OPHTHALMOLOGY MNEMONICS FOR MEDICAL EXAMS 

Keratoconus Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome

Use CONES Use ICE

Central scarring and Fleischer ring Iris Naevus

Oil drop reflex / Oedema (hydrops) Chandler Syndrome
Nerves prominent Essential Iris Atrophy

in
Excessive bulging of lower lid on downgaze
(Munson’s sign)
Striae (Vogt’s)

s.
Behcet's Disease Posterior Scleritis

Use ORAL UPSET Use POST SCLER

Occlusive periphlebitis Proptosis

Retinitis
Anterior uveitis
Leakage from retinal vessels
iim Ophthalmoplegia
Swelling of disc
Thickening of sclera (US/CT) & T sign
(fluid in sub-Tenon’s space)
Ulceration (aphthous/genital) Subretinal exudates
Pustules after skin trauma (Pathergy test) Choroidal foLds
Scratching leaves lines (dermatographism) Exudative RD
4a
Erythema nodosum Ring choroidal detachment
Thrombophlebitis

Causes of Choroidal neovascular membrane Causes of trabecular pigmentation

with HAMMAR with PIGMENT
m

Use HAMMAR Use PIGMENT

Histoplasmosis Pseudoexfoliation & Pigment dispersion

ARMD syndrome
Ai

Multifocal Choroiditis Iritis

Myopia Glaucoma (Post angle closure
Angiod Glaucoma)
Rupture of the choroid Melanosis of angle (oculodermal
melanosis)
Endocrine (Diabetes & Addison’s
Syndrome)
  OPHTHALMOLOGY MNEMONICS FOR MEDICAL EXAMS 

Naevus (Cogan-reese syndrome)

Trauma

Sterilization in ophthalmology with Ocular structures derived from

ABCDEFG neuroectoderm with MORE

Use ABCDEFG Use MORE

in
AUTOCLAVE Muscles of pupil
BOILING Optic Nerve
CHEMICALS like Alcohol (Rectified spirit), Retina (with RPE)
Isopropyl alcohol/CIDEX: 2% Glutaraldehyde Epithelium of Iris

s.
DRY HEAT temperature of 150°C is used for 90 Epithelium of Cilliary Body
minutes
ETHYLENE OXIDE for sterilization of IOL etc.
FUMIGATION of operation theatre/ FORMALIN
vapour iim
GAMMA-IRRADIATION: Gamma rays from
Cobalt-60

Structures derived from surface ectoderm Stromal dystrophies

Use S1-L2-E3 Use Marilyn Monroe Always Gets Her

4a
Man in LA City
Skin of Eyelids and its derivatives viz. cilia, tarsal
Macular dystrophy
glands, conjunctival gland
Mucopolysaccharide
Lens,
Alcian blue
Lacrimal Gland,
Epithelium of Conjunctiva,
m

Granular Dystrophy
Epithelium of Cornea,
Hyaline material
Epithelium of lacrimal passage
Masson's Trichrome

Lattice Dystrophy
Ai

Amyloid
Congo Red
  OPHTHALMOLOGY MNEMONICS FOR MEDICAL EXAMS 

Drugs causing cataract with ABCD Causes of Monocular diplopia

Use ABCD Use ABCD

Amiodarone Astigmatism
Busulphan Behavioral: psychogenic

in
Chlorpromazine Cataract
Dexamethasone Dislocated lens

s.
Microtropia with 3 A Refractive indices of ocular media

Use 3 A Use 8303 (from anterior to

posterior)
Anisometropia
Angle small

scotoma)
iim
Absent central field (Central suppression
Cornea 1.38
Aq humour 1.33
Lens 1.40
Vit humour 1.33
4a
Types of colorblindness with TuB PaR DoG Causes of lid retraction with 4 MP

Use TuB PaR DoG Use 4 MP

TRITANOPIA = BLUE 4M= Marcus Gunn jaw winking

PROTANOPES = RED syndrome,Myotonic causes like
DEUTERANOPES= GREEN dystrophia myotonica.Metabolic causes
m

like uraemia,cirrhosis

4P=Parinaud's syndrome,Parkinson's
Disease/Progressive supranuclear
Ai

palsy,Palsy (aberrant III cranial nerve

regeneration)
  OPHTHALMOLOGY MNEMONICS FOR MEDICAL EXAMS 

Content & veins draining the Cavernous Causes of pseudotumor cerebri with
Sinus with Rule of 3 " Idiopathic IDEA"

Use Rule of 3 Use " Idiopathic IDEA"

3 Afferent veins: Sphenoparietal sinus (Vault Idiopathic

veins), Supf Middle cerebral Vein (Brain),
Ophthalmic vein (Orbit) Infections-Otitis media,mastoiditis,viral

in
3 Efferent Veins: Superior petrosal sinus, Inferior infections etc
Petrosal Sinus, Communicating vein to pterygoid
plexus Drugs-Steroid withdrawal,Vitamin A
3 Contents; Cranial Nerves (III,IV, V1,V2 & VI) intoxication,Nalidixic

s.
3 Areas Drain into it: Vault Bones, Brain acid,amiodarone,cyclosporine,minocycli
(Cerebral Hemisphere), Orbit ne
3 Nerves: Motor(III,IV,VI),Sensory (V1,V2),
Sympathetic Endocrine-obese,amenorrheic women of

iim childbearing age, Hypoparathyroidism

Anaemia

Causes of downbeat nystagmus with Characteristics of congenital

DoWNBEAT nystagmus with CONGENITAL
4a
Use DoWNBEAT Use CONGENITAL

Degeneration,Demyelination or Drugs (Lithium) Convergence & eye closure dampens

Wernicke's Encephalopathy Oscillopsia absent

m

Neoplasm or paraneoplastic cerebellar Null zone that is present,increases

degeneration foveation time which results in
increased acuity
Brainstem disease (Syringomyelia)
Gaze position does not change the
Ai

Encephalitis horizontal direction of nystagmus

Arnold-Chiari malformation Equal amplitude and frequency in each

eye
Trauma or Toxin
Near acuity is good
  OPHTHALMOLOGY MNEMONICS FOR MEDICAL EXAMS 

Inversion of optokinetic response

Turning of head to acheive null point

Abolishes in sleep

Latent (occlusion) nystagmus occurs

in
"DWARF" for describing Nystagmus Characteristics of Parinaud's Dorsal
Midbrain Syndrome with "CLUES"

Use "DWARF" "CLUES"

s.
Direction=plane of movement-horizontal,vertical Convergence retraction nystagmus

Waveform= Pendular or Jerky Light Near Dissociation

Amplitude= fine or coarse

iim
Rest=At primary position or gaze evolked
Upgaze paralysis

Eyelid retraction

Frequency= How often the eye moves Skew deviation

4a
Ocular features of acromegaly with ACROM Systemic features of Marfan
syndrome with MARFANS

Use ACROM Use MARFANS

Angioid streaks Mitral prolapse

m

Chiasmal syndrome Aortic dissection

Retinopathy Regurgitant aortic valve

Ai

Optic atrophy,papilloedema Fingers long (arachnodactyly)

Muscle enlargement Arm span>height

Nasal voice (high arched palate)

 OPHTHALMOLOGY MNEMONICS FOR MEDICAL EXAMS 

Sternal excavation

Ocular features of Marfan’s syndrome with Angle structures with "I Can See
CLUMPS Till Schwalbe's Line"

Use CLUMPS Use "I Can See Till Schwalbe's Line"

Iris root

in
Cupping (glaucoma)

Lattice Ciliary Body

Upward lens subluxation Scleral spur

s.
Myopia Trabecular Meshwork

Cornea Plana Schwalbe's Line

Sclera blue
iim
MNEMONICS FROM OTHER IMPORTANT TOPICS:

Complications of FALCIPARUM Clinical Features of Down Syndrome :

4a
FALCIPARUM SHIT-DOWN-SYNDROME

F-Fever(blackwater) S- Short neck

A- ARDS H- Hair thin
L-Low blood sugar I- IQ level (20-75)
C-Cerebral malaria T- Transient Leukemoid reaction
m

I-Infections D- Duodenal Atresia

P-Pulmonary edema O- Occiput Flat
A-Anemia W- Wide Ulnar loop
R-Renal failure S- Simian crease
Ai

U-Urine output decrease Y- Yellow skin (jaundice)

M-Metabolic acidosis N- No fertility
D- Delayed fontanelles closure
R- Rolling eye
O- Only male infertility, female fertile
M- Mentally ill
E- Epicanthic folds
 OPHTHALMOLOGY MNEMONICS FOR MEDICAL EXAMS 

Sarcoidosis Clinical Findings : Hyperprolactinemia Causes

Use SARCOIDOSIS Use PROLACTINS

S- Skin findings (Erythema Nodosum, Plaques) P- Pregnancy

A- Arrythmias R- Reserpine
R- Renal stone O- OCPs

in
C- Cranial Nerve Palsies L- Lactation
O- Osteoporosis A- Antidepressant Drugs
I- Interstitial Lung disease C- Chronic Renal Failure
D- Diabetes Inspidus T- Tumor of Pituitary

s.
O- Ocular findings (Uveitis, Photophobia) I- Idiopathic
S- Splenomegaly N- Nipple Stimulation
I- Inguinal Lymph node enlargement S- Stress
S- Stridor

iim
Cushing Syndrome Clinical Features

Use MOONS HAPPENED

M- Moon Face
4a
O- Obesity
O- Osteoporosis
N- Neurological Problems
S- Striae
H- Hirsutism , Hypertension
A- Acne
m

P- Plethora
P- Peptic Ulcer
E- Edema
N- No Sexual Desire (Libido,Impotence)
D- Diabetes Mellitus
Ai