International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 06 Issue: 11 | Nov 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

A Review on Comparative Study between Girder Bridge and Extradosed

Bridge by using Staad.pro Software
Aware Satish1, Gaidhankar Karan2, Kale Vaishnavi3, Fulari Kedar4, Arab Abubakar5
1Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, N. B. Navale Sinhgad College of Engineering, Solapur, India
2,3,4,5Student, Department of Civil Engineering, N. B. Navale Sinhgad College of Engineering, Solapur, India
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Abstract - Extra dosed bridges are similar to cable stayed 1.1 Stability
bridges. The stay cables are used for strengthening. This new
type of bridges has been constructed in Japan. This concept is Stability of cable stayed bridges have been carries out
introduced by J.Mathivat. This paper shows some example and many researchers .SHU and WANG investigated the stability
difference between Extra dosed and cable stayed bridges in characteristics of cable stayed bridge by studying 3
structural aspects. The structural behavior of Extra dosed dimensional finite elements method. They contain design
bridge differs from that of cable stayed bridge. The paper parameters such as main span length, cable arrangement,
shows the free vibration and forced vibration behavior of types of pylon. The excessively large buckling length in some
Extra dosed bridge. girders members can be minimized by introducing concept of
fictitious, axial force to obtain buckling length of steel girder
There are various types of girder bridges like box- members in cable stayed bridges.
girder, plate girder, I-beam, T-beam etc. Plate girder bridges
are the most common type of steel bridges generally used for 1.2 Safety Factors
railway crossing of streams and rivers. It consists of a girder
made up of steel plates which are connected by welds or rivets. The safety factors of stay cables are stipulated differently
This type of girder is used for continuous spans up to 250m by Japanese specification suggests safety factors of 1.67 and
and for simply supported spans in the range of 20 to 50m. The 2.5 for the design of extra dosed and cable stayed bridges.
design of plate girder involves the section of the cross section Due to variations in live load it is difficult to precisely
and design of connection between flanges and web together examine the safety of this kind of flexible structure.
with the design of intermediate and bearing stiffeners and
their connections of the web of the plate girder. Box girders 2. TYPES OF BRIDGES
can be universally applied from the point of view of load
A box girder bridge is a bridge in which the main beams
carrying, to their indifference as to whether the bending
comprise girders in the shape of a hollow box. The box girder
moments are positive or negative and to their torsional
normally comprises either prestressed concrete, structural
stiffness; from the point of view of economy. T-beam bridges
steel, or a composite of steel and reinforced concrete. The box
are one of the most commonly used type of bridge. From the
is typically rectangular or trapezoidal in cross-section. Box
point of view of structural aspect they are simple to construct
girder bridges are commonly used for highway flyovers and
and maintain. When there is a need to connect shorter
for modern elevated structures of light rail transport. A T-
distances, this type of bridges are preferred over other types of
beam used in construction is a load-bearing structure of
bridges.
reinforced concrete, wood or metal, with a t-shaped cross
Key Words: Staad.pro, Cable-stayed Bridge, Extra dosed section. The top of the t-shaped cross section serves as a
bridge, Bending moment, Shear force, Pylon, Static behavior, flange or compression member in resisting compressive
Plate Girder Bridge, T-beam Bridge, Box Girder Bridge, stresses. The web (vertical section) of the beam below the
Elastic foundation, Equivalent modulus, Vibrations of cable. compression flange serves to resist shear stress and to
provide greater separation for the coupled forces of bending.
1. INTRODUCTION
The Extradosed Bridge is a relatively new type of structure
that has been developed since the 1990. The first such
structure was the ODWARA blue way bridge which was
designed and constructed in JAPAN .The extra dosed bridge
can be defined as the structure being between the girder
bridge and cable stayed bridge.

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 978
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 11 | Nov 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

3. LITERATURE REVIEW Specifications requirements and the recommendations of the

precast concrete institute (PCI) bridge committee.
Cable-stayed bridges have extended the competitive span
range of concrete bridge construction to dimensions that had Walter Podolny 1979: Discuses the evolution and
previously been considered impossible and reserved for advantages of precast segmental bridge construction. It was
structural steel. With technology of prefabrication, pre- observed that the first kind of precast segmental bridge was
stressing, and segmental cantilever construction, it is built on 1948 by the French scientist Eugene Freyysinet in
obvious that cable-stayed bridges are extending the Paris. Later on by 1950’s the same appeared in the parts of
competitive span range of concrete bridges to dimensions Europe and United States. The advantages and
that had previously been considered impossible and in a disadvantages of precast segmental bridge construction is
range which had previously been the domain of structural mentioned. Paper also discussed how precast segment can
steel. The technological means exist, they only require be incorporated to variety of bridge types such as cable-
implementation. The author of this literature review M.V. stayed, arches, rigid frames and girder type bridges.
Sardesai and Dr. A.K. Desai. Examples of many of these construction procedure and
equipment and bridge type have been described.
Structural behavior in such bridges depends on the
interaction among each structural element involved Precast segmental box Girder Bridge manual 1979: Is a
therefore, provided that they share some morphological and complete design handbook on precast segmental box girder
constructive similarities with cable stayed and pre-stressed bridge. It deals about development of precast segmental
box-girder bridges. Biliszczuk et al. (2017), they presented bridge construction including types of precast segmental
examples of short-, medium-, and long-span extra dosed construction, advantages and its application worldwide. It
bridges designed and built in recent years in Poland. also gives an insight into various considerations for segment
design like principle dimensions of segments, pier and
Paper represents some details of design and construction of abutments segments, post tensioning tendons, shear keys,
selected extra dosed bridges. They concluded this paper with epoxy joints. Analysis of precast segmental bridge consists of
geometrical parameters characterizing presented structures. longitudinal analysis, transverse analysis and correction to
The parameters were compared with values obtained for deformations.
cable-stayed bridges and extra dosed bridges built
worldwide. The name of author is Hiroshi Mutsuyoshi. 4. SCOPE OF THE PAPER
The literature survey for the topic has been carried out. In this paper, the behavior is studied for both bridge decks
Technical papers, magazines, articles, previous year thesis (cable-stayed bridge and extra dosed bridge) for various
and books related to topic were studied and their reviews spans and 70R loading. The different deck models are
are presented below. prepared and analyzed using the software CSI Bridge.
Further, the bridge analyzed is checked for class A and class
Miller and Juarez 1978: Gives an insight into the AA loadings
preliminary design of segmental precast box Girder Bridge
using optimization. Decision about cross-sectional 5. METHODOLOGY
dimensions made during preliminary design can have a
substantial influence on the final cost of bridge. To help the The research work comprises a study of response of bridge
designer obtain an economical starting point for a final deck for both types of bridges (cable-stayed bridge and extra
design, a program was written to determine the section dosed bridge) for various different spans and 70R loading.
dimensions and mid span and pier pre-stressing steel areas The parametric study includes response of deck, deck
to give minimum cost. The optimization algorithm used was moment, study of pylon, how the response of bridge varies
the generalized reduced gradient technique. Since a span wise, from aesthetics point of view feasible bridge
preliminary design is obtained, the analysis techniques and structure, pylon height and span length to thickness of girder
design criteria have been simplified to reduce computation. ratio. Check the bridge analyzed for class A and class AA
Because of simplification made in the analysis and design, loading. The model will be developed using Staad.pro
the resulting design is intended to be used as starting point software.
from which detailed design can be carried out. The program
produced designs that appear realistic compared to those 6. CONCLUSIONS
used in practice, although the results appear to indicate that
somewhat shall over bridges than are currently used would CONCLUSION
be optimum. For the only problem which an actual design
was compared, the program produced a design about 5%, From above literature review following points are concluded
less costly than the design that was built. The design
 Extra dosed bridge can be adopted alternative to cable-
produced by the program will satisfy American association
stayed bridge when overall height is restricted.
of state highway and transportation officials (AASHTO)

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 979
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 11 | Nov 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

 The lower tower height not only reduces the material

consumed but also reduces construction difficulty.

 The technique of cable anchoring in extra dosed is

simpler than anchoring technique used in cable-stayed
bridge

 Extra dosed bridge option is more competitive under

similar span lengths owing to the lower construction cost,
better constructability and easier maintenance.

 Girder bridges are simple to construct as compared to

extra-dosed bridges.

 Girder bridges are economical as compared to extra-

dosed bridges.

 The structural behavior of the girder bridges is different

as compare to Extradosed Bridge.

 The loading conditions are different for Girder bridges

and Extra dosed bridges.

REFERENCES
[1] M. Sardesai and A. Desai, “Investigation into cable
structure interaction for Extra dosed bridge” Surat
(IJERA), Jul-Aug 2013.

[2] H. Mutsuyoshi, “Recent Technology of Pre-stressed

Concrete bridges in Japan” Aug 2010.

[3] S. Ikeda Yokohama,” Japan development of extra-dosed

structures in bridge construction” Aug 2000.

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 980