How To Web Scrape With Python in 4 Minutes

The document provides a tutorial on how to web scrape data from the New York MTA website using Python. It explains that web scraping allows automatic extraction of large amounts of information from websites. The tutorial walks through using Python and libraries like Beautiful Soup to inspect the website, find links to turnstile data files, download the files one by one with a pause between each download to avoid overloading the site. It also provides a full code sample to download all the turnstile data files with a for loop.

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How To Web Scrape With Python in 4 Minutes

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How to Web Scrape with

Python in 4 Minutes
A Beginner’s Guide for Webscraping in Python
Sep 26, 2018 · 5 min read
Photo by Chris Ried on Unsplash

Web Scraping
Web scraping is a technique to automatically access and
extract large amounts of information from a website, which
can save a huge amount of time and effort. In this article, we
will go through an easy example of how to automate
downloading hundreds of files from the New York MTA.
This is a great exercise for web scraping beginners who are
looking to understand how to web scrape. Web scraping can
be slightly intimidating, so this tutorial will break down the
process of how to go about the process.

New York MTA Data

We will be downloading turnstile data from this site:
http://web.mta.info/developers/turnstile.html

Turnstile data is compiled every week from May 2010 to

present, so hundreds of .txt files exist on the site. Below is a
snippet of what some of the data looks like. Each date is a
link to the .txt file that you can download.
It would be torturous to manually right click on each link
and save to your desktop. Luckily, there’s web-scraping!

Important notes about web

scraping:
1. Read through the website’s Terms and Conditions to
understand how you can legally use the data. Most sites
prohibit you from using the data for commercial
purposes.

2. Make sure you are not downloading data at too rapid a

rate because this may break the website. You may
potentially be blocked from the site as well.

Inspecting the Website

The first thing that we need to do is to figure out where we
can locate the links to the files we want to download inside
the multiple levels of HTML tags. Simply put, there is a lot
of code on a website page and we want to find the relevant
pieces of code that contains our data. If you are not familiar
with HTML tags, refer to W3Schools Tutorials. It is
important to understand the basics of HTML in order to
successfully web scrape.

On the website, right click and click on “Inspect”. This

allows you to see the raw code behind the site.
Once you’ve clicked on “Inspect”, you should see this
console pop up.
Console

Notice that on the top left of the console, there is an arrow

symbol.

If you click on this arrow and then click on an area of the site
itself, the code for that particular item will be highlighted in
the console. I’ve clicked on the very first data file, Saturday,
September 22, 2018 and the console has highlighted in blue
the link to that particular file.
<a href=”data/nyct/turnstile/turnstile_180922.txt”>Saturday,
September 22, 2018</a>

Notice that all the .txt files are inside the <a> tag following
the line above. As you do more web scraping, you will find
that the <a> is used for hyperlinks.

Now that we’ve identified the location of the links, let’s get
started on coding!

Python Code
We start by importing the following libraries.
import requests
import urllib.request
import time
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

Next, we set the url to the website and access the site with
our requests library.
url = 'http://web.mta.info/developers/turnstile.html'
response = requests.get(url)

If the access was successful, you should see the following

output:

Next we parse the html with BeautifulSoup so that we can

work with a nicer, nested BeautifulSoup data structure. If
you are interested in learning more about this library, check
out the BeatifulSoup documentation.
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, “html.parser”)

We use the method .findAll to locate all of our <a> tags.

soup.findAll('a')

This code gives us every line of code that has an <a> tag. The
information that we are interested in starts on line 36. Not
all links are relevant to what we want, but most of it is, so we
can easily slice from line 36. Below is a subset of what
BeautifulSoup returns to us when we call the code above.
subset of all <a> tags

Next, let’s extract the actual link that we want. Let’s test out
the first link.
one_a_tag = soup.findAll(‘a’)[36]
link = one_a_tag[‘href’]

This code saves ‘data/nyct/turnstile/turnstile_180922.txt’

to our variable link. The full url to download the data is
actually
‘http://web.mta.info/developers/data/nyct/turnstile/turnst
ile_180922.txt’ which I discovered by clicking on the first
data file on the website as a test. We can use our
urllib.request library to download this file path to our
computer. We provide request.urlretrieve with two
parameters: file url and the filename. For my files, I named
them “turnstile_180922.txt”, “turnstile_180901”, etc.
download_url = 'http://web.mta.info/developers/'+ link
urllib.request.urlretrieve(download_url,'./’'link[link.find('
/turnstile_')+1:])

Last but not least, we should include this line of code so that
we can pause our code for a second so that we are not
spamming the website with requests. This helps us avoid
getting flagged as a spammer.
time.sleep(1)

Now that we understand how to download a file, let’s try

downloading the entire set of data files with a for loop. The
code below contains the entire set of code for web scraping
the NY MTA turnstile data.

You can find my Jupyter Notebook for this on my Github.

If you’re a beginner in Python and/or webscraping, check

out this book called Automate the Boring Stuff with Python:
practical programming for total beginners.

It teaches you both the basics of Python as well as the basics

of webscraping. Skip to Part II of the book if you already
have experience with Python. Full disclosure, as an Amazon
Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Click link here.
Thanks for reading and happy web scraping everyone!