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What Are Dict and List Comprehensions?

Dict and list comprehensions allow for the creation of new lists, dictionaries, or sets from existing iterables in a concise way. They allow performing mathematical operations, filtering, combining multiple iterables, and flattening multi-dimensional lists in a single line of Python code, saving lines of code compared to more verbose alternatives. Examples demonstrate using comprehensions to square values, only include even values, combine multiple lists, and flatten a multi-dimensional list.

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22 views

What Are Dict and List Comprehensions?

Dict and list comprehensions allow for the creation of new lists, dictionaries, or sets from existing iterables in a concise way. They allow performing mathematical operations, filtering, combining multiple iterables, and flattening multi-dimensional lists in a single line of Python code, saving lines of code compared to more verbose alternatives. Examples demonstrate using comprehensions to square values, only include even values, combine multiple lists, and flatten a multi-dimensional list.

Uploaded by

ameetamarwadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 What are Dict and List comprehensions?

Python comprehensions, like decorators, are syntactic sugar constructs that help build


altered and filtered lists, dictionaries or sets from a given list, dictionary or set. Using
comprehensions, saves a lot of time and code that might be considerably more verbose
(containing more lines of code). Let's check out some examples, where comprehensions can
be truly beneficial:
• Performing mathematical operations on the entire list
my_list = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11]

squared_list = [x**2 for x in my_list] # list comprehension


# output => [4 , 9 , 25 , 49 , 121]

squared_dict = {x:x**2 for x in my_list} # dict comprehension


# output => {11: 121, 2: 4 , 3: 9 , 5: 25 , 7: 49}
• Performing conditional filtering operations on the entire list
my_list = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11]

squared_list = [x**2 for x in my_list if x%2 != 0] # list comprehension


# output => [9 , 25 , 49 , 121]

squared_dict = {x:x**2 for x in my_list if x%2 != 0} # dict comprehension


# output => {11: 121, 3: 9 , 5: 25 , 7: 49}
• Combining multiple lists into one
Comprehensions allow for multiple iterators and hence, can be used to combine multiple lists
into one.
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [7, 8, 9]

[(x + y) for (x,y) in zip(a,b)] # parallel iterators


# output => [8, 10, 12]

[(x,y) for x in a for y in b] # nested iterators


# output => [(1, 7), (1, 8), (1, 9), (2, 7), (2, 8), (2, 9), (3, 7), (3, 8), (3, 9)]
• Flattening a multi-dimensional list
A similar approach of nested iterators (as above) can be applied to flatten a multi-dimensional
list or work upon its inner elements.
my_list = [[10,20,30],[40,50,60],[70,80,90]]

flattened = [x for temp in my_list for x in temp]


# output => [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90]
Note:  List comprehensions have the same effect as the map method in other languages. They follow
the mathematical set builder notation rather than map and filter functions in Python.

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