Week 2 Exercises Solutions
Week 2 Exercises Solutions
2
Exercises
Solutions
S3E1
We
will
use
the
numbers:
R1
=1800,
R2
=
1000,
V1
=
10,
and
V2
=
-‐3.3.
1. Select a reference node as the ground. In this case, it has already been chosen for you.
2. Label
voltages
of
the
remaining
nodes
with
respect
to
this
reference
ground:
In
this
case,
we
have
V1,
-‐V2,
and
e
(this
is
the
only
unknown).
3. Write
KCL
for
the
necessary
nodes.
In
this
case,
only
need
to
do
it
for
the
unknown
node
e.
a.
(e-‐V1)/R1
+
(e-‐(-‐V2))/R2
=
0
-‐-‐>
(e-‐v1)/R1
+
(e+V2)/R2
=
(e-‐10)/1800
+
(e+(-‐3.3)/1000
=
0
5. Back
solve
for
branch
voltages
and
currents
if
any.
In
this
case,
there
is
no
other
voltages/currents
that
need
to
be
solved.
So,
in
summary,
you
just
need
to
define
the
unknown
node
voltage
e
and
then
use
KCL
at
node
e
with
the
following
equation:
(e-‐V1)/R1
+
(e+V2)/R2
=
0
-‐-‐>
(e-‐10)/1800
+
(e+(-‐3.3)/1000
=
0
and
you
will
get
the
answer
for
e.
From
the
positive
node
of
V1
to
the
negative
node
of
V2,
there
is
a
potential
drop
of
V1
+
V2
=
6.7
V,
because
of
two
voltage
sources
in
series.
We
then
find
the
current
passing
through
the
resistors
by
using
an
equivalent
resistor
(Req
=
R1
+
R2
=
2800),
and
using
V
=
IR
to
find
current
I
=
V/R
=
0.0024.
We
then
find
the
voltage
drop
over
R1
to
be
V
=
IR
=
4.31.
This
is
the
drop
from
V1,
so
we
find
V1
–
V
=
10
-‐
4.31
=
5.69.
S3E2
1.
2.
I1 = (V3 – V1) / R1 = (V1 * R2R3/(R2R3 + R1R2 + R1R3) + V2 * R1R3 / (R2R3 + R1R2 + R1R3) -‐ V1) * 1 / R1
= V1 * R2R3 / (R1*(R2R3 + R1R2 + R1R3) ) -‐ V1 / R1 + R3V2 / (R2R3 + R1R2 + R1R3)
3.
Similarly
I2 = (V3 – V2 ) / R2 = (V1 * R2R3/(R2R3 + R1R2 + R1R3) + V2 * R1R3 / (R2R3 + R1R2 + R1R3) – V2 ) * 1 / R2
= V2 * R1R3 / (R2*(R2R3 + R1R2 + R1R3) ) – V2 / R2 + R3Vf1/ (R2R3 + R1R2 + R1R3)
S3E3
Initial
values
R1
=
1
Ω,
R2
=
2
Ω,
R3
=
7
Ω,
V1
=
4V
and
V2
=
7V
Voltage across R3 = V3 which is same as in S3E2
so, x1 = V1 * R2R3 / (R2R3 + R1R2 + R1R3) and x2 = V2* R1R3 / (R2R3 + R1R2 + R1R3)
current going into resistor R1 is I1 which we solved for in S3E2
so, y1 = -‐(R1R3 + R1R2)V1 / (R1(R2R3 + R1R2 + R1R3) ) and y2 = R3V2 / (R2R3 + R1R2 + R1R3)
S3E4
Initial
values
V2
=
5V,
R1
=
5600
Ω,
R2
=
5600
Ω
Using
voltage
divider,
and
taking
the
open
circuit
voltage
at
the
output,
VTH
=
Vs
*
R2/(R1+R2)
=
2.5V
S3E5
Initial
values
RP
=
1.6MΩ,
RS
=
11kΩ,
RL
=
100kΩ
and
I
=
4.408
uA
1.
2.
3.
Using voltage divider on the combination of the Thevenin equivalent and load,
S3E6
Initial
values,
RP
=
1.6
MΩ,
RS
=
14kΩ
and
I
=
1.045
uA
IN = I = 1.045uA
RN is found by turning the current source to an open circuit
We can get current IL flowing through the load by using current divider on the center node
= 1.045*.1*1.628/1.728 = 0.098V
S4E1
Part
1
The
forbidden
zone
is
VIH
–
VIL.
Part
2
Low-‐level
noise
margin
is:
VIL
–
VOL.
Part
3
High-‐level
noise
margin
is:
VOH
–
VIH.
S4E2
Part
1
First,
look
at
2
Boolean-‐valued
signals:
X1
and
X2.
There
are
4
possible
values:
00=0,
01=1,
10=2,
11=3.
Part
2
How
many
ways
are
there
of
assigning
outputs
to
4
input
values?
(0, 1, 2, 3) -‐> (0, 0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0, 1), (0, 0, 1, 0), ..., (1, 1, 1, 1).
This
means
that
for
two
Boolean-‐valued
signals:
X1
and
X2,
we
can
have
16
Boolean-‐valued
functions
where
first
function
f1(X1,
X2):
and so on. So, there are ((2^(2^2))=16 Boolean-‐valued functions for 2 Boolean-‐valued signals.
So, in general, there are (2^2^n) Boolean-‐valued functions for n Boolean-‐valued signals as inputs.
Part
3
Likewise,
for
3
signals,
there
are
2^3
=
8
distinct
values
that
can
be
represented.
Part
4
Therefore,
there
are
(2^(2^3))=256
distinct
Boolean-‐valued
functions
for
3
signals.
S4E3
Part
1
Circuit
one
is
(A
or
B)
and
(Not
C),
while
Circuit
two
is
(A
and
B)
or
(Not
C).
Based
on
that,
we
can
see
that
it
is
circuit
2.
Part
2
a
is
(0
and
0)
or
(not
1)
is
0
or
0,
which
gives
0.
Part
3
d
is
(1
and
0)
or
(not
0)
gives
0
or
1,
thus,
1.
Part
3
c
is
(0
and
1)
or
(not
1)
is
0.
Part
4
e
is
(1
and
0)
or
(not
1),
which
is
0.