CLASS : X -140- ENGLISH NOTES ‘SECTIONC © This section consists of 4 detailed answer questions all of which are to be answered © Q3: Write an essay of about 100 to 120 words. (08 Marks) © Qé4: Write an application fOR) A Letter (06 Marks) ° Q5: Translation Urdu to English (OR) Summary (05 Marks) Q6: Reading Comprehension (OR) Short Note (05 Marks) © Time allowed for section B and C together is 2 hours 30 Minutes Write an Essay of 100-120 words on any ONE of the following. The P. lity T Sil Res, Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W), the last of prophets, is my favorite and most reverenceful personality. Why do I like him it’s because of his simplicity, honesty and upright character. He descended from the linage of great prophets Ibrahim (A.S) and Ismail (A.S). He was born in a noble Hashmi familyat Macca, on 12” Rabi — ul — Awwal 571 A.D. The name of his father was Abdullah and his illustrious mother’s name was Amna. He was a posthumous child. Since his father had died before his birth and his mother too died shortly, therefore, he was brought up by his grandfather and after him, his uncle. Muhammad (S.A.W). had the habit of retiring to a cave Hira for meditation, It was in seclusion at Hira cave when he received the first revelation (Wahi) when he was 40 then at the command of Allah, he begin to preach Islam. Allah's chosen Prophet, Muhammad (S.A.W), was a kind and loving ruler, shrewd administrator, brave soldier and a practical man. He had led and fought several battles and Ghazwats against the infidels. He gave the lesson of love, tolerance peace, justice, equality and brotherhood to mankind. He has rightly been called the blessings for the whole of mankind. Muhammad (S.A.W) as 2 man had already died, but as @ prophet he left behind him a legacy in the form of the Holy Quran and Sunnah: I have tried to sum up some salient features about the life of this matchless personality. He was like “a walking Quran” embodying the laws of Almighty Allah. The greatest and eternal miracle of God's messages is the wise Quran. We can ‘succeed in this world and the world hereafter by following the teachings of our beloved Prophet (S.A.W). Li : f Musli di “Unity is strength”, that’s the lesson which is taught by our religion, Islam Muhammad (S.A.W), the last of prophets, always emphasized the Muslims to be united and hold the rope of Allah the most beneficent and merciful, with heart and soul. If we remind ourselves the rise of Islam and remarkable history of the former ‘A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING — By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : xX -141- ENGLISH NOTES 2. Muslims, who, during the days of Caliphate, once constituted highly esteemed Muslim empire, we shall find out that the real source of their greatness and superiority based upon the teachings of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) and the guidance of the Holy Quran and unity. Today we observe that almost every Muslim country is facing hardships in Preserving its freedom and international human rights. We become grieved to see that many Muslim countries are at war with each other as a result of the treason of fon ~ Muslims, who have always despised Islam and the unity of the Muslims frightens them. Even in our own country, our enemies seem successful in heinous acts of dividing us into many hostile groups and spreading tremendous extremism, fundamentalism and chaotic situation in the state. In recent years, we the Muslims of Pakistan, have seen such bloody scene and heard such abominable incidents of cruelty and tyranny, which have lowered our heads with shame, We should make us believe that we are nothing but Muslims and according to the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) “All the Muslims are brothers among themselves”. But unfortunately we have forgotten all these precious qualities and the teachings of the Holy Quran. If today we determine to be united, we will soon achieve our former glory again. Against Te mm Terrorism means extreme fear. It is an act of terrorizing which means to use force of threatening to demoralize and subjugate others. It is a form of violent action used to enforce the authorities or the government or communities for a special Purpose or to achieve political demands in a country or worldwide. Actually the rebels of a country make frantic efforts in order to pressurize the government to bring about a radical change in the domestic as well as foreign policies. It is the most disgusting and disputable crime one can ‘commit against humanity. These horrendous acts of terrorism have been going on unabated since donkey's years at international as well as in our country. Terrorism is pejorative term that seems to reflect a system rather than present the case for unjustified and unlimited violence. It’s no longer a problem of specific countries but an issue involving a number of internal aspects. The most heinous crime a terrorist commits is a suicide bomb blast, this clandestine act is done desperately in which hundreds and thousands of innocent people are killed. At the present age, terrorism has victimized the decent and peace loving people of this society. Factually peace and stability are the essential factors for the growth and prosperity of the nation. Every nation calls itself the best and tries to exploit the rights of others. Terrorism itself is the antithesis of human rights, Well-planned and coordinated Measures should be adopted to reduce the threat of global terrorism. In an open pluralistic society, physical security measures alone will not be enough to: combat terrorism. The inner strength of a democracy against terrorism lies in ‘citizen's determination. Anti-terrorism co-operation should be strengthened through a comprehensive global effort employing political, economic, military and loveable cultural means to win their hearts and minds. A PRESENTATION OFAAMIJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X -142- ENGLISH NOTES 4. 5 Blessings of Science Science is organized knowledge based on observation of facts and discovering of general laws governing the facts. The discoveries of the scientists have helped people to develop an attitude of open-mindedness. One of the glaring symbols of the march of science is the Machine. Present age is the age of machines. They are all around us at our beck and call. The Inventions of radio, television, aero planes, speeding cars and flying coaches are all for the benefit of man. Mechanization is the order of the day. Electricity has rendered yeoman service to man. He has passed it into service all walks of life. Darkness of our homes and streets has been dispelled. Electrical appliances are used for dishwashing,fioor sweeping and ironing the clothes. Room heaters are used for keeping the rooms warm in extreme cold, air conditioners for cooling in scorching heat and refrigerators for keeping edibles fresh. In short, ~ has proved to be a faithful domestic servant. People are indebted to the marvels of science for demolishing barriers of distance. It is nothing short of a miracle to bring people of different continents close together. The world has become a global village. Faster means of transport and ‘communication like buses, railways,aero-planes and steamships have rendered man mastery over land, sea and air. Radio, televisions, wireless, computer, internet and mobile cell are wonders of modern science. They are at our-service for entertainment and information. They keep us well-informed about world affairs. They play an important role in disseminating knowledge. Cinema provides us healthy recreation. The crowning triumphs of science are in the domain of health service. Terrible and chronic diseases have been overcome by science advancements in medicines and surgery have eliminated premature deaths and have helped to prolong life. In short, science has brought about marvelous changes in the various facials of human life. he ja in Educatin Televisions, radios or Internet connections, these media facllities provide people awareness of what is going on around them. Electronic as well as print media is an effective way of communication as it provides link between ordinary persons and others in the world, There are many different ways in which people communicate such as, through the phone, through personal encounters and by attending work place, schools seminars etc. though media is not the only communicative medium used to dispense the flow of information, yet its importance in developed countries is worth mentioning as it has been the main source to inform people about political issues or current affairs as well as being as the main source of entertainment. The flow of information from one geographical location to another has increased in speed considerably with the advent in digitally enabled communication devices: Different network channels over cable or satellite Tv, newspaper or radio channels are emerging at a very rapid pace providing the people with a medium to connect them with the outside world. ‘A PRESENTATION OFADAMIJEECO ACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X -143- ENGLISH NOTES Television contains the ability to produce multimedia content and thus has the immense power to change individual's perceptions reality. It is of no wonder that in order to believe something one has to have complete faith in the source of information. This source of information could be ranging from one person to any academic institution. However in today’s connected society, it is the media, which has become the main source of information. The role media is playing as being the main source of information in a controversial issue. It is being debated what are the media functions in a society and what are its impact on an individual. The term media is a general term which is not restricted to @ particular entity but in order to understand the term “Commercial media” the USA provides the best platform for critically analyzing the role of media in a society, regardless of what type of sources of media are analyzed from newspaper to network channels. ER yc) « sENTER cord a iaroet raRA COP ci TOR FAse Ae me Self — Help at 333-244 lf os Self — help is the doing of one’s own work by oneself and depending entirely’ upon one’s own powers for the performance of any act, without turning to others for help in the matter. Men have beenvendowed with strength and intelligence by God and it is in the fitness of things-that we should ‘tum these things to good account and utilize them for doing things independently of others. It is a common saying that God helps those who help themselves and so if we do not exert ourselves we can not get any help from God in tiding over our difficulties. Self — help begets self — respect and independence. Unless a person is self — reliant and knows how shameful it isto look up to others for help in every matter, or the delight of doing things by dint of his own powers, he cannot have any sense of self — respect or the worth of independence. No nation can advance far unless its citizens have the qualities of energy and enterprise, and the virtues of self-reliance, honesty, industry, and perseverance and moral courage. Men of this stamp help themselves. They don't wait until somebody comes along and carries them; they walk on their feet, and so hold their heads up, independent and self - reliant. They are in the best sense of the term, self - made men. Luck always favors the brave and the people who work hard and do not depend on any one. They are ready to do all the time everything by themselves on self — help base. All the developed countries have worked on the same principle and eamed great name in the whole world. Even today, only the Nation who works on this principle are making progress. ‘A PRESENTATION OFADAMIJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X. -144- ENGLISH NOTES 7. 8. Importance of Leisure Time Activities The art of using of time alright is so to live that we may in our short life as much good work as we can and neglect no opportunity of improving ourselves intellectually and morally. In this way wwe may expect to be happy ourselves and make others happy. Besides those general tendencies resulting in waste of time that we have been considering, we have to be constantly on our guard against special temptations to idle amusements. ‘A fault resembling unpunctuality is procrastination, which has been called the thief of time, Some people are in the habit of putting off their work for tomorrow. One great danger of this bad habit lies in the uncertainty of the future. By tomorrow circumstances may have undergone a change, and it may be then out of our power to do what we intended. All these ways of passing the time are perfectly harmless if used in moderation as means of refreshing our weary faculties. It is absolutely necessary that we should have intervals of leisure from work, and it is quite possible to go to the other extreme and waste time by unreasonable activity when we ought to be resting, or by attempting work which is useless or beyond our powers. But the opposite fault is far virtually leisure time is necessary for us and no doubt we should have it. Nobody can keep on working continuously-wtthout leisure. Now let us see how we should ‘employ our leisure time. There are many people who think that leisure means plain idleness. Thus is a wrong idea about leisure or rest. Rest or recreation really means a change from one kind of activity to another more common. Human beings on the whole are more apt to be idle when they should work, than to work when they require rest. Therefore, those who teach us to make the best use of our time are right in especially insisting upon the danger of spending so much time in our favorite pastimes. Ve rVvic Social work or social service means service performed in a spirit of selflessness. It is done without any regard for reward, return or compensation. It also conveys the sense of selfless service to humanity at large. It calls for being kind and sympathetic in the true sense of the word. Social service therefore is based on the love for humanity. Some people think that social service lies in simply removing dirt from the streets, cleaning drains and digging trenches. These activities are a part of social service but the sphere of social services is not limited only to these activities. The spiritual, intellectual, physical and financial sides of our life are also included in it. Social service, in fact embraces a vast range of activities. Students are from one of the richest assets of our nation, They are young and enthusiastic. They are ready to work if they get the correct leadership and the right opportunities. In the field of social service, the students can do a lat of good work. In a developing society like ours, they can be a great help for society. In the USA, welfare programs based on voluntary student efforts have proved a great success ir the field of education and slum up lift. In Pakistan, unfortunately the student A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X -145- ENGLISH NOTES community has so far been ignored in this respect. The present way ward ness among Pakistani youth is due to the lack of suitable avenues for spare — time opportunities. During the vacation, students let their time be spent aimlessly Students can be utilized not only in adult literacy campaign, but in many social welfare spheres such as health, education cleanliness and family planning. The basic thing is to catch the student's interest. If the student comes out for social service, all the people will co — operate with them and encourage them 9. Annual Prize Distribution Function At Your School The annual prize distribution function is a red — letter day in the life of a school. It comes only once in a year. This generates new enthusiasm in the school. The students begin the preparations for the function many days before. The teachers help and guide them, Like other years this year to the function attracted hall packed audience consisting of parents and invitees. The prize giving function of the school was held on the 28" March. The director of Education was invited to grace the occasion as the chief guest. It was in the nick of time that the chief guest arrived in his car. He was given a warm welcome by Principal, Madam and the senior members of the staff. The school band was playing in his honor as he entered the hall, all the students and the invitees stood up as a mark of respect. The chief guest was profusely garlanded by the Principal. As soon as'the chief guest occupied his seat, there was a pin-drop silence in the hall. The function started with the recitation from the Holy Quran. It was followed by the Hamd and Naat. Then the Principal broke the ice by giving the brief introduction of the life sketch of the chief guest. Later he read the Annual Report of the school, giving an account of the past achievements of the school. ‘Then the chief quest gave away the prizes, certificates, cups and medals to the students who had made remarkable achievements in various fields. Brilliant students, outstanding debaters, sportsmen and prefects were awarded prizes in never-ceasing noise of cheering and clapping. : The chief guest delivered a short but impressive speech wherein he admired the Performance of the students and also encouraged them to participate ‘still more enthusiastically. He also praised the sense of discipline imbibed by the students and guests during the entire function. Then the Principal thanked him for his kind visit to the school. Thus, the function came to an end, All of us returned our home cheerfully. oh as A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X. -146- ENGLISH NOTES 10. Patriotism Patriotism is the fountain head of alll virtues. It is love of one’s motherland that inspires one with a noble idea of universal brotherhood. The man devoid of patriotic feelings is, in fact a man with dead soul. Patriotism is a noble sentiment and an instinctive love that grows and flourishes with the development of the personality. It is the sum mumbunkum one achieves in life when he offers the supreme sacrifice of life on receiving a call to this effect. A true patriot is actuated to serve his brethren and his country to the best of his ability with a higher purpose in view. Every station in life, high or low, public or private, has its own characteristic obligations to discharge. From the Prime Minister to the poor laborer, each has his own duties to perform. If we all try to be true to ourselves, to our motherland and above all to our Creator before whom we all are accountable for our deeds, we can render yeoman service to our country and raise its prestige among the comity of nations. We should love our country because we breathe its air, we live under its skies, and we are a part of its soul. The land of our birth is a land which nourishes our body ‘and soul. So it is our bounden duty to get ready to lay down our life in defending it, as and when call is made to serve it. ‘As a true patriot we can render our service selfiessly. Each one of us can do his bit, if he has will to do it. A student devotes himself whole heartedly to his studies and avoids agitation politics and destructive activities. The people on the whole do their best to avoid all sorts of anti-social activities, ‘smuggling, hoarding, black marketing, abductions, thefts, child lifting, car and bike lifting etc. if they are all honest and-devoted they render great services to their and motherland raise its prestige in the eyes of the world. This is how they prove themselves to be true patriots. 11. Importance of computer The present age can be termed as a computer age. Computer is an electronic machine that performs a variety of tasks, such as long and complicated mathematical calculation, data processing, providing information of all kinds. Computers are called mechanical brain. Computer programs or applications exist to aid every level of education from programs that teach advanced calculus. Educators use computers to teach grades and prepare notes with computer controlled projection units, they can add graphics, sound and animation to their lecturers. Computer education helps in modern life including information and contact with people all over the world. This is possible through the computer education when a person knows how to use a computer machine. He can enjoy it in his business, for planning, for arranging programs, calculation and statistics works. The internet and e — mail are the two most advanced techniques of present age. The internet helps to have contact with people in any part of the world. You can find out all your required informationwithout any wastage of your time. They are now being used in all walks of life FADAMPEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: iustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X -147- ENGLISH NOTES Computer serves as telecommunications and internet. Now computers are every body's mate. Teachers, students, doctors, lawyers, architects, artists, departmental stores, traffic controlling, banks, financial institutions and other government departments and besides it the airports, railway, hospitals and almost all educational institutions are using computer in a befitting manner, because they not only stand for accuracy and speed but save human labor and time also. They are correct and accurate data processors, informers, recorders and preservers of knowledge. 12. My last day at Schoo! In every school there is a tradition that the junior students give a farewell party to the senior out ~ going class. In this way, every year the students of IX class give 2 farewell to the Matric class students who are departing for Board's examination, Although parting from one’s schoo! is always sad and yet in this manner the last day in the school is made a memorable occasion for the students who are leaving. So the 28" February was my last day in the school where I had studied for nearly & years. The function was organized by the students of IX class under the kind supervision of our Vice Principal, the in charge and other members of teaching staff. The function started with the name of Aliah. Hafiz Noman recited the Holy Quran and Alya presented a Naat in.her impressive voice. The Principal of our school:presided over the'function. The moment he appeared at the stage, a student of our class garlanded him. Then a few items of cultural Program like songs, ghazals, gags etc. were presented by the students. There were certain students both in class DX.as well as X who gave us good and touching songs. ‘Some students also recited poems and couplets befitting the occasion. The cultural Program which was organized for the entertainment of the students and quests was a great success. After the cultural program was over the monitor of my class rose up and delivered a warm and touching farewell speech. Then our respectable teachers blessed us one by one. They all advised us and expected us a radiant future in their impressive way. In the end, our Principal gave us his blessings in an inspiring and heart provoking ‘speech. Then we were merrily photographed in groups. We also exchanged autographs with one another. Then we were served with delicious lunch, it was beyond the shadow of doubts, @ memorable day because it was my last day at. school. cENTE cory i TORA © ec snotitl 13. Tre waggaa-24 e A journey, by train, a bus or aero plane always brings about a great pleasure. One can get rid of his monotonous routine work by means of traveling. It provides us an opportunity to meet our friends and relatives living far away from us. Last year I had a chance to travel by a train to attend the marriage ceremony of my cousin at Lahore. My father had already got seats reserved in advance for the whole family. Naturally we were excited with the idea of a long travel. It was a fine morning of August when we set out for this journey. We reached ‘the station by a taxi. A PRESENTATION OFRDAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTREGLASS =X. 148. ENGLISH NOTES No sooner had the train arrived at the platform, than the passengers rushed frantically towards the gates of bogeys. They were shouting and pushing to one another. Each was anxious to enter the room first and occupy seats. We were not at all worried because we had our seats reserved. Anyhow, we got into the compartment.Our coolie, who carried our luggage, guided us. The carriage was packed to suffocation. When the train began to move we sighed with a relief. We were sitting near the window. We passed swiftly away from Karachi. Soon it reached Hyderabad where it stayed for a short while, instantly there appeared hawkers crying loudly with different articles offood. Then our train moved and speeds up. The train was passing through the hot deserts of Sindh and when it reached the plains of Punjab we felt a joy of traveling again. We enjoyed the natural scenery that came on our way. We passed many villages, towns, green fields, gardens with cluster of fruit trees, mountains, hills and rivers etc. All these seemed passing by in 2 twinkling of an eye. All these natural sights gave us an immense pleasure. At last our train reached at Lahore station. Our ‘cousins and others welcomed us and by their station wagon we reached home. This journey gave us entertainment and experience as well. 14, Duties of Students The first and foremost duty of a student is to acquire knowledge, and for this he must gladly submit to the rules of discipline and the methods of teaching which his teachers may adopt. As a bee gathers honey, so a student should assiduously gather knowledge and wisdom from every source..He must not waste his time in idle pursuits, but must utilize every minute to'self-advancement. He must form regular habits, and take great care of his character. He must obey his parents and teachers, and follow their directions, as they are his best well-wishers. A.wayward child, who does not care for the advice of his elders, suffers in the end. ‘A-student must take good care of his health. His aim should be to have a sound mind in a sound body. He must take regular exercise and develop his body. Without health and strength of body; he will not be able to go on with his studies. Games play an important part in the development of character; and every young man should ‘take part in the games and activities of the school. Let it be remembered that all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy and all play and no work makes Jack a mere toy. Students should select their companions with great care. They should not associate at all with men of lower character and those who do not enjoy -good reputation. Their companions and friends should be chosen from among good boys. They should not sit inattentive in the class or copy or use unfair means in the examination, nor depend upon others. They must develop habits of self-reliance. They must also be truthful, self-respecting, cheerful and frank. ‘They should be neat in everything. Their dress should not be slovenly or carelessly wor. These are minute points on character, students should not neglect their daily prayer while they seek to strengthen their bodies and minds, and they must also strengthen their souls. ‘A PRESENTATION OFADAMEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X. -149- ENGLISH NOTES 15. 16. Importance of Discipline in Life By discipline we mean that training which makes us active in accordance with certain prescribed rules and in implicit obedience to the orders of a superior authority. Complete obedience without questioning the property or otherwise of the commands of a superior, is thus.an essential factor of discipline. Every civilized society rests upon the solid foundation of discipline; for without it there would be no order or regularity but only chaos and disorder. So it is impossible for a man to pass through the journey of life with any amount of success without being protected by discipline. It follows, therefore, that discipline is of the utmost importance to us in all spheres of life; at home, in school, in government or private institutions, at public places or in our social life. No less important is discipline in schools and colleges. Students should be subjected to a strict code of discipline and should be made to obey their teachers and professors implicitly and abide by the rules and regulations prevailing in their institutions. Unless they are taught this, education imparted to them cannot be considered to have been complete. Qur world too is a machine. The sun, the moon, the stars, rotation of earth and Planets move in the sky with unfailing regularity. The change of seasons, the growth of crops, the rain, the mist and the snow, all obey the law of nature, as fixed by the Creator of the.aniiverse. So discipline is essential in the individual as well as in the collective {feof society. The inner self of a man should be disciplined above everything. Our thoughts and feelings should be trained to perform. their function in a methodical manner. We should regulate our desires and. impulses as they are great enemies to our moral nature. We must learn ‘te-control the temptations of the flesh and pride. Self- discipline implies that we: follow the dictates of our conscience and not of our evil self. When a man has truly disciplined himself in his individual life, it iseasy for him to learn discipline in the collective life. Environmental Pollution ” The word pollutes means to destroy the purity of things and to make ae dirty. Pollution, today, has become a grave problem which is destroying the purity of the air, the seas and the land which threatens to the survival of living things. Man is a social animal and he has to fit into the society. There should be a balanced relationship between him and his environment. He is dependent upon other forms of life, upon corn and upon animal flesh and must learn to respect nature and the earth. Pollution is the result of reckless science and violent technology. It is more visible in its various forms in the advanced societies of the west. It can be seen in the indiscriminate cultivation of land, the destruction of forests and in the extermination of active species. The massive use of pesticides and herbicides is poisoning the ecosystem of the earth. Industrial wastes and automotive emission represent 2 major and perhaps lasting hazard to life. Atmospheric pollution as a result of emissions of carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides and liydiocarbons has become the subject of growing concern and has led to ‘A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X. ~150- ENGLISH NOTES increasing pressure for restrictions of the burning of fossil fuels. It is estimated that currently more than 20 billion tons of carbon dioxide is being released in the atmosphere in this way every year. The discharge of these air pollutants is infecting river, lakes and oceans. Concern for the environment is no longer confined to western society. With the wide spread use of technology, the evils of the industrial system with its emphasis on mass production and the profit motive; have begun to manifest themselves in third World countries as well, In this sense the whole world is now in a process of westernization. Pakistan has 2 high rate of population growth. More mouths to feed compel the increase in production and result in more and more industrialization. All the factories give off smoke and gases as part of their moral operation and have a harmful effect ‘on the health of the people living in the surroundings. 417. Dignity of. or Labor is a part of the inheritance of all the creatures. From the very beginning of life ‘each one of the creatures of God is required to carve out its own livelihood with the ‘sweat of its brow. Those who get “into the habit of working hard, find life an enjoyable affair. Those who adopt hedonistic-attitude — eat, drink and be merry, and avoid laborto liveout their fiving, have to-repent in the long run. Tt is a thing of the past when some people labored under an erroneous impression that they belonged to the superior race, it did not behave their dignity to undertake manual labor. Among the Greeks and the Romans, labor was the lot of the plebeians. Even in Pakistan the feudal aristocrats still suffer from a superiority ‘complex and consider it below their dignity to do things with their own hands. They connive at the noble precedent set by the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) who worked shoulder to shoulder with the laborers. China, who achieved independence two years later to Pakistan, is making rapid strides in all walks of life and they have stolen a march on us. They have become self — sufficient in almost everything. They have recognized the dignity of work. The Americans are the most forward looking people. The highest among them does not feel shy of doing his own work with his own hands. The basic fact of their progress is that work for them is worship and therein lays the secret of their success, Every man is the architect of his own fate. If a man is hard working, he will steadily grow into power. On the contrary, one with sluggish habits will deteriorate and even if he is blessed with heaps of fortunes, he will soon run through them. It should be bore in mind that every individual makes his own bed in life and every ation carves out its own niche in the comity of nations. The only precondition to success is the recognition of the significance of devotion to work and duty. ‘A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X -151- ENGLISH NOTES. 18, A visit to A Historical Place In the last summer vacation we were at our uncle's, He lives in Lahore. Lahore is 3 city of graceful monuments, magnificent mosques and sprawling gardens. So my aunt suggested that we should go to visit a historical place. I am much fond of seeing all sorts of things which were built in Mughal period. Therefore, one Sunday, we chalked out a program for outing. I had not seen the Jahangir’s tomb, so all agreed. There was nothing finer than this idea. In no time we reached there by 2 taxi. The grand tomb of Jahangir was before our eyes. As it was a holiday, thus on a fine day like this people usually come out of doors to have a picnic. As we passed through the main gate, we found ourselves in a strange world. A visit to such a place is at once an escape from the present and an excursion into the past. Myth and legend, story and history all combine together to surround the visitors with a halo of mystery and charm. Compared to this, is the sad spectacle of the tomb of Noor Jahan, the famous beautiful queen of Emperor Jahangir, who spent the later part of her life in Lahore and breathed her last here. The mausoleum is in a park enclosed by a high wall This mausoleum is model of design and symmetry. It is built of white marble and colored stones. There.are four grand minarets standing at its four corners. Pieces of colored stones have been fitted in the whole building in a wavy design. Inside the hall there is a marble tomb,.and Jahangir lies buried in a chamber below this tomb. We offered Fateha for the:soul of the great emperor. Then we climbed up the stairs and went on the roof ofthe buliding. After climbing down from the minarets, we enjoyed ourselves in the green lawns. We took a short rest. It was evening and the light began to fade. The silence and peace affected us strangely. Our minds were full of solemn thoughts and colorful memories, It was time to go back. We came out and reached home by a taxi. " JQRA COPY CENTER 19. Newspaper aera ech 0333-2441879 Newspapers are one of the signs of civilization. The more a country is educated, the greater is the demand for newspapers. For an educated man is always eager to know what is going on in the world and this information; he can only have through the medium of newspapers. The primary function of a paper is to supply us with all sorts of news, local and foreign. It gives us information of what is going on in our ‘own country, as well as in other parts of the world. ‘Asa matter of fact, a newspaper is a sort of contemporary history. The benefits of 2 per do not end here. By supplying information of the different parts of the world, they bring them into. close tough with one and tend to promote friendly feelings. A newspaper is also the best means of communication between the government of a country and its people. The rulers and the one ruled make known their respective viewpoints through the medium of newspaper. Perhaps the greatest benefit derived from newspapers is the development of knowledge. They tell us of all the progress that is going on in the field of literature and science; they give us an idea of the views of great thinkers and philosophers, they speak of the discoveries and inventions that one taking place in the world. ‘A PRESENTATION OFRDAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS :X -152- ENGLISH NOTES Newspapers also make known to the people what their rights are and teach them how to protect these rights. The evils of the newspaper, however, are far outweighed by its manifold advantages. A newspaper is one of the greatest boons of civilization and journalism should be allowed to have free scope. The restriction on the press should be removed as far as practicable to ensure the healthy growth of a nation. Newspapers, if fettered by laws and restrictions, cannot give expression to free opinion and without the freedom of expression the utility of newspapers is destroyed. 20. £arthquakes Earthquake can be defined as a sudden jolt or tremor given to the earth by some interior disorder in volcano. Many earthquakes are so gentle as to pass almost unrecognized, other are sufficiently pronounced to excite general alarm, while some spread enormous destruction. Destructive earthquakes are usually confined to limited regions. The usual phenomenon recorded in well-known earthquakes are first a trembling, next one or more severe shocks and then a trembling which gradually dies away. In‘ most cases‘each shogk lasts only a few seconds, but the trembling that follows may continue for days, weeks or even months, Earthquakes are most common in volcanic and mountainous regions and many of them are no doubt due to volcanic action. These appear to originate in the sea and many be due to the flashing into steam of the water which finds its way down through cracks to the underlying heated rocks. It is noticeable that most earthquakes occur during the cold weather. They are common in today’s world. "As it would have been ill-luck with the Asian regions that they vehemently been the victim of natural catastrophes. The 1935 Quetta quake perished the whole valley reporting over 50,000 people in a few seconds got the morse! of death and also wreaked havoc in its vicinity. In 2004, a fatal Tsunami shocked the world. At jeast 12 countries of eastern Asia affected simultaneously and death toll raised over three lacs. And the most terrible earthquake in the year 2005 was the worst in Islamabad and NWFP in 100 years. Balakot, a town of 2,50,000 people was entirely devastated. Earthquakes are natural calamities. They test the strength and will power of 2 ration. We pray to God that He may not send such drastic catastrophes in future. 21. Ascene At A Railway Station The railway station is very important place in every city. Here one can find people from all sections of the society and all parts of the country. It definitely presents 2 highly colorful scene. The rich and the poor both can be seen in great hurry at the railway station. It is full of hustle and bustle. The big railway stations like Lahore and Karachi are full of great rush all the twenty four hours. People belonging to ali castes, colors, creeds and religions mingie freely on a ‘allway station, A PRESENTATION OPADAMEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X ~153- ENGLISH NOTES Last Sunday I went to the Karachi city railway station to see off my uncle who was going to Lahore, There was a great rush of passengers. Some were coming out as they had just arrived and were planning to go to their destinations, while others had to catch the train, as they were leaving the city for out station. The coolies in red uniforms were doing great business. Many passengers were walting outside the inquiry office to get certain information regarding the arrival and departure of trains. There were many stalls of different things. Tea restaurant was the most attractive place for the people and there was a heavy rush on such spots. At least on every platform people had gathered to wait the train, We found so many stalls at every platform. All passengers seemed to be in a hurry. The hawkers were also moving up and down the platforms selling their goods. There were many emotional and remarkable scenes which one could see on the platforms. Some persons had come to see off their dear and near persons while others to receive their relatives. When the train moves out of the platform one could see many hands waving goodbye to their friends and relatives. AS a traffic slogan, “Safety first”, may ‘be eminently suitable but as a motto for life. Many accidents are caused by drivers-who ignore the traffic rules and regulations. Most of the people suffer from Speedo — mania and make frantic efforts to beat other people in the race. Stringent measures should be adopted to curb such a mad race to prevent reckless driving and over taking. One evening my cousin and I decided to'see a.film at Capri cinema. As we were late for the show, we began walking faster along the crowded road. The distance from Emipress Market to the Capri Cinema is not so'tong we were in a jolly mood. All of 2 sudden there was a cry of someone. When we turned round, we saw a man rolling ‘on the ground. He was knocked down by a car. The driver was driving it at a ‘normal speed. He saw a lorry coming from the opposite direction. He tried to turn the vehicle aside, but the clutch wire of it broke and the machine got out of his control. It ran into a passerby and hit the pavement. The man was seriously wounded. He sustained injuries in the head and face. His nose was bleeding and his head was bruised. He lost his senses. A host of people had crowded. The man was lying unconscious. He was in a pitiable condition. We, as well as, other people rushed to the victim to help him. The wounded man was removed to the nearby hospital. Some people started abusing and hitting the car driver. Some wise and elderly men tried to convince them that it was not his fault but it was just an accident. ‘The police also arrived at the spot. After the mobile of the police had arrived, the mob soon dispersed. But the victim was luckily declared out of danger. We heaved a sigh of relief when we came to know it. We thanked God that his life was saved. ‘A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRE23. The Happiest Day of my Life Happiness in life is rare to get. There are some such occasions in one’s life that leave an everlasting imprint on mind. He feels delighted when he is favored with fortune. Such was a day that occurred in my life wrapped with lot of joys and merriment. The day when the result of my S.S.C II ‘Examination was announced, stands as a land mark in my life. I cherished an ardent ambition to join the MedicalCollege but ‘that depended on my achievement score in the examination. It was a day when my long awaited dream comes true. I was beside myself with joy, when broke the news that I have secured A* grade. It came as a welcome relief to my tense nerves. My mother rushed in and took me in her arms. My father offered prayer in thankfulness to God. He arranged a grand party inviting my friends. In the evening more than a dozen friends attended the sumptuous party thrown to them by my parents, we all enjoyed it to our hearts content. We did full justice to it, For quite a while hush prevailed all over the hall, when suddenly my sister dropped in laughter. It was a moment when we all felt transported to a realm of our dreams. My uncle, who had returned from Washington the same day, brought me a lot of gifts. I was garlanded by my aunt and cousins. Every one greeted me on my grand ‘success whole heartedly. This is how the happiest day of my.fe came to-2 happy ending. It was indeed the happiest day for me and my family.” 24, A Kind Deed You Did Good deeds are appreciated by all and sundry. A-good deed may be done by anyone in any walk of life. The actual performance of a good deedadds to the happiness and contentment both of the doer and of that for which it is done. The memory of a good deed executes Jove and gratitude. To perform a good deed physical or moral courage requires guts and fortitude. Last year, during the Summer Vacation, I was enjoying myself in the company of my close friends at Karli Lake. There was a great hustle and bustle of people due to holidays. The bathers were taking full advantage of the cool lake water. I also took off my clothes and plunged into rippling water. Some were sitting near the banks of water. I was enjoying the cool bath. Hardly had I swum for a few minutes when T heard the cries of a downing boy. His cries, in bewilderness, drew my attention. I swam towards the victim, when I happened to see him he was in precarious state. Many swimmers rushed towards the eddying waters of the lake in which the boy ‘was engulfed. Some people, who were good divers, tried their best to rescue the victim but in their earlier attempts they failed to catch hold of the drowning boy. 1, with the speed of lighting, dived and after a hard struggle succeeded in bringing the boy and of the water. ‘The boy was in an unconscious state. He was made to lie on the side of the bank. ‘The people all around the site surrounded us, The parents of the boy had also arrived. A PRESENTATION OFAIDAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS :X -155- ENGLISH NOTES Immediately the boy was taken to the nearby dispensary where he was given artificial respiration & medicines. Soon the boy came back to his senses. His parents thanked God and in tears of cheerfulness they applauded and blessed me with Prayers. Everybody was looking me enviously rather they had realized that human happiness is virtually basedonthe spiritual nature of man which enables him to face the afflictions and calamities of life-with a smiling face. 25, Cleanliness The high value attached to cleanliness is expressed by the proverb which says that “Cleanliness is next to Godliness”, Indeed in some religious, cleanliness is regarded as a part of godliness and is prescribed as a religious duty. In the Law of Moses the priests were required to wash their persons and their clothes, when they had to appear before God, and the tradition of the Jewish elders rigorously enforced the washing of hands before meals. Hazrat Mohammad (Peace Be Upon Him) Prescribed frequent ablutions which, if watercould not be had, were to be Performed with sand. ‘Such ordinances are in part due to the recognition of the close connections between Personal cleanliness and moral goodness..It is not without reasons that while raiment and ceremonial:ablutions have been ‘as the symbols of the purity of soul that is expected of the priest and his congregation, when engaged in the solemn worship of God. Even in our ordinary everyday life we see that a dirty man in dirty clothes is apt to lose that feeling of self-respect, which is one of the best safeguards against dishonesty and vice. ‘Another reason why the. founders of religions prescribed frequent ablutions, was because they recognized the-immense importance of cleanliness from a sanitary point of view. The best means of avoiding infection is continual washing which Prevents the germs from remaining lungs in the body. Unfortunately immunity from disease cannot be secured by being clean oneself. A scrupulously clean person may catch disease from the dirty persons with whom he comes into contact. Therefore, the rich and intelligent must, in their interests, provide their poorer neighbors with the means of keeping themselves clean. 1QRA COPY TER 31814, 86-3 North Karachi 0333-2441879 26. Itaffic Hazards at Karachi Karachi is one of the biggest cities of Pakistan. It is a metropolitan city. It has a bundle of problems. Electricity, water, housing, education and transportation are some of the major problems, but traffic hazards top the list. Traffic problems have increased corresponding to the tremendous increase in population. With the increase of population in Karachi the problem of traffic control has become very acute. The increased pressure of traffic has also increased the number of traffic accidents. Almost every day a large number of people are killed and injured seriously by the accidents. ‘A PRESENTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRECLASS : X -156- ENGLISH NOTES ‘Though in recent years there has been a huge task of construction of roads, over heads and U turns in Karachi, yet the nuisance of traffic hazard worsens the situation when buses or mini buses and coaches of the same route involve in overtaking and speed mania. At this critical time passengers are quite helpless. And serious accidents take place. The highways and inter-city roads were not designed for such a heavy traffic. They have not been suitably widened to accommodate ever-increasing load of traffic. The crying need of the day is to take urgent steps in improving the capacity of roads. Most of the vehicles belong to the police officers and other high-ups. The drivers of such vehicles ignore the traffic rides with impunity since nobody can check them for far of their background support. Most of the businessmen, especially in old clothes, hosiery and toys etc.encroach the roads. Various hawkers and vendors cause serious traffic hazards. Reckless driving of trucks and other heavy vehicles to bring about frequent accidents, especially in the peak hours the flow of traffic is affected bitterly. There is no effective check on speeding. Most of the people suffer from Speedo- mania and make frantic efforts to beat other people in the race. Stringent measures should be adopted to curb. such a mad race: Licensing system should be streamlined. Moreover, the drivers should be made to follow the traffic rules strictly. A regular well-integrated campaign, aimed. at educating the drivers, imparting instructions in traffic rules, shouldbe initiated to:save many precious lives of the pedestrians and other road users. : A PRESE! NTATION OFADAMJEECOACHING CENTRE RESEARCH WING By: Mustafa Hyder ADAMJEE COACHING CENTRE