RENOIR

HYPERION
 N

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The Hilla von Rebay Foundation

 MASTERS IN ART

RENOIR

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PORTRAIT OF A YOUNG GIRL Louvre Museum. Paris
HYPERION MINIATURES

RENOIR
BY

ANDRE LECLERC

THE HYPERION PRESS

New York • Paris • London
 Printed in the United States of America

Copyright 1948, by The Hyperion Press, Inc.

New York, N. Y. *
 RECL1MXG WOMAN Durand-Ruel

"'T'HE
RENOIR
essential thing in art cannot be explained.'* This phrase of Renoir's
-* places him outside and above any definite rule to which his manner
of painting could be reduced. His art is nothing if not spontaneous; it serves
to illustrate no theory, it has no social portent and no concern with the real-
istic trend of his time. To our modern eyes it needs no explanation ;it is, as

a whole, the nearest possible approach to art for art's sake.

Pierre- Auguste Renoir was born at Limoges on February 25th, 1841.
When he was three, his father, a struggling tailor, gave up trying to eke out
a livelihood in the provincial town and brought his family to Paris where
opportunities seemed greater. He prospered no better, however, and was un-
able to give his children, of whom there were five, more than an elementary
education, which the streets of Paris completed to Renoir's advantage. From
early childhood the boy showed talent not only was he good at drawing and
;

painting but also, it is said, his voice was noticed by the school inspector,
who at that time happened to be Gounod.
Upon leaving school, Renoir earned his living by decorating china,
window-blinds, fans, anything that came his way. His ambition, however,
was to paint "real pictures," and with this in view he entered the studio of
Gleyre, an academic painter then in great repute. There he met Monet and
Sisley, amongst other young painters, all of whom, and in particular Frederic

[51
Bazille, became his friends and influenced him profoundly. Thev were all
interested in the new, realistic ideas as upheld by Courbet and Manet in
defiance of public taste.
was Renoir who, finding Gleyre's academic tuition stifling, suggested
It

to his friends that they strike out on their own. Under Monet's leadership
and the patronage of the aristocratic Degas, the group started to study by
themselves the magic -of lfght and the mingling in the eye of primary colors
set side by side according to the theories of Chevreul. They discussed their
ideas and attempts every evening at the Cafe Guerbois, where they were
joined by Pissarro, Cezanne and his friend Zola, as well as other painters and
writers, most of whom became well-known. On fine days they met at Bar-
bizon or in the country-side nearer Paris. Their practice was to paint in the
open and not in the false light of the studio as had hitherto been the rule.
Renoir, however, had no hard and fast habits. Sometimes he found out-
door light disturbing and preferred to paint in his studio on Montmartre. He
also disliked the rough aspect given to painting by the juxtaposition of
touches; most of his pictures have a smooth surface. He did not avoid the
use of black and was a slave to no theory, beauty being his only aim.
He greatly differed from his friends not only in his manner of painting
but also in his choice of subjects. Monet chiefly painted landscapes in which
he strove to catch the very vibration of light, whilst Cezanne, to whom
painting did not come easily, pursued form and color in still lifes and land-
scapes of a geometrical design. Degas in his Dancers studied movement and
line while his laundresses and realistic nudes portray social interest and pity.
As for Renoir, his passion was for the human form with no ideas attached.
He found nothing more beautiful than the texture of skin, the molding of
breasts and hips, the chubbiness of children, the play of light on hair. All
his models are full of health and high spirits and sunlight pervades nearly
all his paintings.
The war of 1870, during which Renoir served in a remount depot at
Tarbes, broke up for a while the group of friends, but when it was over they
all returned to Paris, except Frederic Bazille, Renoir's particular crony, who
was killed.

In 1873, Renoir settled down to paint in real earnest and moreover

found a purchaser for his works; Durand-Ruel, a picture dealer who from the
very first had encouraged the young group.
following year is a date in the history of the movement; for the
The
firsttime the friends organised an Exhibition which created the greatest
sensation since the Salon des Refuses of 1863. It was in 1874 that Monet,
Renoir, Pissarro, Sislev, Berthe Morisot and their companions were called
[6]
WASHERWOMEN Louvre Museum. Paris [7]
 ROWERS AT BOUGIVAL Durant-Ruel

derisively "Impressionists" by a journalist who found the title of one of

Monet's pictures no less amusing than the painting itself.
Strange as it may seem to us, the critics of the day failed to see any
beauty in the works of Renoir and his friends. They were puzzled by Renoir's
sunlight filtering through the foliage and wondered what those "livid" spots
on the people really meant. The brilliancy and lightness of the colors dis-
mayed them, and they were appalled by the liberty with which the "Impres-
sionists" changed the accepted aspect of objects when seen from a distance.
He went to Italy, where he met Wagner and painted his portrait; he also
visited Spain and Northern Africa. He did not, however, give way to exotic-
ism, and comparatively few pictures show the influence of a change of scene.

[8]
 THE SEINE AT CHATOU The Art Gallery of Toronto

His chief interest lay in the museums of Italy and Spain; indeed Renoir
disliked travelling and found no lack of subjects athome.
After his final return to France, hislife was uneventful; his painting
and his family absorbed him He
often painted his three small sons:
entirely.
Pierre, Jean and the youngest, Claude, known as "Coco." Most of his other
models were servant-girls, and for that matter it is said that he made every
woman within reach sit for him, dressed or nude, provided she were young
and reasonably plump and that her skin "held the light well." He had no
use for thin women, nor did he ever paint winter landscapes, people at work,
or anything that was not an expression of the sheer joy of living.

[9]
 YOUNG GIRL LOOKING AT FLOWERS
Fransworth Museum, Wellesley College

Early in middle age he was afflicted by rheumatism which obliged him

to spend his winters in the south of France. After several seasons at Magag-
nosc, Le Cannet, Antibes, he finally settled down at Cagnes and lived there
all the year round. Fame had reached him and admirers came to see him
from all over the world.
Neither illness nor even the death of his wife prevented Renoir from
painting every day of his life, from early morning until late at night. His
[10]
 THE DREAMER, Courtesy City Art Museum, St. Louis

enthusiasm never abated and when he painted landscapes or flowers, or espe-

cially fruit, he endowed them always with the rounded tenderness, the
velvety, caressing grace of his nudes and portraits of chubby little girls and
soft-haired young women.
He loved oil-paint which was his chief medium, although he sometimes
used watercolors or pastels and often drew or etched. His canvases were
always highly glazed and carefully prepared. He painted quickly, modelling,
smoothing out his figures; when he felt the flesh would be pleasant to pat,
he knew his work was finished. To the last he painted, inspired by the love
of light and of woman's harmony, the brush tied to his paralyzed fingers.
He died of a stroke, on December 3rd, 1919, at Cagnes.
AXDRE LECLERC r ,
[11]
 PORTRAIT OF CEZANNE
121 Courtesy The Art Institute of Chicago R. A. Waller Fund
 *W.

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HALF-LENGTH STUDY OF JEANNE SAMARY

Museum of Art Occidental, Moscow [13]
 A GIRL WITH A WATERING CAN detail
14] National Gallery of Art. Washington D. C. Chester Dale Collection.
 LE BALL A BOUGIVAL
Collection Museum of Fine Arts. Boston [15]
 THE GIRL WITH THE WATERING CAN National Gallery of Art.
[18] Washington, D. C. Chester Dale Collection, Loan
GABRIELLE WITH A ROSE, Louvre Museum, Paris [19]
 LE BAL A BOUGIVAL detail
[20] Collection Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
HEAD OF A CHILD Denver Art Museum [21:
[22] MOTHER AND CHILD Albright Art Gallery, Buffalo
 "

WOMAN WRITING Carroll Carstairs Gallery, New York [23]

 PORTRAIT OF MLLE. ROMAIXE LACAUX
124] The Cleveland Museum of Art. Hanna Fund
HEAD OF A YOUNG GIRL Collection Sam A. Lewisohn [25]
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(28] TWO LITTLE CIRCUS GILRS Art Institute of Chicaso
 IN THE MEADOW detail
Courtesy Lewisohn Collection, N. Y.
[29]
 MOTHER AND CHILD
[30] Private Collection. San Francisco
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ROSES IN A BLUE VASE Bignou Gallery. New York f 31 ]
[321 THE LUNCHEON Photo Durand-Ruel
THE BOX Collection Samuel Courtauld, London [33]
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TWO YOUNG GIRLS AT THE PIANO

1 34] Collection Society of Liberal Arts. Jocelnv Memorial. Omaha
THE DANCER National Gallery of Art. Washington. D. C.
Widener Collection. [35]
[36] THE READER Louvre Museum, Paris
THE MANDOLIN PLAYER Private Collection [37]
[38] CLAUDE AT THE EASEL The- Metropolitan Museum of Art
BABY Albright Art Gallery. Buffalo [39]
 THREE BATHERS The Cleveland Museum of Art,
(40] Purchased by IncomeJ. H. Wade Fund
BATHERS WITH A CRAB Durand-Ruel [41]
[42] PORTRAIT OF A WOMAN Louvre Museum. Paris
 I

[43]
THE SOURCE Durand-Ruel
[44] SELF-PORTRAIT Mr. William H. Taylor. Philadelphia
PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST'S FATHER
Courtesy of the City Art Museum, St. Louis [45]
 Leclerc, Andre"
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RENOIR . New York, Crown ,
TITLE

DATE BORROWER'S NAME DATE

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