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Hitler Mao Comparison

Authoritarian states emerged due to economic troubles, social divisions, and weak political systems following wars. Hitler, Mao, and Stalin all focused on improving economic conditions and gained support from peasants and workers who were struggling the most. They consolidated power through propaganda, controlling the media, and eliminating opposition through force or purges. Maintaining power relied on success in foreign policy goals like expansionism and removing foreign influence. Domestic policies aimed to control all aspects of society politically, economically, and culturally.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
512 views5 pages

Hitler Mao Comparison

Authoritarian states emerged due to economic troubles, social divisions, and weak political systems following wars. Hitler, Mao, and Stalin all focused on improving economic conditions and gained support from peasants and workers who were struggling the most. They consolidated power through propaganda, controlling the media, and eliminating opposition through force or purges. Maintaining power relied on success in foreign policy goals like expansionism and removing foreign influence. Domestic policies aimed to control all aspects of society politically, economically, and culturally.

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c.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; 


impact of war; weakness of political system 
 
Hitler  Both  Mao 
● Hitler focused on  ● Promised the  ● Mao focused on 
increasing  improvement of the  improving the 
employment after the  economy: Mao through  conditions of the 
Great Depression,  1st 5 Year Plan, the  peasants after the civil 
mainly through  Great Leap Forward,  war through tax and 
industry  and modernization  land reform 
● Emerged after  (competing with West);  ● Emerged after poverty, 
hyperinflation,  Hitler through  high taxes, and large 
deflation, and  increased industrial  debts 
unemployment  production for war   
  ● Emerged out of  ● Peasants were going 
● Workers were going  widespread poverty  broke due to 
broke due to owning    decreasing farm sizes, 
no capital, while  ● Working class had less  taxes, and little 
owners stayed stable  wealth than owners  available land, while 
● Workers were less  (industry/agriculture)  landowners held all the
supportive of NSDAP,    wealth 
proportionally  ● Poor treatment by  ● Peasants were most 
● Owners not  foreign powers  supportive of the CCP 
intentionally  exploited by  ● Landlords intentionally
Emergence of  oppressing workers  Mao/Hitler (Treaty of  oppressing peasants  
authoritarian  ● Inequality resulting  Versailles/Imperialists ● Inequality engrained in 
states  from war and Great  , 21 Demands, Japan)  feudal system 
Depression     
  ● Emerged after  ● Chinese Civil War led 
● World War 1 led to all  disorganized political  to Pillaging by the NRA
of these economical  situations  - Support for CCP 
issues  ● Widespread  ● Sino-Japanese War led 
● Treaty of Versailles  dissatisfaction with  to rape and murder - 
Resentment  government  Resentment 
● HUGE DEBT  (NRA/Weimar)   
  ● Emerged after a 
● Emerged after a  disorganized Warlord 
disorganized weak  Period (anarchy) 
Weimar Government  ● Separate warlords, 
(Unchanged structures,  unable to form 
Article 48)  national government 
● Coalition government,  or policy 
unable to pass laws or 
garner a majority - 
ineffective 
 
Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of 
leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda 
 
Hitler  Both  Mao 
● Hitler used the support  ● Both tried to gain  ● Mao used the support 
of elites to gain power  support from the  of the peasants to gain 
(elite intrigue)  masses  power 
● Used rearmament     
campaign to gain  ● Gained support  ● Gained office through 
industrial and military  through hate  civil war (with a 
support  (Landlords;  majority) 
● Advocated against  Diktat/Jews)  ● Helped by generals, 
Weimar practices (art,  such as Lin Biao 
music, democracy) to 
gain support from 
upper class rightists 
● Capitalized on 
economic failures 
during Weimar to 
promote his Fascist 
ideology 
 
● Gained office “legally” 
(not with a majority) 
● Helped in to office by 
unknowing elites 
● Granted chancellery by 
Hindenburg 
 
 
Use of legal methods; use of force; charismatic leadership; dissemination of propaganda 
 
Hitler  Both  Mao 
● Hitler semi-legally  ● Produced publications  ● Mao gained power 
obtained power  (Mein Kampf/The  through a civil war, 
(Enabling Act,  Little Red Book)  illegally 
Reichstag Fire Decree) 
 
 
Nature, extent and treatment of opposition 
 
Consolidation  Hitler  Both  Mao 
and  ● Faced little divisions in  ● Faced several divisions 
maintenance  his cabinet  in party 
of power  ● Solved divisions  ● Solved divisions 
through purges (night  several ways, only 
of the long knives,  some successful 
Rohm)  (Hundred Flowers 
Campaign, Hiding 
Behind Curtain, GPCR) 
 
The impact of the success and/or failure of foreign policy on the maintenance of power 
 
Hitler  Both  Mao 
● Focused on  ● Aimed to remove  ● Focused on Domestic 
Expansionism (Saar,  foreign influence  (Economy, Social) 
Rhineland, Austria,  (Young Plan/Treaty of  ● Generally Failed (Great 
Czechoslovakia,  Versailles; Foreign  Leap Forward) 
Poland)  Imperialists, Japan)  ● Treated conflicts 
● Generally Successful,  ● Both methods of  through war or simply 
by the Beginning of  treating conflicts were  disagreement (USSR, 
World War II  successful (Unfair  Japan) 
● Treated conflicts  comparison since  ● Didn’t attack Taiwan 
through false promises  China had less  to prevent war 
(Appeasement,  enemies) 
Czechoslovakia) 
● Continued invasions at 
risk of war 
 
 
Aims and impact of domestic, economic, political, cultural and social policies 
 
Hitler  Both  Mao 
● Focus on gaining more  ● Did not tolerate  ● Focus on changing 
land (Lebensraum)  criticism (Gestapo/Red land ownership (Land 
● Racial policies  Guards, GPCR)  Law) 
(Nuremberg Laws,    ● Allowed for 
Law for the  ● Attempted to embrace  criticization of the 
Restoration of the  modern technology  party temporarily 
Civil Service)  ● Modern department  ● Economic and Social 
  stores are enemies  Policies 
● Industrialization  ● Economic policies   
attempts more  used to improve public  ● Industrialization 
successful  image  attempts only 
● Focus on rearmament  ● Focus on increasing  sometimes successful 
  heavy industry  ● Focus on civil 
● Urban life growing,  ● Followed planned  engineering and 
Aims and  but rural preferred,  economies  modernization 
results of  with modernization    ● Heavy industry failed 
policies  seen as negative  ● Both had aspects of  to benefit the people 
● Glorified the past  collectivization   
(roman empire,  (nationalized  ● Rural life common, but 
Middle ages, Vikings)  industries)  modernization seen as 
    positive 
● Education more  ● Both emphasize war as ● The past attacked 
focused on military  an ongoing, desirable  during Attacks on the 
training  state  Four Olds 
● Education for girls  ● Science disregarded   
drastically different  (Mao’s Four Pests  ● Education more 
(preparing them to be  Campaign, farming  focused on ideology 
housewives)  techniques, backyard  ● Youth used for change 
● Youth used for  furnaces; Hitler’s  and power (Red 
propaganda (Hitler  eugenics)  Guards) 
Youth)  ● Promoted unity 
(Volksgemeinschaft; 
Communism) 
● Censorship of Art (Use 
for political purposes 
only, Jiang Qing; 
Required approval, 
Aryan form) 
 
● Education used to 
promote political 
ideology (aryans; 
Maoist thought) and to 
prepare children for 
military/informants 
(Red Guards) 
● Anti-Intellectualism 
Promoted (Book 
Burnings, Struggle 
Sessions) 
 
 
The impact of policies on women and minorities 
 
Hitler  Both  Mao 
● Women are used for  ● Fashion is generally  ● Women are comrades, 
childbearing  looked down on  who will work 
(expanding  (cosmetics banned)  alongside men 
Nazism/Lebensraum):  ● Women mostly  ● More broad roles for 
traditional role,  uninvolved in  women 
stay-at-home,  government (ex, Jiang  ● Increased women 
submissive  Qing)  employment 
● Strictly defined roles  ● Minorities are kept in  ● Women wear similar 
for women  concentration  clothes as men (Mao 
● Decreased women  camps/laogai, where  Suit) 
employment  many die  ● Policies benefit 
● Women dress in full  ● Both rely on the  women (foot binding, 
skirts  people to turn each  marriage reform, 
● Eliminating minorities  other in, although a lot  property rights) 
is a core part of Nazi  more so in China  ● Some minorities are 
Ideology  (struggle sessions  targeted, but mainly to 
● Strong focus on ethnic  executed by the  prevent backlash or 
and religious  people, while in  rebellion 
minorities  Germany people tell  ● Focus on ideological 
● Jews are targeted with  the Gestapo)  minorities (possible 
Nuremberg Laws, Law  ● Religion discouraged  rightists) 
for the Restoration of  and disliked  ● Intellectuals are 
the Civil Service,  considered a minority 
Kristallnacht, and  ● Landowners are a 
Extermination Camps  minority compared to 
● Disabled are targeted  peasants 
with Law for the  ● Tibetan Buddhists are 
Prevention of  attacked by Red 
Hereditary Diseased  Guards 
Offspring   ● Focus on reeducation 
● Focus on  through struggle 
extermination  sessions and thought 
● Anti-Religious, but  reform 
unable to successfully  ● Religion blatantly 
carry out reform  attacked 
(unified Protestant 
Reich Church failed; 
German Faith 
Movement delayed) 
 
Authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved 
 
Hitler  Both  Mao 
● Had a chaotic,  ● Used fear to  ● Had an organized 
unorganized cabinet  establish unity  government 
(people strive to  ● Single Party States  (cabinet, politburo, 
find laws to please  Created (Banning  etc.) 
him)  KPD, Law Against  ● Mao had more 
● Many people  the Forming of New  active support of the 
tolerated Hitler due  Parties; Established  people (GPCR, Red 
to fear (Gestapo,  by Central  Guards, Legacy), 
Kristallnacht, Night  Committee 1951)  possibly tolerated 
of the Long Knives)  ● Laws had to go  due to fear (for 
or passivity  through Mao/Hitler  minorities) or lack 
(Leader/follower  of education (Laogai 
mentality) or lack of  vs “Reeducation”) 
education  ● Lack of full control 
(Concentration  of government and 
Camps) or  party (Hid behind 
possibility for  curtain, Deng 
improved industry  Xiaoping, Liu 
Shaoqi) 
 
 

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