evaluation is rarely as simple or straightforward as some politicians suggest. Factors that
complicate evaluations include identifying goals, measuring performance and isolating the effects of
policy from those of other factors. In addition, although it attempts to assess policy in an objective
manner, evaluation activities occur within a political environment. Policy-makers often want immediate
information on policy effects, but many programs have long-term effects that will not be known in the
short term.

HOW TO EVALUATE POLICY

Step 1 Learn the legislative history of the policy you're evaluating. All public policy exists in a political
context, so it is important to know how a policy came to exist in its current form. The political process
has a long history of making deals to ensure passage of a particular law. Compromises made in the
legislative process often affect the implementation and the outcomes of a particular policy.
Step 2 Identify the key stakeholders in a policy. This means identifying not only the agency charged with
implementing the policy being evaluated but also the intended recipients of services.
Step 3 Describe the policy being evaluated. This evaluation will include an overview of the policy, its
goals and objectives, the agency or agencies charged with its implementation or enforcement and the
activities undertaken.
Step 4 Collect the data needed for evaluation. The type of evaluation you are doing will ultimately
determine the types of data you'll need to collect.
Step 5 Analyze the data. Depending on the types of data you collect and the nature of your evaluation,
analysis may involve qualitative, quantitative or a combination of both methods. When describing ogram
activities or experiences, qualitative analysis is appropriate. Quantitative analysis is used when
trying to assess policy outcomes and impacts.
Step 6 Report your conclusions based on the analysis. This should include specific recommendations for
policy changes or program improvements.
POLICY EVALUATION REPORT
Here are the procedures in creating a policy evaluation report:
1. Select an issue or policy area of interest. Topics might include education, the environment,
national security and defense, urban development or health care. Write about the background of
the issue you choose, describing the scope of the problem to justify the need for government
policy action. Be sure to address any previous policy actions taken on the matter. Your report
should also discuss the possible consequences for failure to act.
2. Specify appropriate criteria against which to compare public policy proposals. The criteria should
involve policy goals or positive outcomes that improve the problem in question. Examples of
outcomes include economic benefits, reduced costs for taxpayers, improved student
achievement, a cleaner environment or improved measures of public health.
3. Specify two or more possible policy solutions to the issue at hand. These solutions should consist
of specific actions that could be taken by a legislative or executive body, rather than vague social
changes that are beyond the scope of government policy makers. Compare the competing
proposals, describing how and to what extent each proposal addresses the problem, based on
the criteria specified in step 2. Comparison and analysis of policy alternatives will form the main
body of your policy report. An effective paper should consider the immediate and long-term
effects of policy proposals. Consider not only the policy merits, such as the costs and benefits of
each alternative, but political factors as well. Policy-making occurs in an inherently political
environment, so be sure to discuss the interest groups and stakeholders that could be affected---
positively or negatively---by policy.
4. Recommend an action for policy makers to take, using empirical evidence from your analysis and
comparison for support.
ASSESSMENT:
1. WHAT ARE THE 4 COMPONENTS OF RELEVANT SOCIETAL CONCERNS? DISCUSS EACH IN YOUR
OWN WORDS.
2. MAKE YOUR OWN POLICY EVALUATION REPORT USING THE PROCEDURE ABOVE ON THE
TOPIC OF NEW NORMAL IN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM.
3. Write and present academic on the topic of “New normal in Academic system”
( minimum of 1000 words)
Format:
 Use 12 pt Times New Roman
 Set 1 inch page margins
 Apply double line spacing
 Insert a running head on every page
 Indent every new paragraph ½ inch

NOTE: Don’t copy paste the answer of your class mates. ( last assessment, I observed that
there are some students who copy the personal narrative of their classmate)

(THESE ARE YOUR LAST ASSESSMENT)