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    木鲁 Kirubel 18103110172 HW7

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    Lij Kidink
    Romanesque architecture developed in Europe between the 11th and 12th centuries. It fused Roman, Carolingian, Ottonian, Byzantine, and local Germanic architectural traditions. Larger churches were needed to accommodate growing monastic communities and pilgrims. Masonry vaulting began replacing timber to make structures more fire resistant. Characteristics of Romanesque churches included semicircular arches, barrel or groin vaults, massive walls containing outward thrusts, side aisles with galleries, a large crossing tower, and smaller towers at the west end. French churches expanded on the basilica plan with radiating chapels and ambulatories around apses.

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    木鲁 Kirubel 18103110172 HW7

    Uploaded by

    Lij Kidink
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    Romanesque architecture developed in Europe between the 11th and 12th centuries. It fused Roman, Carolingian, Ottonian, Byzantine, and local Germanic architectural traditions. Larger churches were needed to accommodate growing monastic communities and pilgrims. Masonry vaulting began replacing timber to make structures more fire resistant. Characteristics of Romanesque churches included semicircular arches, barrel or groin vaults, massive walls containing outward thrusts, side aisles with galleries, a large crossing tower, and smaller towers at the west end. French churches expanded on the basilica plan with radiating chapels and ambulatories around apses.

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    Romanesque architecture developed in Europe between the 11th and 12th centuries. It fused Roman, Carolingian, Ottonian, Byzantine, and local Germanic architectural traditions. Larger churches were needed to accommodate growing monastic communities and pilgrims. Masonry vaulting began replacing timber to make structures more fire resistant. Characteristics of Romanesque churches included semicircular arches, barrel or groin vaults, massive walls containing outward thrusts, side aisles with galleries, a large crossing tower, and smaller towers at the west end. French churches expanded on the basilica plan with radiating chapels and ambulatories around apses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    40 views2 pages

    木鲁 Kirubel 18103110172 HW7

    Uploaded by

    Lij Kidink
    Romanesque architecture developed in Europe between the 11th and 12th centuries. It fused Roman, Carolingian, Ottonian, Byzantine, and local Germanic architectural traditions. Larger churches were needed to accommodate growing monastic communities and pilgrims. Masonry vaulting began replacing timber to make structures more fire resistant. Characteristics of Romanesque churches included semicircular arches, barrel or groin vaults, massive walls containing outward thrusts, side aisles with galleries, a large crossing tower, and smaller towers at the west end. French churches expanded on the basilica plan with radiating chapels and ambulatories around apses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    木鲁 Kirubel 18103110172

    Romanesque architecture
    Romanesque architecture, architectural style current in Europe from about the mid-11th
    century to the advent of Gothic architecture. A fusion of
    Roman, Carolingian and Ottonian, Byzantine, and local Germanic traditions, it was a product of
    the great expansion of monasticism in the 10th–11th century. Larger churches were needed to
    accommodate the numerous monks and priests, as well as the pilgrims who came to view
    saints’ relics. For the sake of fire resistance, masonry vaulting began to replace timber
    construction.

    Romanesque churches characteristically incorporated semicircular arches for windows, doors,


    and arcades; barrel or groin vaults to support the roof of the nave; massive piers and walls, with
    few windows, to contain the outward thrust of the vaults; side aisles with galleries above them; a
    large tower over the crossing of nave and transept; and smaller towers at the church’s western
    end. French churches commonly expanded on the early Christian basilica plan, incorporating
    radiating chapels to accommodate more priests, ambulatoriesaround the sanctuary apse for
    visiting pilgrims, and large transepts between the sanctuary and nave.

    The Leaning Tower of Pisa is the piazza’s crowning glory.


    Although only a third as high as the Washington Monument, it was a miracle of medieval
    engineering, probably the tallest bell towers in Europe.
    With 207 columns ranged around eight stories, Tower of Pisa looks like a massive wedding cake
    knocked precariously askew by a clumsy giant guest.
    The construction of Tower of Pisa began in August 1173 and continued for about 200 years due
    to the onset of a series of wars. Till today, the name of the architect is a mystery.
    Leaning Tower of Pisa and CathedralThe leaning Tower of Pisa was designed as a circular bell
    tower that would stand 185 feet high. It is constructed of white marble.
    The tower has eight stories, including the chamber for the bells.
    The bottom story consists of 15 marble arches. Each of the next six stories contains 30 arches
    that surround the tower.
    The final story is the bell chamber itself, which has 16 arches. There is a 297 step spiral staircase
    inside the tower leading to the top.
    The top of the leaning tower of Pisa is about 17 feet off the vertical.
    The tower is also slightly curved from the attempts by various architects to keep it from leaning
    more or falling over.
    Many ideas have been suggested to straighten the Tower of Pisa, including taking it apart stone
    by stone and rebuilding it at a different location.
    In the 1920s the foundations of the tower were injected with cement grouting that has stabilized
    the tower to some extent.
    Until recent years tourists were not allowed to climb the staircase inside the tower, due to
    consolidation work.

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