Table of Content

Contents

1.Title Page
2. Table of Contents

3.List of Graphs

4.Body

4.1: Introduction :

4.2 History of unemployment in Bangladesh

4.3 Cause of unemployment

4.4 Bangladesh unemployment Rate

4.5 Effect of unemployment problem:

4.6 UNDP report about Bangladesh:

4.7 Unemployment is turning into a very

serious issue

4.8 District wise Unemployment

Recommendations

Conclusion

List of References
Body:
4.1: Intoduction:

Unemployment means the state of being without any work both for the educated
and uneducatedfor earning one’s livelihood. Unemployment problem has become a
great concern all over theworld. But nowhere in the world is this problem as acute
as in Bangladesh. Thousands of peoplein our country are without any
job.Unemployment scenario of the graduate level in Bangladeshhas been a serious
problem. Lately, graduates are more prone to acquire business education,which is
more transferable to the job. Despite that, the business graduates are frustrated with
the burden of education, as there are concurrent occurrences of joblessness.
However, the prevalentdilemma of employability appears, as there are imbalances
due to expected skills/qualifications by the ultimate employers.
Description:4.2 History of unemployment in Bangladesh:
Historically for a long time British administration was the main cause of this
problem. After ending Mughol reign when British came in Sub continent (India,
Pakistan, Bangladesh) theystarted to do business, they exploited the sub-continent.
They did not establish any Industrywhich is helpful to remove the unemployment
problem. Though some Industry was made but allof them were placed in Indian
Territory. So Bangladesh region was neglected from the British period. After
ending British rule in 1947 Pakistan adopted the same rule they established
allkinds of Industry in West Pakistan not in East Pakistan. As a result of Pakistani
monopoly rulewe saw the freedom fighting war in 1971. After nine months
continuous war it is divided andnamed East Pakistan as a Bangladesh. After 1971
Bangladesh has been facing political crisis badly. As a result no government can
take long term massive step to remove the unemployment problem. Within 37
years Bangladesh has experience about eight new governments and
twoassassination incident at the top level country leader. So now political crisis is
one of the major causes of unemployment problem in Bangladesh. Among others
two major parties BNP andAowamileague are busy to gain only political power.
None of these parties are trying to do anything to solve the country’s major
problem “UNEMPLOYEMENT PROBLEM” Recentattitude and activity of
political parties are very hateful to the common people. By election if a party goes
to power then another party cannot accept that, they do not go to parliament they
do not express constructive opinion in the parliament which is helpful for common
people. But they should not do it. May be there is some discrimination of the
election result but there are overall acceptation of the common people.
4.3 Cause of unemployment:
 Rapid Population Growth

 Limited land

 Fragmentation of land

 Backward Method of Agriculture

 Decline of Cottage Industries

 Defective education

 Inadequate Employment Planning

Rapid Population Growth:

It is the leading cause of unemployment in Rural Bangladesh, particularly in rural
areas, the population is increasing rapidly. It has adversely affected the
unemployment situation largely in two ways. In the first place, the growth of
population directly encouraged the unemployment by making large addition to
labour force. It is because the rate of job expansion could never have been as highs
population growth would have required. It is true that the increasing labour force
requires the creation of new job opportunities at anin creasing rate. But in actual
practice employment expansion has not been sufficient to match the growth of the
labor force, and to reduce the back leg of unemployment. This leads to
unemployment situation secondly; the rapid population growth indirectly affected
the unemployment situation by reducing the resources for capital formation. Any
rise in population, over a large absolute base as in India, implies a large absolute
number. It means large additional expenditure on their rearing up, maintenance,
and education. As a consequence, more resources get used up in private
consumption such as food, clothing, shelter and some on in public consumption
like drinking water, electricity medical and educational facilities. This has reduced
the opportunities of diverting a larger proportion of incomes to saving and
investment. Thus, population growth has created obstacles in the way of first
growth of the economy and retarded the growth of job opportunities.
 
Limited land:
 
Land is the gift of nature. It is always constant and cannot expand like population
growth. Since, the population rate in Bangladesh increasing rapidly, therefore, the
land is not sufficient for the growing population. As a result, there is heavy
pressure on the land. In rural areas, most of the people depend directly on land for
their livelihood. Land is very limited in comparison to population. It creates the
unemployment situation for a large number of persons who depend onagriculture
in rural areas.

Fragmentation of land: 
In Bangladesh, due to the heavy pressure on land of large population results the
fragmentationof land. It creates a great obstacle in the part of agriculture. As land
is fragmented andagricultural work is being hindered the people who depend on
agriculture remain unemployed.This has an adverse effect on the employment
situation. It also leads to the poverty of villagers.
 
Backward Method of Agriculture:
 The method of agriculture in Bangladesh is very backward. Till now, the rural
farmers followedthe old farming methods. As a result, the farmer cannot feed
properly many people by the produce of his farm and he is unable to provide his
children with proper education or to engagethem in any profession. It leads to
unemployment problem.

Decline of Cottage Industries: 

In Rural Bangladesh, village or cottage industries are the only mans of
employment particularlyof the landless people. They depend directly on various
cottage industries for their livelihood.But, now-a-days, these are adversely affected
by the industrialization process. Actually, it isfound that they cannot compete with
modern factories in matter or production. As a result of which the village industries
suffer a serious loss and gradually closing down. Owing to this, the people who
work in there remain unemployed and unable to maintain their livelihood

Defective education: 
The day-to-day education is very defective and is confirmed within the class room
only. Itsmain aim is to acquire certificated only. The present educational system is
not job oriented, it isdegree oriented. It is defective on the ground that is more
general then the vocational. Thus, the people who have getting general education
are unable to do any work. They are to be called asgood for nothing in the ground
that they cannot have any job here, they can find the ways of self employment. It
leads to unemployment as well as underemployment.

Inadequate Employment Planning: 

The employment planning of the government is not adequate in comparison to
populationgrowth. In India near about two million of people are added yearly to
our existing population.But the employment opportunities did not increase
according to the proportionate rate of  population growth. As a consequence, a
great difference is visible between the job opportunitiesand population growth.On
the other hand it is a very difficult task on the part of the Government to provide
adequate job facilities to all the people. Besides this, the government also does not
take adequate step inthis direction. The faulty employment planning of the
Government expedites this problem to agreat extent. As a result the problem of
unemployment is increasing day by day
4.4 Bangladesh unemployment Rate:
 
According to figure no-1
 
Unemployment Rate in Bangladesh decreased to 4.50 percent in 2010 from5.10
percent in 2009. Unemployment Rate in Bangladesh is reported by theBangladesh
Bureau of Statistics. Historically, from 2003 until 2010,Bangladesh
Unemployment Rate averaged 4.6 Percent reaching an all timehigh of 5.1 Percent
in December of 2009 and a record low of 4.3 Percent inDecember of 2006. In
Bangladesh, the unemployment rate measures thenumber of people actively
looking for a job as a percentage of the labourforce. This page includes a chart
with historical data for BangladeshUnemployment Rate.

4.5 Effect of unemployment problem:

The effects of rural-urban migration in Bangladesh are analyzed to identify a

relationship between migration and underdevelopment. Poverty, unemployment
and natural hazardsappear to be the main reasons for the rural exodus. The
preference for moving to a largecity is found to be determined by the urban bias in
planning both by national andinternational authorities, and by the public amenities
and resources available in the urbanareas. An analysis of the levels and trends in
urbanization reveals the notable role.Rural-urban migration in the rapid growth of
the urban population. Most migrants areyoung, unmarried males of working age. A
case study of migrants in Dhaka Cityillustrates the reasons for and consequences of
migration. It is concluded that rural-urbanmigration is mainly a survival strategy of
the rural poor. To think about greater welfare of thecountry they should keep
patient, they should support the Government they should assist theGovernment to
take the long term strategy to remove the unemployment problem. If we
watchtowards Japan, Korea, Malaysia what we will see? Due to Industrialization
they have changed alot. Without Industrialization no nation can expect strong
economic basement and solution of unemployment problem. After political
settlement the first and foremost thing for Bangladesh is,to build up industry to
remove the unemployment problem. If they can assure the political calmand stable
situation, then foreigner will come to invest in manufacturing sector to build
newindustry. In this respect Transportation, Road and Highway, Electricity should
be reconstructedstrongly otherwise everything will be failed. Especially
Automobile and Electronics Industry arethe major items to intensify a country’s
overall financial condition. Most of money is spent inthese two sectors. Lot of
population can be employed in this industry. Because by surrounding aautomobile
or electronics industry hundreds of supporting small industry will be built up. As
aresult a lot of people will be employed. In this respect Government should adopt a
strong andstrict policy about importing used car. After establishing automobile
industry they should banimport of all used car. Used car import is destroying the
environment and employmentopportunity. To intensify the overall industrialization
our Ambassadors who are employed indifferent countries specially Japan, Korea,
Malaysia, Singapore can help the Government toadopt strong, effective, active and
successful policy. Because they are well known with thosecountries environment,
government and people. They have practical and expert feeling about
thedevelopment policy in different sector of the respective country. We have
already wasted a lot of time. We don’t want to live as the poorest and neglected
nation in the world. We want our economic growth, our honor. We have a lot of
workforce and a lot of money in the Bank. Butdue to proper utilization and proper
development planning we are staying in back. In this regardPolitical leader,
Intellectual, Industrialist, Planner, Ambassador, Teacher Student and
migratedgeneration in abroad should contribute to achieve the country’s economic
progress. If we cantake proper steps to obtain our economic growth, then we can
remove our unemployment problem. God says if you want to love me try to love
people first. If you believe in God you haveto love people. Ask yourself according
your ability and responsibility how much has you done to help the people to help
the country? 80% People are living in rural area. After a long struggle avillage
parents educate his children helped them to grown up. They help them to gain
college or university degree. Rest duty is yours. That is Government. Yes It is
Government’s duty to provide job, to create job for our young generation. It is
fundamental duty of a Government tosolve the problem of Unemployment.
Bangladesh is one of the most populated country in theworld but according the
people's demand there is not enough job facilities.

4.6 UNDP report about Bangladesh:

Over the last 10 years Bangladesh has made impressive gains in key human
developmentindicators. In the 2004 UNDP Human Development Report,
Bangladesh ranked 138 among 177countries with an HDI score of 0.509, which
places it among countries considered to haveachieved medium human
development. This is the result of macroeconomic stability, low population growth,
increase in women’s empowerment, reduction in aid dependence, food self-
sufficiency, effective disaster management capacity, promoting non-governmental
organizations(NGOs), free and fair parliamentary elections, a vibrant, pluralist,
democratic civil societymarked by cultural activism and developmental debates,
and an active and free press.The UNDP Gender Development Index (GDI) for
2004 ranked Bangladesh 110 among 144countries, an increase of 13 positions
since 1999. This improvement reflects a closing of the gap between men and
women in key indicators such as life expectancy. However, a GEM ranking of 76
shows continued low levels of female representation in government, in decision-
making positions and in ownership of economic assets. A significant gender
disparity persists in bothincome and human poverty, especially at the lower end of
income distribution. The femaledisadvantage in child mortality has remained
persistent, while the female-male gap in acutemalnutrition has increased over the
past decade.The 1999-2000 Labor Force Survey estimates that of the 74.2 million
working age population(15 - 64 years), about 21.6 percent are employed for wages
and salaries, a two percent increasesince the 1995-96 LFS. However, while 33.9
percent of men work for wages, only 8.4 percent of women receive some form of
remuneration. There are an estimated 7.4 million working childrenout of which 3.2
million children are child laborers. Twenty four percent of the working population
is self-employed. Unemployment rates in Bangladesh, estimated at 4.3 percent, are
comparatively low due to pervasive under-employment and the large number of
peopleconsidered being out of the labor force. Unemployment rates are high
among the youth,especially among young men under the age of 30. There has been
a significant increase in thereports of violence across Bangladesh. Accurate
information regarding the nature and extent of violence in the country remains
scarce due to lack of data. There is, however, an emerging“culture of violence”
which is of rising concern. Violence within the family remains the mostunder-
reported crime in Bangladesh. Cases of marital violence are routinely labeled as
“domesticdisputes”, and as such do not merit assistance within families, let alone
police intervention. Thisreflects, among other things, the existing patrimonial
social structures that force woman into passive acceptance of violence. According
to government statistics, one woman is subjected toviolence every hour. Though
the Bangladesh Constitution is committed to the equality of rightsof all citizens,
there still remain significant sections of the population who are unable to
realizetheir right to development. A part of the process will necessarily involve
ensuring that the mostmarginalized and vulnerable groups – women, minorities,
children and others – do not get left behind amidst an overall positive scenario. It is
also important to focus on the guarantee of human security with the basic norms of
justice as a pre-condition for human development. Thecommitment to a transparent
government through the use of information technology for development is one
means of promoting accountability. The decentralization of administrativeand
financial responsibilities would help to accelerate the process. These are all
important stepstowards ensuring that citizens have ownership over the
development process. Finally, it isnecessary to focus on the crosscutting issues of
good governance and environmentalsustainability to ensure the achievement of the
MDGs and national development objectives. Inthe circumstances, one of the
biggest challenges to the Government remains ensuring the right to participation
and protection of the people of Bangladesh.

4.7 Unemployment is turning into a very serious issue:

 
According to a study of the International Labor Organization (ILO), the rate of
growth of unemployment in Bangladesh was 1.9 per cent in the decade of the
nineties. But thegrowth in unemployment currently is 3.7 per cent. The ILO figures
also show Bangladeshin the twelfth position among the top twenty countries in the
world where unemployment is rising. The number of the unemployed in
Bangladesh now is estimated at 30 million. The way the rate of unemployment is
increasing, it is feared that at this rate unemployment would soar to some 60
million by 2015. According to another estimate, every year some 2.7 million young
persons are becoming eligible for jobs whereas onlyabout 0.7 million of them are
getting employment. The number of the 'disguised unemployed' an economic term
meaning underemployed people or employed to a degreeless than their potential, is
some 32 percent. The huge number of the unemployed and the underemployed in
the workforce gives an idea of the number of the parasitic ones in the population.
Employed persons not only consume from the economy but they also contribute to
the economy through production activities and discharge of various services. The
unemployed people in contrast only live off the economy or their families and
society. They are an absolute burden on the state. Not only being liabilities in
theeconomic sense, politically and socially they are considered to be a source of
tension andturmoil. The linkage between unemployment and crimes is obvious.
Therefore, allgovernments in Bangladesh will need to address the unemployment
issue very seriouslyindeed before it turns worse. The recent floods and the
devastating Sidr storm plus therestructuring activities leading to retrenchment of
workers from state operatedenterprises, have added to the unemployment problem.
Government will have to start upurgently different work programmes like road
building and repairs, reconstruction of infrastructures, etc., especially in the rural
areas and continue them for some time, tomitigate the worst woes of the jobless
ones at the grass roots level . But for the mediumand longer terms, the present
interim government which is doing pathbreaking works invital areas, should also
adopt a plan of action to tackle unemployment. It can start such a plan and leave
gradual implementation of it to successor governments. Insufficientinvestments
have been frustrating the creation of new employment opportunities inBangladesh.
Government here needs to identify each of the factors that can contribute toa better
investment climate. The same would include improvement of law and order,much
lowering of the interest rate on borrowings, addition to and up gradation
of infrastructures to be supportive of enterprising, fiscal policies that create level
playing fields for local entrepreneurs in relation to foreign competitors, fiscal
incentives such astax reduction and tax exemption, etc. Government will need to
act imaginatively andeffectively in relation to each of the above factors and more
to improve the investmentclimate that in turn would accelerate economic activities
and make the desired impact onthe unemployment situation. However, there is also
a need to be clear about the policiesto be pursued to create employment. New
enterprises will absorb the unemployed. Butcapital intensive enterprises will
employ a smaller number than labour intensive oneswhich will understandably
employ a greater number. Thus, enterprise with labour intensive character should
be identified and encouraged. Government can make a bigcontribution towards
reducing unemployment by also building and operating a largenumber of training
institutions to train the jobless ones in different vocations for them to be fit enough
to take up employment in the country, to go abroad for doing jobs or toengage in
self-employment. Government's ample spending for skill development is all
themore necessary because private sectors may prefer not to invest in this area out
of aconsideration of low profits. The high costs of skill training under the private
sector isalso likely to exclude most seekers of such training on the ground of their
inability to payfor the training. Thus, government's role as a skill trainer is very
important. Butgovernment can expect to recover the investments it will make in
this area by receivingregular payments in installments from people who would get
jobs after such training.
 
4.8 District wise Unemployment:

There are several area wise unemployment tendencies in Bangladesh. Northern

districts of Rajshahi & Rangpur divisions face massive drought due to the rivers
drying up, many of thefarmers & agricultural workers have faced unemployment &
eventually had to move to other  professions. During the 70’s, the Sylhet districts
had major employment problem which leadmany of them to immigrate to UK &
other countries. In the hilly districts of the Chittagong whenthe “Joom” harvesting
was outlawed, many of the traditional aboriginal farmers had to facetemporary
unemployment. After non-CNG vehicles were removed from Dhaka, many
driversmoved to other districts to avoid unemployment.

Recommendations:

Government will need to act imaginatively and effectively in relation to each of the
above factors and more to improve the investment climate that in turn would
accelerate economic activities and make the desired impact on the unemployment
situation. However, there is also a need to be clear about the policies to be pursued
to create employment. New enterprises will absorb the unemployed. But capital
intensive enterprises will employ a smaller number than labour intensive ones
which will understandably employ a greater number. Thus, enterprise with labour
intensive character should be identified and encouraged. Government can make a
big contribution towards reducing unemployment by also building and operating a
large number of training institutions to train the jobless ones indifferent vocations
for them to be fit enough to take up employment in the country, to goabroad for
doing jobs or to engage in self-employment. Government's ample spending
for skill development is all the more necessary because private sectors may prefer
not to invest in this area out of a consideration of low profits. The high costs of
skill training under the private sector is also likely to exclude most seekers of such
training on theground of their inability to pay for the training. Thus, government's
role as a skill trainer is very important. But government can expect to recover the
investments it will make inthis area by receiving regular payments in instalments
from people who would get jobsafter such training.
Conclusion :

Unemployment is a great curse to a nation. We cannot expect the development of

our countryleaving its millions of the people unemployment to survive as a
boastful nation. We should makeall out efforts to get rid of this curse.
 
Analysis of this study tries to indicate this phenomenon byfocusing of the
skills/qualification (apart from degree, certificate, and diploma) that areconsidered
as important for graduates' employability by the corporate bodies of Bangladesh.
 

List of References:

 www.1888articles.com/unemployment
 problem-in-bangladesh-0107822.html

 http://www.academia.edu/859072/Unemployment_Problem_in_Bangladesh

 www.matrixsearches.com/article.php?id=153902&act=p

 www.scribd.com/doc/17481892/Unemployment-1

 http://www.scribd.com/doc/37606008/Unemployment-Problem-in-
Bangladesh-1 

 Bangladesh Bureau of statistics

 www.bbs.gov.bd/home.aspx