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Trunk Switching (LAB#13) : Name

This document discusses trunk switching between two digital switching centers. It explains that the local inlet and outlet busses of each switching center are connected to a shared trunk bus. This trunk bus allows each switching center to switch both local and trunk calls by connecting the outlet trunk bus of one center to the inlet trunk bus of the other. Timeslots on the trunk bus are allocated bi-directionally to establish connections between the two switching centers.

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Usairum
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88 views3 pages

Trunk Switching (LAB#13) : Name

This document discusses trunk switching between two digital switching centers. It explains that the local inlet and outlet busses of each switching center are connected to a shared trunk bus. This trunk bus allows each switching center to switch both local and trunk calls by connecting the outlet trunk bus of one center to the inlet trunk bus of the other. Timeslots on the trunk bus are allocated bi-directionally to establish connections between the two switching centers.

Uploaded by

Usairum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Trunk Switching (LAB#13)

Name:
Usairum Anees Mirza (160363)

Talha Hussain Kaleem (161008)

Hassan Ali Khan (160 )

Trunk Switching:
 The local Inlet and Outlet Busses are connected by each Digital Switch to the Trunk Bus.
 Trunk Bus connects the two Switches so that the Outlet Trunk Bus from one Switch is
Connected to the Inlet Trunk Bus at the other.
 Thus each Digital Switching Centre can switch both local and trunk calls. In the
experimental equipment the Trunk Cord connecting the 2 work boards carries the Trunk
Bus.
 The local inlet and Outlet Busses are connected by each Digital Switch to the Trunk Bus.
 The Trunk Bus connects the two Switches so that the Outlet Trunk Bus from one Switch
is connected to the inlet Trunk Bus at the other.
 Thus each Digital Switching Centre can switch both local and trunk calls.
 In the experimental equipment the trunk cord connecting the 2 workloads carries the
Trunk Bus.

Long Distance Transmission:


 The waveforms transmitted between the two Work boards only have a short distance to
travel, and thus there is no deterioration in the waveform.
 The waveform used for the transmission is thus the basic Non-return to Zero (NRZ)
Unipolar signal used by normal logic circuits.
 However, in commercial telephone systems,the digital waveforms must be transmitted
over long distances at a high bit rate.
 Typical limitations of long distance cables are:
 1. An inability to transmit dc levels. They are often transformer coupled, and the lines
may be used to send dc power to repeaters.
2. Limited bandwidth due to the capacitance of the cable.
3. The lack of a separate channel for carrying timing information, which is needed to
keep the transmitter and receiver in synchronism.
 Therefore signal waveforms are designed to overcome these limitations.
 The methods used are known as line coding.

Substitution Codes:
 In addition to Line Coding, various substitution codes are used to avoid long strings of
zeroes. If a string of zeroes does occur, a special code is used to replace it.
 The code is recognized because the regular AMI sequence is violated.
 A typical code is the B3ZS (binary 3 zero substitution) code, used in T1 systems.
 In this any sequence of 3 zeroes is replaced by either B0V or 00V. B is a correct '1' pulse and a V
is a violation '1' pulse.
 The sequences are selected so as to avoid a net dc value. A code used in CEPT systems is HDB3
(high density bipolar coding).
 Any sequence of 4 zeroes is replaced by sequences with a violation in the last bit position.

Outward Path:
 The connection between the two Switching Centers is made by a dedicated 30 channel bus, the
Trunk Bus.
 This requires circuits for both directions, outward and Return.
 This Practical looks at the Outward Path. Switching occurs in two stages in each switch:
1. The internal bus in the Originating Switching Centre is connected to the trunk bus.
2. The other end of the trunk bus is connected to the internal bus at the Destination Switching
Centre.
 For the Practical, Switching Centre A is used as the Originating Switch, and Switching Centre B is
the Destination Switch.
 As soon as dialing is complete, if the required line is available, the internal bus in Switch A is
immediately connected to the trunk bus.
 The connection in Switch B is only made when the telephone is answered.
 Four timeslots in the trunk bus are allocated for transmission in each direction.
 They are recorded in a busy time slot map, similar to the busy line map in the Line Maps
Assignment in the Single Switching Centre package.

Procedure:
 Demonstration of the switching required for the Outward path for calls from Switching Centre A
to Switching center B.
 The Trunk Bus is connected from an Outlet of Switch A to an Inlet of switch B using the Outlets
and Inlets previously selected.
 Make a connection from a telephone on Switching Centre A to one on Switching Centre B.
 Observe the time slot allocated in the Trunk Bus for the connection, and when the connections
are made.
 Repeat and have several connections at one time.
 Connections in the reverse direction, from Switching Centre B to Switching Centre A use
timeslots Tk-7 to Tk-10.

Conclusion:
In this Lab we learned about Trunk Switching which is extension of previous lab. We learned
about bus 2 and 3 and their uses. The Inlet and Outlet busses. Long distance transmission and
its bandwidth and capacitance. In Line coding B3ZS uses T1 system and outward path and how
time slots are aloocated.

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