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Topic 6: Graph of Trigonometric Functions DIM5058

1. This document discusses how to graph trigonometric functions by identifying their amplitude, period, and any shifts. It covers graphs of sine, cosine, tangent and their variations obtained through transformations. 2. Key characteristics covered include the domain, range, and period of the basic trig functions sine and cosine. It also discusses how to graph variations that involve amplitude changes, horizontal and vertical shifts, and phase shifts. 3. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to determine the parameters of transformed trig functions and graph them over at least one period.

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MD ROKNUZZAMAN
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13K views6 pages

Topic 6: Graph of Trigonometric Functions DIM5058

1. This document discusses how to graph trigonometric functions by identifying their amplitude, period, and any shifts. It covers graphs of sine, cosine, tangent and their variations obtained through transformations. 2. Key characteristics covered include the domain, range, and period of the basic trig functions sine and cosine. It also discusses how to graph variations that involve amplitude changes, horizontal and vertical shifts, and phase shifts. 3. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to determine the parameters of transformed trig functions and graph them over at least one period.

Uploaded by

MD ROKNUZZAMAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic 6: Graph of Trigonometric Functions DIM5058

Topic 6: Graph of Trigonometric Functions

Objectives:
1. Be able to sketch and apply the shifting techniques to all trigonometric
functions.
2. Understand the characteristics of a sinusoidal function and be able to find
the period and amplitude of this function

6.1 Graphs of Sine and Cosine Functions

Graph of y = sin x

x 0   2 5  7 4 3 5 11 2
6
3 2 3 6 6 3 2 3 6
y 0 1 3 1 3 1 0 
1 3 -1 3 
1 0
 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Properties of the Sine Function

 The domain is the set of all real numbers.


 The range consists of all numbers between –1 and 1 inclusive.
 The period is 2.
 The function is an odd function: sin (-x) = - sin x.

1
Topic 6: Graph of Trigonometric Functions DIM5058

Amplitudes and Periods

y = A sin Bx

2
The graph of y = A sin Bx has
B
 amplitude = A
Amplitude  A 2
Period =
B

2
 period  
B
Period : 2
Graphing Variations of y = sin x

1. Identify the amplitude and the period.


2. Find the values of x for the 5 key points – the 3 x–intercepts, the maximum
point, and the minimum point. Start with the value of x, where the cycle
period
begins and add quarter-periods – that is, - to find successive values
4
of x.
3. Find the values of y for the 5 key points by evaluate the function at each
value of x from step 2.
4. Connect the 5 key points with a smooth curve and graph one complete cycle
of the given function.
5. Extend the graph in step 4 to the left or right as desired.

Examples:
1. Determine the amplitude y = 3sinx. Then graph y = sin x and y=3sinx for
0  x  2 .
2. Determine the amplitude of y = 4sin x. Then graph y =sin x and y  4 sinx
for 0  x  2 .
3. Determine the amplitude and period of each function. Then graph one
period of function.
1
a) y  sin 4x b) y  2 sin x
2

2
Topic 6: Graph of Trigonometric Functions DIM5058

The Graph of y = A sin(Bx –c)

The graph of y = A sin(Bx  c) is obtained by


 horizontally shifting the graph of
Amplitude  A y = A sinBx so that the starting point of
 C
the cycle is shifted from x =0 to x  .
C B
x
B C
The number is called the phase shift.
B
2
2 amplitude = A , Period =
 period   B
B
Period : 2
Examples: Find the amplitude, period and phase shift of each function. Use
transformation to graph the function. Show at least one period.

a) y  4 sin(2x   ) b) y  3 sin(2x  )
2

The Graph of y = cos x



x 0   2 5  7 4 3 5 11 2
6
3 2 3 6 6 3 2 3 6
y 1 3 1 0 
1 3 -1 3 
1 0 1 3 1
 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

3
Topic 6: Graph of Trigonometric Functions DIM5058

Properties of the Cosine Function


 The domain is the set of all real numbers.
 The range consists of all numbers between –1 and 1 inclusive.
 The period is 2.
 The function is an even function: cos (-x) = cos x.

The graph of sine function and cosine function are called sinusoidal graphs,
because

cos x  sin(x  )
2

Graphing Variations of y = cos x


Use same steps to graph variations of y = cos x as we did for graphing
variations of y = sin x.

The Graph of y = A cos Bx


Amplitude  A The graph of y = A cos Bx has
2

B 2
amplitude = A , Period =
B

2
 period  
B
Period : 2
Examples: Determine the amplitude and period of each function. Then graph
one period of the function.
1
a) y  5cos 2x b) y  3 cos x
3

4
Topic 6: Graph of Trigonometric Functions DIM5058

The Graph of y = A cos (Bx-c)


The graph of y = A cos(Bx- c) is obtained by
horizontally shifting the graph of
 y = A cosBx so that the starting point of the
Amplitude  A C
 cycle is shifted from x =0 to x  .
C B
x C
B The number is called the phase shift.
B
2
amplitude = A , Period =
2 B
 period  
B
Period : 2
Examples: Find the amplitude, period and phase shift of each function. Graph
each function. Show at least one period.
2
a) y   cos(x  6) b) y  3cos(2x  4 )
3

Vertical shifts of Sinusoidal Graphs

y  A sin(Bx  c)  D and y  A cos(Bx  c)  D


 If D > 0, the shift is D units upward.
 If D < 0, the shifts is D units downward.
 The maximum is D + A
 The minumum is D - A

Examples: Graph one period of the function:


a) y = sinx +2 b) y = cos2x –1

5
Topic 6: Graph of Trigonometric Functions DIM5058

6.2 Graph of other Trigonometric Functions

The Graph of y =tan x

x 0   3  5 3 7 2
4 2 4 4 2 4
y 0 1 Undefined -1 0 1 Undefined -1 0

Properties of the tangent function

 The period : π
 Odd function with origin symmetry : tan(x) = tanx
 
 Undefined at & odd multiples of
2 2

Characteristics of the graph of y = tan x



 Domain: all real numbers except odd multiples of
2
 Range: all real numbers.

 Vertical asymptotes: at odd multiples of
2
 An x-intercept occurs midway between each pair of consercutive
asymptotes.
 Point of the graph midways between x-intercepts and consecutive
asymptotes have y-coordinates of –1 and 1.

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