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    Ceramic: Dental Materials

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    Aadel
    The document discusses different types of dental ceramics, including their compositions, properties, and applications. It describes four main categories of ceramics used in dentistry: silicate ceramics, oxide ceramics, nonoxide ceramics, and glass ceramics. The document also covers the use of ceramics in dental prosthetics like crowns, bridges, veneers, and how they can be classified based on their intended use, composition, processing method, and other properties.

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    Ceramic: Dental Materials

    Uploaded by

    Aadel
    26 views37 pages
    The document discusses different types of dental ceramics, including their compositions, properties, and applications. It describes four main categories of ceramics used in dentistry: silicate ceramics, oxide ceramics, nonoxide ceramics, and glass ceramics. The document also covers the use of ceramics in dental prosthetics like crowns, bridges, veneers, and how they can be classified based on their intended use, composition, processing method, and other properties.

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    The document discusses different types of dental ceramics, including their compositions, properties, and applications. It describes four main categories of ceramics used in dentistry: silicate ceramics, oxide ceramics, nonoxide ceramics, and glass ceramics. The document also covers the use of ceramics in dental prosthetics like crowns, bridges, veneers, and how they can be classified based on their intended use, composition, processing method, and other properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views37 pages

    Ceramic: Dental Materials

    Uploaded by

    Aadel
    The document discusses different types of dental ceramics, including their compositions, properties, and applications. It describes four main categories of ceramics used in dentistry: silicate ceramics, oxide ceramics, nonoxide ceramics, and glass ceramics. The document also covers the use of ceramics in dental prosthetics like crowns, bridges, veneers, and how they can be classified based on their intended use, composition, processing method, and other properties.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 37

    CERAMIC

    Dental Materials
    DEFINITIONS
    • Ceramic –
    • An inorganic compound w/ non metallic
    properties typically composed of metallic and
    non metallic elements

    • Dental ceramic –
    • An inorganic compound w/ non metallic
    properties typically composed of O2 and 1 or
    more metallic or semi metallic elements that is
    formulated to produce the whole part of a
    ceramic based dental prosthesis
    4 categories of ceramics
    1. Silicate Ceramics
    2. Oxide Ceramics
    3. Nonoxide Ceramics
    4. Glass Ceramics
    Silicate Ceramics
    • Amorphous glass phase with a porous structure
    • Main components:
    • SiO2
    • Small quantities of :
    • Al2O3
    • MgO
    • ZrO2

    Dental porcelain
    Oxide Ceramics
    • Principally contains:
    • Al2O3,MgO,ZrO2 with either no glass phase or
    small content.
    Non oxide Ceramics
    • Impractical for dental use
    • Why?
    • High sintering temp
    • Unesthetic color
    • opacity
    Glass Ceramics
    • Are partially crystallized glass
    • Produced by nucleation and growth of crystals
    in glass matrix phase
    Dental ceramics
    • May consist primarily of :
    • Glasses , glass ceramics or highly crystalline
    structures
    • Ceramics are more resistant to corrosion than
    plastic
    • Remain stable for a long period of time
    • Do not react with most liquids, gases
    • Excellent – fair fracture toughness
    • Zirconium dioxide
    > Flexural strength similar to steel
    Dental ceramics
    • Biocompatible
    • Long term color stabbility
    • Wear resistance
    • Ability to be formed into precise shapes
    Phillips Dental Materials

    CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL
    CERAMICS
    Dental ceramics can be classified
    according to :
    • Use or Indication
    - Anterior
    - Posterior
    - Crowns
    - Veneers
    - Post and cores
    - FPDs
    - Stain ceramics
    - Glaze ceramics
    • Composition
    - Pure alumina
    - Pure zirconia
    - Silica glass
    - Leucite-based glass ceramic
    - Lithia based glass ceramic
    • Processing method
    - Sintering
    - Partial sintering
    - Glass infiltration
    - CAD CAM
    - Copy milling
    • Firing temperature
    - Low fusing
    - Medium fusing
    - High fusing
    • Microstructure
    - Glass
    - Crystalline
    - Crystal containing glass
    • Translucency
    - Opaque
    - Tranlucent
    - transparent
    • Fracture Resistance

    • Abrasiveness
    Metal Ceramic Prosthesis
    • COMPOSITION OF DENTAL PORCELAINS
    • Most dental porcelains consist of
    • Kaolin
    • Silica
    • Feldspar
    • Glasses
    Glass modifiers
    • Manufacturers employ glass modifiers to
    produce dental porcelains with different firing
    temperatures
    Categories Firing temperature
    High fusing 1300oC or above
    Medium fusing 1101 to 1300oC
    Low fusing 850 to 1100oC
    Ultra low fusing < 850oC
    Feldspathic Porcelains
    • Feldspar- main ingredient of classical metal
    ceramic porcelain. ( crystalline and opaque)
    • Chemically designated as K2O.Al2O3.6SiO2

    • These ceramics are called porcelains because


    they contain a glass matrix and one or more
    crystal phases.
    Other Additives
    • B2O3 ( Boric Acid) – behaves like a glass modifier
    • Alumina – not a true glass modifier but can alter
    softening temperature and viscosity
    • Pigmenting oxides – natural shade of tooth
    • Iron or nickel oxide – brown
    • Copper oxide – green
    • Titanium dioxide – yellowish brown
    • Manganese oxide – lavander
    • Cobalt oxide – blue
    • Opacity– zirconium oxide, tin oxide
    Esthetic potetial
    Metal ceramic All Ceramic
    • 70% of all fixed restorations • Matches appearance of
    • Not the best esthetic choice adjacent natural tooth
    • Dark line at facial margin • More susceptible to
    fracture
    • Ceramic margin
    Porcelain Condensation
    • Supplied as a fine powder to be mixed with water
    or another vehicle and condensed into desired
    form
    • Dense packing has 2 benefits:
    1. Lower firing range
    2. Less porosity
    • Packing may be achieved through
    1. Vibration
    2. Spatulation
    3. Brush technique
    Drying
    • The restoration is placed in an open furnace to
    be dried.
    • Until 480 deg C is reached
    • Drying stage – 5- 8 minutes
    • Ensures the remaining water is removed
    • Dries too quickly – spontaneous breakage
    • If wet structure is placed onto firing in hot
    furnace – steam-crumble-explode
    Sintering of porcelain
    • The purpose of firing :
    • To sinter the particles of powder together
    properly to form the prosthesis.
    • Sintering – process of heating closely packed
    particles to a specified temp to densify and
    strengthen a structure
    • After porcelain is preheated, firing cycle is
    initiated.
    Overglazing and shading
    • Natural glazed porcelain is much stronger than
    ground, rough, non glazed porcelain.
    • Glaze – effective in reducing crack propagation
    within the outer surface.
    • Stains and glazes
    Cooling of metal-ceramic prosthesis
    • Sudden changes in temperature – fracture
    • Slow cooling followed by slow opening of
    furnace door
    Benefits and drawbacks of metla
    ceramics
    • Stronger and more durable than all ceramic
    crowns
    • Permanent aesthetic quality
    • Fracture resistance
    • No abrasion wear
    • No staining along metal and veneer interface
    • Less tooth structure is removed to provide
    proper bulk for the crown.
    Ceramics for Ceramic Metal
    Restorations
    • 5 requirements:
    1. Must simulate appearance of tooth
    2. Fuse at low temp
    3. Must have compatible thermal expansion
    with metals
    4. Must withstand oral environment
    5. Must not abrade opposing teeth
    Ceramics for ceramic metal
    restorations
    • Ceramics are composed of crystalline phases
    in an amorphous , glassy vitreous matrix.
    • Glass
    • They fuse at a lower temp , to prevent metal
    from distorting
    ALL CERAMIC PROSTHESIS
    • Castable and machinable glass ceramics
    • Pressable glass ceramics
    • Slip cast All ceramic ceramics
    • Procera Allceram
    • CAD CAM ceramics
    GENERAL APPLICATIONS OF
    CERAMICS IN DENTISTRY
    • Ceramics are the best materials to match
    esthetic complexity of human teeth
    • Used for ceramic metal crown
    • FPD
    • All ceramic resto
    • To fabricate denture teeth
    Ceramic metal crowns
    • ADVANTAGE:
    • Better abrasion resistance
    • More durable
    • Better adhesion with resin cements

    • DISADVANTAGES:
    • Occlusal adjustment is more difficult
    • Not for high stress areas
    All Ceramic Crowns, inlays , veneers
    • Ceramic veneer – layer of ceramic bonded to
    the facial surface of a prepared tooth to cover
    any defaults.
    • Custom made , fabricated in lab.

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