Rule 6 To 35 - Comparative Matrix
Rule 6 To 35 - Comparative Matrix
Rule 6 To 35 - Comparative Matrix
Soledad Deriquito-Mawis on the 2019 Proposed Amendments to the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure
COMPARATIVE MATRIX
1997 RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE A.M. No. 19-10-20-SC NOTES
Section 1. Pleadings defined. — Pleadings are Section 1. Pleadings defined. - Pleadings are
the written statements of the respective the written statements of the respective claims and
claims and defenses of the parties submitted to defenses of the parties submitted to the court for
the court for appropriate judgment. (1a) appropriate judgment. (1)
Section 2. Pleadings allowed. — The claims of a Section 2. Pleadings allowed. - The claims
party are asserted in a complaint, counterclaim, of a party are asserted in a complaint,
cross-claim, third (fourth, etc.)-party complaint, counterclaim, cross-claim, third (fourth, etc.)-
or complaint-in-intervention. party complaint, or complaint-in-intervention.
The defenses of a party are alleged in the The defenses of a party are alleged in the
answer to the pleading asserting a claim answer to the pleading asserting a claim
against him. against him or her.
1
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Section 5. Defenses. — Defenses may either Section 5. Defenses. — Defenses may either
be negative or affirmative. be negative or affirmative.
(a) A negative defense is the specific (a) A negative defense is the specific denial of
denial of the material fact or facts the material fact or facts alleged in the
alleged in the pleading of the claimant pleading of the claimant essential to his or
essential to his cause or causes of her cause or causes of action.
action.
(b) An affirmative defense is an allegation of a
(b)An affirmative defense is an new matter which, while hypothetically
allegation of a new matter which, while admitting the material allegations in the
hypothetically admitting the material pleading of the claimant, would nevertheless
allegations in the pleading of the prevent or bar recovery by him or her. The
claimant, would nevertheless prevent affirmative defenses
or bar recovery by him. The affirmative
defenses include fraud, statute of
limitations, release,
payment, illegality, statute of frauds,
COMPARATIVE MATRIX
1997 RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE A.M. No. 19-10-20-SC NOTES
court both as to the amount and the nature cannot acquire jurisdiction. Such a counterclaim
thereof, except that in an original action before must be within the jurisdiction of the court both as
the Regional Trial Court, the counter-claim to the amount and the nature thereof, except that
may be considered compulsory regardless of the in an original action before the Regional Trial
amount. (n) Court, the counterclaim may be considered
compulsory regardless of the amount. A
compulsory counterclaim not raised in the
same action is barred, unless otherwise allowed
by these Rules. (7a)
Section 11. Third, (fourth, etc.)—party complaint. Section 11. Third, (fourth, etc.)-party
— A third (fourth, etc.) — party complaint complaint. — A third (fourth, etc.)-party
is a claim that a defending party may, with complaint is a claim that a defending party may,
leave of court, file against a person not a with leave of court, file against a person
party to the action, called the third (fourth, not a party to the action, called the third
etc.) — party
COMPARATIVE MATRIX
1997 RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE A.M. No. 19-10-20-SC NOTES
defendant for contribution, indemnity, subrogation (fourth, etc.)-party defendant for contribution,
or any other relief, in respect of his opponent's indemnity, subrogation or any other relief, in
claim. (12a) respect of his or her opponent's claim.
Section 12. Bringing new parties. — When the Section 12. Bringing new parties. — When
presence of parties other than those to the the presence of parties other than those to the
original action is required for the granting of original action is required for the granting of
complete relief in the determination of a complete relief in the determination of a
counterclaim or cross-claim, the court shall counterclaim or cross-claim, the court shall order
order them to be brought in as defendants, if them to be brought in as defendants, if
jurisdiction over them can be obtained. (14) jurisdiction over them can be obtained. (12)
Section 13. Answer to third (fourth, etc.)—party Section 13. Answer to third (fourth, etc.)-
complaint. — A third (fourth, etc.) — party party complaint. — A third (fourth, etc.)party
defendant may allege in his answer his defendant may allege in his or her answer his
defenses,
COMPARATIVE MATRIX
1997 RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE A.M. No. 19-10-20-SC NOTES
Section 1. Caption. — The caption sets forth Section 1. Caption. — The caption sets forth
the name of the court, the title of the action, the name of the court, the title of the action, and
and the docket number if assigned. the docket number if assigned.
The title of the action indicates the names of The title of the action indicates the names of the
the parties. They shall all be named in the parties. They shall all be named in the original
original complaint or petition; but in subsequent complaint or petition; but in subsequent
pleadings, it shall be sufficient if the name of the pleadings, it shall be sufficient if the name of the
first party on each side be stated with an first party on each side be stated with an
appropriate indication when there are other appropriate indication when there are other
parties. parties.
Their respective participation in the case shall Their respective participation in the case shall be
be indicated. (1a, 2a) indicated. (1)
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Section 2. The body. — The body of the Section 2. The body. — The body of the
pleading sets fourth its designation, the pleading sets forth its designation, the
allegations of the party's claims or defenses, allegations of the party's claims or defenses, the
the relief prayed for, and the date of the relief prayed for, and the date of the pleading.
pleading. (n)
(a) Paragraphs. — The allegations in the body
(a) Paragraphs. — The allegations in of a pleading shall be divided into
the body of a pleading shall be divided paragraphs so numbered to be readily
into paragraphs so numbered to be identified, each of which shall contain a
readily identified, each of which shall statement of a single set of circumstances so
contain a statement of a single set of far as that can be done with convenience. A
circumstances so far as that can be paragraph may be referred to by its number in
done with convenience. A paragraph all succeeding pleadings.
may be referred to by its number in all
succeeding pleadings. (3a) (b) Headings. — When two or more causes of
action are joined, the statement of the first
(b)Headings. — When two or more shall be prefaced by the words "first
causes of action are joined the cause of action,'' of the second by "second
statement of the first shall be prefaced cause of action", and so on for the others.
by the words "first cause of action,'' of
the second by "second cause of When one or more paragraphs in the answer
action", and so on for the others. are addressed to one of several causes of
action in the complaint, they shall be prefaced
When one or more paragraphs in the by the words "answer to
answer are addressed to one of the first cause of action" or "answer to the
several causes of action in the
complaint, they shall be prefaced by
the words "answer to the first cause of
action" or "answer to the second cause
of action" and so on; and when one or
more paragraphs of the
answer are addressed to several causes
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of action, they shall be prefaced by second cause of action" and so on; and when
words to that effect. (4) one or more paragraphs of the answer are
addressed to several causes of action, they
(c) Relief. — The pleading shall specify shall be prefaced by words to that effect.
the relief sought, but it may add a
general prayer for such further or other (c) Relief. — The pleading shall specify the
relief as may be deemed just or relief sought, but it may add a general
equitable. (3a, R6) prayer for such further or other relief as
may be deemed just or equitable.
(d)Date. — Every pleading shall be
dated. (n) (d) Date. — Every pleading shall be dated.
(4)
The signature of counsel constitutes a certificate (b) The signature of counsel constitutes a
by him that he has read the pleading; that to certificate by him or her that he or she has
the best of his knowledge, information, and read the pleading and document; that to the
belief there is good ground to support it; and best of his or her knowledge, information,
that it is not interposed for delay. and belief, formed after an
not intended for delay. Counsel who deliberately inquiry reasonable under the
files an unsigned pleading, or signs a pleading circumstances:
in violation of this Rule, or alleges scandalous
or indecent matter therein, or fails promptly (1) It is not being presented for any
report to the court a change of his address, improper purpose, such as to harass,
shall be subject to appropriate disciplinary cause unnecessary delay, or needlessly
action. (5a) increase the cost of litigation;
Failure to comply with the foregoing therefrom to the court wherein his or her
requirements shall not be curable by mere aforesaid complaint or initiatory pleading has
amendment of the complaint or other initiatory been filed.
pleading but shall be cause for the dismissal
of the case without prejudice, unless otherwise The authorization of the affiant to act on behalf
provided, upon motion and after hearing. The of a party, whether in the form of a secretary’s
submission of a false certification or non- certificate or a special power of attorney, should
compliance with any of the undertakings be attached to the pleading.
therein shall constitute indirect contempt of
Failure to comply with the foregoing
court, without prejudice to the corresponding
requirements shall not be curable by mere
administrative and criminal actions. If the acts
amendment of the complaint or other initiatory
of the party or his counsel clearly constitute pleading but shall be cause for the dismissal of
willful and deliberate forum shopping, the same the case without prejudice, unless otherwise
shall be ground for summary dismissal with provided, upon motion and after hearing. The
prejudice and shall constitute direct contempt, submission of a false certification or non-
as well as a cause for administrative sanctions. compliance with any of the undertakings therein
(n) shall constitute indirect contempt of court,
without prejudice to the corresponding
administrative and criminal actions. If the acts of
the party or his or her counsel clearly constitute
willful and deliberate forum shopping, the same
shall be ground for summary dismissal with
prejudice and shall constitute direct contempt, as
well as a cause for administrative sanctions. (5a)
on which the party pleading relies for his claim ultimate facts, including the evidence on which
or defense, as the case may be, omitting the the party pleading relies for his or her claim or
statement of mere evidentiary facts. (1) defense, as the case may be.
If a defense relied on is based on law, the If a cause of action or defense relied on is based
pertinent provisions thereof and their applicability on law, the pertinent provisions thereof and their
to him shall be clearly and concisely stated. applicability to him or her shall be clearly and
(n) concisely stated. (1a)
Section 4. Capacity. — Facts showing the Section 4. Capacity. — Facts showing the
capacity of a party to sue or be sued or the capacity of a party to sue or be sued or the
authority of a party to sue or be sued in a authority of a party to sue or be sued in a
representative capacity or the legal existence of representative capacity or the legal existence of an
an organized association of person that is made organized association of persons that is made a
a party, must be averred. A party desiring to party, must be averred. A party desiring to raise
raise an issue as to the legal existence of any an issue as to the legal existence of any party or
party or the capacity of any party to sue or be the capacity of any party to sue or be sued in a
sued in a representative capacity, shall do so representative capacity, shall do so by specific
by specific denial, which shall include such denial, which shall include such supporting
supporting particulars as are peculiarly within particulars as are peculiarly within the pleader’s
the pleader's knowledge. (4) knowledge. (4)
Section 5. Fraud, mistake, condition of the mind. Section 5. Fraud, mistake, condition of the
— In all averments of fraud or mistake the mind. — In all averments of fraud or mistake, the
circumstances constituting fraud or mistake circumstances constituting fraud or mistake must
must be stated with particularity. Malice, be stated with particularity.
intent, knowledge, or other condition of the Malice, intent, knowledge, or other condition of
mind of a person may be averred generally. the mind of a person may be averred generally.
(5a) (5)
without setting forth matter showing jurisdiction to matter showing jurisdiction to render it. An
render it. (6) authenticated copy of the judgment or
decision shall be attached to the pleading. (6a)
Section 8. How to contest such documents. — Section 8. How to contest such documents. -
When an action or defense is founded upon When an action or defense is founded upon a
a written instrument, copied in or attached to written instrument, or attached to the
the corresponding pleading as provided in corresponding pleading as provided in the
the preceding section, the genuineness and preceding section, the genuineness and due
due execution of the instrument shall be execution of the instrument shall be deemed
deemed admitted unless the adverse party, admitted unless the adverse party, under oath
under oath specifically denies them, and sets specifically denies them, and sets forth what he or
forth what he claims to be the facts, but the she claims to be the facts; but the requirement of
requirement of an oath does not apply when an oath does not apply when the adverse party
the adverse party does not appear to be a does not appear to be a
party to the instrument or when party to the instrument or when compliance
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compliance with an order for an inspection of with an order for an inspection of the original
the original instrument is refused. (8a) instrument is refused. (8a)
Section 10. Specific denial. — A defendant must Section 10. Specific denial. — A defendant
specify each material allegation of fact the truth must specify each material allegation of fact the
of which he does not admit and, whenever truth of which he or she does not admit and,
practicable, shall set forth the substance of whenever practicable, shall set forth the
the matters upon which he relies to support his substance of the matters upon which he or she
denial. Where a defendant desires to deny relies to support his or her denial. Where a
only a part of an averment, he shall specify so defendant desires to deny only a part of an
much of it as is true and material and shall averment, he or she shall specify so much of it as
deny only the remainder. Where a defendant is true and material and shall deny only the
is without knowledge or information sufficient to remainder. Where a defendant is without
form a belief as to the truth of a material knowledge or information sufficient to form a
averment made to the complaint, he shall so belief as to the truth of a material averment made
state, and this shall have the effect of a to the complaint, he or she shall so state, and this
denial. (10a)
shall have the effect of a denial. (10a)
Section 11. Allegations not specifically denied Section 11. Allegations not
deemed admitted. — Material averment in specifically denied deemed admitted. —
the Material
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complaint, other than those as to the amount averments in a pleading asserting a claim or
of unliquidated damages, shall be deemed claims, other than those as to the amount of
admitted when not specifically denied. unliquidated damages, shall be deemed admitted
Allegations of usury in a complaint to recover when not specifically denied. (11a)
usurious interest are deemed admitted if not
denied under oath. (1a, R9)
Section 12. Striking out of pleading or matter Section 12. Affirmative defenses. —
contained therein. — Upon motion made by a
party before responding to a pleading or, if (a)A defendant shall raise his or her affirmative
no responsive pleading is permitted by these defenses in his or her answer, which shall be
Rules, upon motion made by a party within limited to the reasons set forth under Section
twenty (20) days after the service of the 5(b), Rule 6, and the following grounds:
pleading upon him, or upon the court's own 1. That the court has no jurisdiction over
initiative at any time, the court may order any the person of the defending party;
pleading to be stricken out or that any sham or 2. That venue is improperly laid;
false, redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or 3. That the plaintiff has no legal capacity to
scandalous matter be stricken out therefrom. sue;
(5, R9) 4. That the pleading asserting the claim
states no cause of action; and
5. That a condition precedent for filing the
claim has not been complied with.
Section 1. Defenses and objections not pleaded. Section 1. Defenses and objections not
— Defenses and objections not pleaded either pleaded. — Defenses and objections not pleaded
in a motion to dismiss or in the answer are either in a motion to dismiss or in the answer are
deemed waived. However, when it appears deemed waived. However, when it appears from
from the pleadings or the evidence on record the pleadings or the evidence on record that the
that the court has no jurisdiction over the court has no jurisdiction over the subject matter,
subject matter, that there is another action that there is another action pending between the
pending between the same parties for the same same parties for the same cause, or that the action
cause, or that the action is barred by a prior is barred by a prior judgment or by statute of
judgment or by statute of limitations, the court limitations, the court shall dismiss the claim. (1)
shall dismiss the claim. (2a)
Section 3. Default; declaration of. — If the Section 3. Default; Declaration of. — If the
defending party fails to answer within the defending party fails to answer within the time
time allowed therefor, the court shall, upon allowed therefor, the court shall, upon motion of
motion of the claiming party with notice to the claiming party with notice to the defending
the defending party, and proof of such party, and proof of such failure, declare the
failure, declare the defending party in defending party in default.
default. Thereupon, the court shall proceed to Thereupon, the court shall proceed to render
render judgment granting the claimant such judgment granting the claimant such relief as his
relief as his pleading may warrant, unless the or her pleading may warrant, unless the court in
court in its discretion requires the claimant its discretion requires the claimant to submit
to submit evidence. Such reception of evidence. Such reception of evidence may be
evidence may be delegated to the clerk of delegated to the clerk of court.
court. (1a, R18)
(a) Effect of order of default. — A party in
default shall be entitled to notices of
(a) Effect of order of default. — A party in
subsequent proceedings but shall not take
default shall be entitled to notice of
part in the trial.
subsequent proceedings but not to take
part in the trial. (2a, R18)
(b) Relief from order of default. — A party
declared in default may at any time after
(b)Relief from order of default. — A party
declared in default may at any time
notice thereof and before judgment, file a
after notice thereof and before
motion under oath to set aside the order of
judgment file a motion under oath to set
default upon proper showing that his or her
aside the order of default upon proper
failure to answer was due to fraud, accident,
showing that his failure to answer
mistake or excusable negligence and that he
was due to fraud, accident, mistake or
or she has a meritorious defense. In such
excusable negligence and that he has a
case, the
meritorious defense. In such case, the order of default may be set aside on such
order of default may be set aside on
such terms and conditions as the
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judge may impose in the interest of terms and conditions as the judge may
justice. (3a, R18) impose in the interest of justice.
(c) Effect of partial default. — When a (c) Effect of partial default. — When a pleading
pleading asserting a claim states a asserting a claim states a common cause of
common cause of action against action against several defending parties, some
several defending parties, some of of whom answer and the others fail to do so,
whom answer and the others fail to do the court shall try the case against all upon the
so, the court shall try the case against answers thus filed and render judgment upon
all upon the answers thus filed and the evidence presented.
render judgment upon the evidence
presented. (4a, R18). (d) Extent of relief to be awarded. — A
judgment rendered against a party in default
(d)Extent of relief to be awarded. — A shall neither exceed the amount or be
judgment rendered against a party in different in kind from that prayed for nor
default shall not exceed the amount or award unliquidated damages.
be different in kind from that prayed
for nor award unliquidated damages. (e) Where no defaults allowed. — If the
(5a, R18). defending party in an action for annulment
or declaration of nullity of marriage or for
(e) Where no defaults allowed. — If the legal separation fails to answer, the court
defending party in an action for shall order the Solicitor General or his or her
annulment or declaration of nullity of deputized public prosecutor, to investigate
marriage or for legal separation fails to whether or not
answer, the court shall order the a collusion between the parties exists, and
prosecuting attorney to investigate if there is no collusion, to intervene
whether or not a collusion between
the parties exists, and if there is no
collusion, to intervene for the State in
order to see to it that the evidence
submitted is not fabricated. (6a,
R18)
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leave of court. But such leave may be made only upon leave of court. But such leave
refused if it appears to the court that the shall be refused if it appears to the court that the
motion was made with intent to delay. Orders motion was made with intent to delay or confer
of the court upon the matters provided in this jurisdiction on the court, or the pleading stated no
section shall be made upon motion filed in cause of action from the beginning which could be
court, and after notice to the adverse party, amended. Orders of the court upon the matters
and an opportunity to be heard. (3a) provided in this Section shall be made upon
motion filed in court, and after notice to the
adverse party, and an opportunity to be heard. (3a)
after judgment; but failure to amend does not deemed amended is necessary to cause them
effect the result of the trial of these issues. If to conform to the evidence. (5a)
evidence is objected to at the trial on the
ground that it is not within the issues made by
the pleadings, the court may allow the pleadings
to be amended and shall do so with liberality if
the presentation of the merits of the action
and the ends of substantial justice will be
subserved thereby. The court may grant a
continuance to enable the amendment to be
made. (5a)
Section 1. Answer to the complaint. — The Section 1. Answer to the complaint. — The
defendant shall file his answer to the defendant shall file his or her answer to the
complaint within fifteen (15) days after service complaint within thirty (30) calendar days after
of summons, unless a different period is fixed service of summons, unless a different period is
by the court. (la) fixed by the court. (1a)
within thirty (30) days after receipt of summons within sixty (60) calendar days after receipt of
by such entity. (2a) summons by such entity. (2a)
Where its filing is not a matter of right, the Where its filing is not a matter of right, the
defendant shall answer the amended defendant shall answer the amended complaint
complaint within ten (l0) days from notice of within fifteen (15) calendar days from notice of
the order admitting the same. An answer the order admitting the same. An answer earlier
earlier filed may serve as the answer to the filed may serve as the answer to the amended
amended complaint if no new answer is filed. complaint if no new answer is filed.
This Rule shall apply to the answer to an This Rule shall apply to the answer to an amended
amended counterclaim, amended cross-claim, counterclaim, amended crossclaim, amended third
amended third (fourth, etc.)—party complaint,
(fourth, etc.)-party complaint, and amended
complaint-inintervention. (3a)
and amended complaint-in-intervention. (3a)
Section 5. Answer to third (fourth, etc.)-party Section 5. Answer to third (fourth, etc.)-party
complaint. — The time to answer a third complaint. — The time to answer a third (fourth,
(fourth, etc.)—party complaint shall be etc.)-party complaint shall be governed by the
governed by the same rule as the answer to same rule as the answer to the complaint. (5)
the complaint. (5a)
Section 10. Omitted counterclaim or cross-claim. Section 10. Omitted counterclaim or cross-
— When a pleader fails to set up a claim. — When a pleader fails to set up a
counterclaim or a cross-claim through counterclaim or a cross-claim through oversight,
oversight, inadvertence, or excusable neglect, inadvertence, or excusable neglect, or when
or when justice requires, he may, by leave of justice requires, he or she may, by leave of court,
court, set up the counterclaim or cross-claim by set up the counterclaim or cross-claim by
amendment before judgment. (3, R9) amendment before judgment. (10a)
Section 11. Extension of time to plead. — Section 11. Extension of time to file an
Upon motion and on such terms as may be answer. — A defendant may, for meritorious
just, the court may extend the time to plead reasons, be granted an additional period of not
provided in these Rules. more than thirty (30) calendar days to file an
answer. A defendant is only allowed to file one
The court may also, upon like terms, allow an (1) motion for extension of time to file an answer.
answer or other pleading to be filed after the
time fixed by these Rules. (7)
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Section 1. When applied for; purpose. — Before Section 1. When applied for; purpose. —
responding to a pleading, a party may move Before responding to a pleading, a party may
for a definite statement or for a bill of move for a definite statement or for a bill of
particulars of any matter which is not averted particulars of any matter, which is not averred
with sufficient definiteness or particularity to with sufficient definiteness or particularity, to
enable him properly to prepare his responsive enable him or her properly to prepare his or her
pleading. If the pleading is a reply, the motion responsive pleading. If the pleading is a reply, the
must be filed within ten (10) days from service motion must be filed within ten (10) calendar days
thereof. Such motion shall point out the defects from service thereof. Such motion shall point out
complained of, the paragraphs wherein they the defects complained of, the paragraphs wherein
are contained, and the details desired. (1a) they are contained, and the details desired. (1a)
Section 2. Action by the court. — Upon the Section 2. Action by the court. — Upon the
filing of the motion, the clerk of court must filing of the motion, the clerk of court must
immediately bring it to the attention of the immediately bring it to the attention of the
court which may court, which may either deny or grant it
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either deny or grant it outright, or allow the outright, or allow the parties the opportunity to be
parties the opportunity to be heard. (n) heard. (2)
Section 3. Compliance with order. — If the Section 3. Compliance with order. — If the
motion is granted, either in whole or in part, motion is granted, either in whole or in part, the
the compliance therewith must be effected compliance therewith must be effected within ten
within ten (10) calendar days from notice of the order, unless
(10) days from notice of the order, unless a a different period is fixed by the court. The bill of
different period is fixed by the court. The bill of particulars or a more definite statement ordered
particulars or a more definite statement ordered by the court may be filed either in a separate or in
by the court may be filed either in a separate an amended pleading, serving a copy thereof on
or in an amended pleading, serving a copy the adverse party. (3a)
thereof on the adverse party. (n)
Section 5. Stay of period to file responsive Section 5. Stay of period to file responsive
pleading. — After service of the bill of pleading. — After service of the bill of
particulars or of a more definite pleading, or particulars or of a more definite pleading, or after
after notice of denial of his motion, the moving notice of denial of his or her motion, the moving
party may file his responsive pleading within party may file his or her responsive
the period to which he was entitled at the time pleading within the period to which he or she
of filing his motion, which
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shall not be less than five (5) days in any was entitled at the time of filing his or her
event. (1[b]a) motion, which shall not be less than five (5)
calendar days in any event. (5a)
Section 6. Bill a part of pleading. — A bill of Section 6. Bill a part of pleading. — A bill
particulars becomes part of the pleading for of particulars becomes part of the pleading for
which it is intended. (1[a]a) which it is intended. (6)
RULE 13
FILING AND SERVICE OF PLEADINGS, JUDGMENTS AND OTHER PAPERS
Section 1. Coverage. — This Rule shall Section 1. Coverage. — This Rule shall
govern the filing of all pleadings and other govern the filing of all pleadings, motions, and
papers, as well as the service thereof, except other court submissions, as well as their service,
those for which a different mode of service except those for which a different mode of service
is prescribed. (n) is prescribed. (1a)
Section 2. Filing and service, defined. — Filing Section 2. Filing and Service, defined. — Filing
is the act of presenting the pleading or other is the act of submitting the pleading or other
paper to the clerk of court. paper to the court.
Service is the act of providing a party with a Service is the act of providing a party with a
copy of the pleading or paper concerned. If copy of the pleading or any other court
any party has appeared by counsel, service submission. If a party has appeared by
upon him shall
be made upon his counsel or one of them,
unless
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service upon the party himself is ordered by counsel, service upon such party shall be made
the court. Where one counsel appears for upon his or her counsel, unless service upon the
several parties, he shall only be entitled to party and the party’s counsel is ordered by the
one copy of any paper served upon him by the court. Where one counsel appears for several
opposite side. (2a) parties, such counsel shall only be entitled to one
copy of any paper served by the opposite side.
Section 3. Manner of filing. — The filing of Section 3. Manner of filing. — The filing of
pleadings, appearances, motions, notices, pleadings and other court submissions shall be
orders, judgments and all other papers shall be made by:
made by presenting the original copies
thereof, plainly indicated as such, personally (a) Submitting personally the original thereof,
to the clerk of court or by sending them by plainly indicated as such, to the court;
registered mail. In the first case, the clerk of
court shall endorse on the pleading the date (b) Sending them by registered mail;
and hour of filing. In the second case, the
date of the mailing of motions, pleadings, or (c) Sending them by accredited courier; or
any other papers or payments or deposits, as
shown by the post office stamp on the
(d) Transmitting them by electronic mail or
envelope or the registry receipt, shall be other electronic means as may be
considered as the date of their filing, payment,
or
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deposit in court. The envelope shall be attached authorized by the Court in places where the
to the record of the case. (1a) court is electronically equipped.
Section 4. Papers required to be filed and served. Section 4. Papers required to be filed and
— Every judgment, resolution, order, served. – Every judgment, resolution, order,
pleading subsequent to the complaint, pleading subsequent to the complaint, written
written motion, notice, appearance, demand, motion, notice, appearance, demand, offer of
offer of judgment or similar papers shall be judgment or similar papers shall be filed with the
filed with the court, and served upon the court, and served upon the parties affected. (4)
parties affected. (2a)
other papers shall be made either personally or personally or by registered mail, accredited
by mail. (3a) courier, electronic mail, facsimile transmission,
other electronic means as may be authorized by
the Court, or as provided for in international
conventions to which the Philippines is a party.
(5a)
instructions to the postmaster to return the mail fully pre-paid, and with instructions to the
to the sender after ten (10) days if postmaster to return the mail to the sender after ten
undelivered. If no registry service is available in (l0) calendar days if undelivered. If no registry
the locality of either the senders or the service is available in the locality of either the
addressee, service may be done by ordinary sender or the addressee, service may be done by
mail. (5a; Bar Matter No. 803, 17 February ordinary mail. (7a)
1998)
Section 9. Service of judgments, final orders, or Section 13. Service of Judgments, Final
resolutions. — Judgments, final orders or Orders or Resolutions. — Judgments, final
resolutions shall be served either personally or orders, or resolutions shall be served either
by registered mail. When a party personally or by registered mail. Upon ex parte
summoned by publication has failed to motion of any party in the case, a copy of the
appear in the action, judgments, final orders judgment, final order, or resolution may
or resolutions against him be delivered by accredited courier at the
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shall be served upon him also by publication at expense of such party. When a party summoned by
the expense of the prevailing party. (7a) publication has failed to appear in the action,
judgments, final orders or resolutions against him
or her shall be served upon him or her also by
means of publication at the expense of the
prevailing party. (9a)
Section 12. Proof of filing. — The filing of a Section 16. Proof of filing. — The filing of a
pleading or paper shall be proved by its pleading or any other court submission shall be
existence in the record of the case. If it is not proved by its existence in the record of the case.
in the record, but is claimed to have been
filed personally, the filing shall be proved by (a) If the pleading or any other court
the written or stamped acknowledgment of its submission is not in the record, but is
filing by the clerk of court on a copy of the claimed to have been filed personally, the
same; if filed by registered mail, by the filing shall be proven by the written or
registry receipt and by the affidavit of the stamped acknowledgment of its filing by
person who did the mailing, containing a full the clerk of court on a copy of the pleading
statement of the date and place of depositing or court submission;
the mail in the post office in a sealed
envelope addressed to the court, with postage (b) If the pleading or any other court
fully prepaid, and with instructions to the submission was filed by registered mail, the
postmaster to return the mail to the sender filing shall be proven by the registry receipt
after ten (10) days if not delivered. (n) and by the affidavit of the person who
mailed it, containing a full statement of the
date and place of deposit of the mail in the
post office in a sealed envelope addressed
to the court, with postage fully prepaid, and
with instructions to the postmaster to
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Section 13. Proof of Service. — Proof of Section 17. Proof of service. –— Proof of
personal service shall consist of a written personal service shall consist of a written
admission of the party served, or the official admission of the party served, or the official
return of the server, or the affidavit of the party return of the server, or the affidavit of the party
serving, containing a full statement of the serving, containing a statement of the date,
date, place and manner of service. If the place, and manner of service. If the service is
service is by ordinary mail, proof thereof shall made by:
consist of an affidavit of the person mailing of
facts showing compliance with section 7 of this (a) Ordinary mail. – Proof shall consist of an
Rule. If service is made by registered mail, affidavit of the person mailing stating the
proof shall be made by such affidavit and facts showing compliance with Section 7 of
the registry receipt issued by the mailing this Rule.
office. The registry return card shall be filed
immediately upon its receipt by the sender, or (b) Registered mail. – Proof shall be made by
in lieu thereof the unclaimed letter together the affidavit mentioned above and the
with the certified or sworn copy of the notice registry receipt issued by the mailing
given by the postmaster to the addressee. office. The registry return card shall be
(10a) filed immediately upon its receipt by the
sender, or in lieu thereof, the unclaimed
letter together with the certified or sworn
copy of the notice given by the postmaster
to the addressee.
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Section 14. Notice of lis pendens. — In an Section 19. Notice of lis pendens. –— In an
action affecting the title or the right of action affecting the title or the right of possession
possession of real property, the plaintiff and of real property, the plaintiff and the defendant,
the defendant, when affirmative relief is when affirmative relief is claimed in his or her
claimed in his answer, may record in the office answer, may record in the office of the registry of
of the registry of deeds of the province in which deeds of the province in which the property is
the property is situated notice of the pendency situated a notice of the pendency of the action.
of the action. Said notice shall contain the Said notice shall contain the names of the parties
names of the parties and the object of the and the object of the action or defense, and a
action or defense, and a description of the description of the property in that province
property in that province affected thereby. affected thereby. Only from the time of filing such
Only from the time of filing such notice for notice for record shall a purchaser, or
record shall a purchaser, or encumbrancer of encumbrancer of the property affected thereby, be
the property affected thereby, be deemed to deemed to have constructive notice of the
pendency of the action, and only of its pendency
have constructive notice of the pendency of the
against the parties designated by their real names.
action, and only of its pendency against the
parties designated by their real names. The notice of lis pendens hereinabove mentioned
may be cancelled only upon order of the court,
The notice of lis pendens hereinabove mentioned after proper showing that the notice is for the
may be cancelled only upon order of the court, purpose of molesting the adverse party, or that it
after proper showing that the notice is for is not necessary to protect the rights of the party
the purpose of molesting the adverse party, or who caused it to be recorded. (14a)
that it is not necessary to protect the rights of
the rights of the party who caused it to be
recorded. (24a, R- 14)
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RULE 14 SUMMONS
Section 1. Clerk to issue summons. — Upon the Section 1. Clerk to issue summons. — Unless
filing of the complaint and the payment of the complaint is on its face dismissible under
the requisite legal fees, the clerk of court Section 1, Rule 9, the court shall, within five (5)
shall forthwith issue the corresponding calendar days from receipt of the initiatory
summons to the defendants. (1a) pleading and proof of payment of the requisite
legal fees, direct the clerk of court to issue the
corresponding summons to the defendants. (1a)
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Section 2. Contents. — The summons shall Section 2. Contents. — The summons shall
be directed to the defendant, signed by the be directed to the defendant, signed by the clerk
clerk of court under seal and contain (a) the of court under seal, and contain:
name of the court and the names of the
parties to the action; (a) The name of the court and the names of
(b) a direction that the defendant answer the parties to the action;
within the time fixed by these Rules; (c) a
notice that unless the defendant so answers (b) When authorized by the court upon ex
plaintiff will take judgment by default and may parte motion, an authorization for the
be granted the relief applied for. plaintiff to serve summons to the
defendant;
A copy of the complaint and order for
appointment of guardian ad litem if any, shall be (c) A direction that the defendant answer
attached to the original and each copy of the within the time fixed by these Rules; and
summons. (3a)
(d) A notice that unless the defendant so
answers, plaintiff will take judgment by
default and may be granted the relief
applied for.
proper court officer, or for justifiable reasons or her deputy, or other proper court officer, and
by any suitable person authorized by the in case of failure of service of summons by
court issuing the summons. (5a) them, the court may authorize the plaintiff
- to serve the summons - together with the
sheriff.
defendant in person, or, if he refuses to the defendant in person and informing the
receive and sign for it, by tendering it to defendant that he or she is being served, or, if he
him. (7a) or she refuses to receive and sign for it, by
leaving the summons within the view and in the
presence of the defendant. (6a)
Section 7. Substituted service. — If, for Section 6. Substituted service. — If, for MANOTOC CASE.
justifiable causes, the defendant cannot be justifiable causes, the defendant cannot be
served within a reasonable time as provided served personally after at least three (3)
in the preceding section, service may be attempts on two (2) different dates, service
effected (a) by leaving copies of the may be effected:
summons at the defendant's residence with
some person of suitable age and discretion (a) By leaving copies of the summons at the
then residing therein, or (b) by leaving the defendant's residence to a person at least
copies at defendant's office or regular place of eighteen (18) years of age and of sufficient
business with some competent person in charge discretion residing therein;
thereof. (8a)
(b) By leaving copies of the summons at the
defendant's office or regular place of
business with some competent person in
charge thereof. A competent person
includes, but is not limited to, one who
customarily receives correspondences for
the defendant;
Section 8. Service upon entity without juridical Section 7. Service upon entity without
personality. — When persons associated in an juridical personality. — When persons
entity without juridical personality are sued associated in an entity without juridical
under the name by which they are generally personality are sued under the name by which
or commonly known, service may be effected they are generally or commonly known, service
upon all the defendants by serving upon any may be effected upon all the defendants by
one of them, or upon the person in charge of serving upon any one of them, or upon the
the office or place of business maintained in person in charge of the office or place of
such name. But such service shall not bind business maintained in such name. But such
individually any person whose connection with service shall not bind individually any person
the entity has, upon due notice, been whose connection with the entity has, upon due
severed before the action was brought. (9a) notice, been severed before the action was filed.
(8a)
Section 9. Service upon prisoners. — When Section 8. Service upon prisoners. — When
the defendant is a prisoner confined in a the defendant is a prisoner confined in a jail or
jail or institution, service shall be effected institution, service shall be effected upon
upon him by the officer having the him or her by the officer having the
management of such jail or
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Section 10. Service upon minors and Section 10. Service upon minors and
incompetents. — When the defendant is a incompetents. — When the defendant is a minor,
minor, insane or otherwise an incompetent, insane or otherwise an incompetent person,
service shall be made upon him personally service of summons shall be made upon him or
and on his legal guardian if he has one, or if her personally and on his or her legal guardian if
none his guardian ad litem whose appointment he or she has one, or if none, upon his or her
shall be applied for by the plaintiff. In the guardian ad litem whose appointment shall be
case of a minor, service may also be made on applied for by the plaintiff. In the case of a
his father or mother. (l0a, 11a) minor, service shall be made on his or her parent
or guardian. (10a)
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Section 11. Service upon domestic private Section 12. Service upon domestic private
juridical entity. — When the defendant is a juridical entity. — When the defendant is a
corporation, partnership or association corporation, partnership or association
organized under the laws of the Philippines organized under the laws of the Philippines with
with a juridical personality, service may be a juridical personality, service may be made on
made on the president, managing partner, the president, managing partner, general
general manager, corporate secretary, manager, corporate secretary, treasurer, or in-
treasurer, or in-house counsel. (13a) house counsel of the corporation wherever they
may be found, or in their absence or
unavailability, on their secretaries.
Section 12. Service upon foreign private juridical Section 14. Service upon foreign private
entities. — When the defendant is a foreign juridical entities. — When the defendant is a
private juridical entity which has transacted foreign private juridical entity which has
business in the Philippines, service may be transacted or is doing business in the Philippines,
made on its resident agent designated in as defined by law, service may be made on its
accordance with law for that purpose, or, if resident agent designated in accordance with law
there be no such agent, on the government for that purpose, or, if there be no such agent, on
official designated by the government
official designated by law to that effect, or on
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law to that effect, or on any of its officers or any of its officers, agents, directors or
agents within the Philippines. (14a) trustees within the Philippines.
(c) By facsimile;
Section 13. Service upon public corporations. — Section 15. Service upon public corporations.
When the defendant is the Republic of the — When the defendant is the Republic of the
Philippines, service may be effected on the Philippines, service may be effected on the
Solicitor General; in case of a province, city Solicitor General; in case of a province, city or
or municipality, or like public corporations, municipality, or like public corporations, service
service may be effected on its executive head, may be effected on its executive head, or on such
or on such other officer or officers as the law or other officer or officers as the law or the court
the court may direct. (15) may direct. (13a)
Section 14. Service upon defendant whose Section 16. Service upon defendant whose
identity or whereabouts are unknown. — In any identity or whereabouts are unknown. — In
action where the defendant is designated as any action where the defendant is designated as
an unknown owner, or the like, or whenever an unknown owner, or the like, or whenever his
his whereabouts are unknown and cannot or her whereabouts are unknown and cannot be
be ascertained by diligent inquiry, service ascertained by diligent inquiry, within ninety
may, by leave of court, be effected upon him by (90) calendar days from the commencement of
publication in a newspaper of general the action, service may, by leave of court, be
circulation and in such places and for such effected upon him or her by publication in a
time as the court may order. (16a) newspaper of general circulation and in such
places and for such time as the court may order.
Section 15. Extraterritorial service. — When the Section 17. Extraterritorial service. — When
defendant does not reside and is not found in the defendant does not reside and is not found in
the Philippines, and the action affects the the Philippines, and the action affects the personal
personal status of the plaintiff or relates to, or status of the plaintiff or relates to, or the subject of
the subject of which is, property within the which is, property within the Philippines, in which
Philippines, in which the defendant has or the defendant has or claims a lien or interest,
claims a lien or interest, actual or contingent, actual or contingent, or in which the relief
or in which the relief demanded consists, wholly demanded consists, wholly or in part, in excluding
or in part, in excluding the defendant from any the defendant from any interest therein, or the
interest therein, or the property of the property of the defendant has been attached within
defendant has been attached within the the Philippines, service may, by leave of court, be
Philippines, service may, by leave of court, be effected out of the Philippines by personal service
effected out of the Philippines by personal as under Section 6; or as provided for in
service as under section 6; or by publication in international conventions to which the Philippines
a newspaper of general circulation in such
is a party; or by publication in a newspaper of
general circulation in such places and for such
places and for such time as the court may
time as the court may order, in which case a copy
order, in which case a copy of the summons
of the summons and order of the court shall be
and order of the court shall be sent by sent by registered mail to the last known address
registered mail to the last known address of of the defendant, or in any other manner the court
the defendant, or in any other manner the court may deem sufficient. Any order granting such
may deem sufficient. Any order granting such leave shall specify a reasonable time,
leave shall specify a reasonable time, which which shall not be less than sixty (60)
shall not be less than sixty
(60) days after notice, within which the
defendant
must answer. (17a)
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Section 16. Residents temporarily out of the Section 18. Residents temporarily out of the
Philippines. — When any action is Philippines. — When any action is commenced
commenced against a defendant who against a defendant who ordinarily resides within
ordinarily resides within the Philippines, but the Philippines, but who is temporarily out of it,
who is temporarily out of it, service may, by service may, by leave of court, be also effected
leave of court, be also effected out of the out of the Philippines, as under the preceding
Philippines, as under the preceding section. Section. (16a)
(18a)
Section 17. Leave of court. — Any application Section 19. Leave of court. — Any
to the court under this Rule for leave to effect application to the court under this Rule for leave
service in any manner for which leave of to effect service in any manner for which leave of
court is necessary shall be made by motion court is necessary shall be made by motion in
in writing, supported by affidavit of the writing, supported by affidavit of the plaintiff or
plaintiff or some person on his behalf, setting some person on his behalf, setting forth the
forth the grounds for the application. (19) grounds for the application. (17a)
Section 4. Return. — When the service has Section 20. Return. — Within thirty (30)
been completed, the server shall, within five calendar days from issuance of summons by the
(5) days therefrom, serve a copy of the return, clerk of court and receipt thereof, the sheriff or
personally or by registered mail, to the process server, or person authorized by the
plaintiff's counsel, and court, shall complete its
service. Within five (5) calendar days from
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shall return the summons to the clerk, who service of summons, the server shall file with
issued it, accompanied by proof of service. the court and serve a copy of the return to the
(6a) plaintiff’s counsel, personally, by registered
mail, or by electronic means authorized by the
Rules.
Section 18. Proof of service. — The proof of Section 21. Proof of service. — The proof
service of a summons shall be made in of service of a summons shall be made in
writing by the server and shall set forth the writing by the server and shall set forth the
manner, place, and date of service; shall manner, place, and date of service; shall specify
specify any papers which have been served any papers which have been served with the
with the process and the name of the person process and the name of the person who
who received the same; and shall be sworn to received the same; and shall be sworn to when
when made by a person other than a sheriff made by a person other than a sheriff or his or
or his deputy. (20) her deputy.
Section 19. Proof of service by publication. — If Section 22. Proof of service by publication.
the service has been made by publication, — If the service has been made by publication,
service may be proved by the affidavit of the service may be proved by the affidavit of the
printer, his foreman or principal clerk, or of publisher, editor, business or advertising
the editor, business or advertising manager, to manager, to which affidavit a copy of the
which affidavit a copy of the publication shall publication shall be attached and by an affidavit
be attached and by an affidavit showing the showing the deposit of a copy of the summons
deposit of a copy of the summons and order and order for
for publication in the post publication in the post office, postage
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Section 20. Voluntary appearance. — The Section 23. Voluntary appearance. — The
defendant's voluntary appearance in the defendant's voluntary appearance in the action
action shall be equivalent to service of shall be equivalent to service of summons. The
summons. The inclusion in a motion to inclusion in a motion to dismiss of other
dismiss of other grounds aside from lack of grounds aside from lack of jurisdiction over the
jurisdiction over the person of the defendant person of the defendant shall be deemed a
shall not be deemed a voluntary voluntary appearance. (20a)
appearance. (23a)
RULE 15 MOTIONS
Section 2. Motions must be in writings. — All Section 2. Motions must be in writing. — All
motions shall be in writing except those made motions shall be in writing except those made in
in open court or in the course of a hearing or open court or in the course of a hearing or trial.
trial. (2a)
A motion made in open court or in the
course of a hearing or trial should
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Section 3. Contents. — A motion shall state Section 3. Contents. – A motion shall state
the relief sought to be obtained and the grounds the relief sought to be obtained and the grounds
upon which it is based, and if required by upon which it is based, and if required by these
these Rules or necessary to prove facts Rules or necessary to prove facts alleged
alleged therein, shall be accompanied by therein, shall be accompanied by supporting
supporting affidavits and other papers. (3a) affidavits and other papers. (3)
Every written motion required to be heard and b) Motion for extension to file answer;
the notice of the hearing thereof shall be
served in such a manner as to ensure its c) Motion for postponement;
receipt by the other party at least three (3)
days before the date of hearing, unless the d) Motion for the issuance of a writ of
court for good cause sets the hearing on execution;
shorter notice. (4a)
e) Motion for the issuance of an alias writ of
execution;
2) Motion to dismiss;
Section 7. Motion day. — Except for Section 8. Motion day. — Except for motions
motions requiring immediate action, all requiring immediate action, where the court
motions shall be scheduled for hearing on decides to conduct hearing on a litigious motion,
Friday afternoons, or if Friday is a non- the same shall be set on a Friday. (7a)
working day, in the afternoon of the next
working day. (7a)
Section 9. Motion for leave. — A motion for Section 10. Motion for leave. — A motion
leave to file a pleading or motion shall be for leave to file a pleading or motion shall be
accompanied by the pleading or motion sought accompanied by the pleading or motion sought to
to be admitted. (n) be admitted. (9)
Section 10. Form. — The Rules applicable to Section 11. Form. — The Rules applicable to
pleadings shall apply to written motions so far pleadings shall apply to written motions so far
as
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Rule 16, Section 5. Effect of dismissal. — Section. 13. Dismissal with prejudice. —
Subject to the right of appeal, an order Subject to the right of appeal, an order granting a
granting a motion to dismiss based on motion to dismiss or an affirmative defense that
paragraphs (f), (h) and (i) of section 1 hereof the cause of action is barred by a prior judgment
shall bar the refiling of the same action or or by the statute of limitations; that the claim or
claim. (n) demand set forth in the plaintiff’s pleading has
been paid, waived, abandoned or otherwise
extinguished; or that the claim on which the
action is founded is unenforceable under the
provisions of the statute of frauds, shall bar the
refiling of the same action or claim. (5, R16)
Section 1. Dismissal upon notice by plaintiff. — A Section 1. Dismissal upon notice by plaintiff.
complaint may be dismissed by the plaintiff — A complaint may be dismissed by the plaintiff
by filing a notice of dismissal at any time by filing a notice of dismissal at any time before
before service of the answer or of a motion service of the answer or of a motion for summary
for summary judgment. Upon such notice being judgment. Upon such notice being filed, the court
filed, the court shall issue an order confirming shall issue an order confirming the dismissal.
the dismissal. Unless otherwise stated in the notice, the dismissal
Unless otherwise stated in the notice, the is without prejudice, except that a notice operates
dismissal is without prejudice, except that a as an adjudication upon the merits when filed by a
notice operates as an adjudication upon the plaintiff who has once dismissed in a competent
merits when filed by a plaintiff who has once court an action based on or including the same
dismissed in a competent court an action claim. (1)
based on or including the same claim. (1a)
unless within fifteen (15) days from notice of prejudice to the right of the defendant to
the motion he manifests his preference to prosecute his or her counterclaim in a separate
have his counterclaim resolved in the same action unless within fifteen (15) calendar days
action. Unless otherwise specified in the order, a from notice of the motion he or she manifests
dismissal under this paragraph shall be without his or her preference to have his or her
prejudice. A class suit shall not be dismissed or counterclaim resolved in the same action.
compromised without the approval of the Unless otherwise specified in the order, a
court. (2a) dismissal under this paragraph shall be without
prejudice. A class suit shall not be dismissed or
compromised without the approval of the court.
(2a)
Section 3. Dismissal due to fault of plaintiff. — If, Section 3. Dismissal due to fault of plaintiff.
for no justifiable cause, the plaintiff fails to — If, for no justifiable cause, the plaintiff fails to
appear on the date of the presentation of his appear on the date of the presentation of his or
evidence in chief on the complaint, or to her evidence in chief on the complaint, or to
prosecute his action for an unreasonable prosecute his or her action for an unreasonable
length of time, or to comply with these Rules length of time, or to comply with these Rules or
or any order of the court, the complaint may any order of the court, the complaint may be
be dismissed upon motion of the defendant or dismissed upon motion of the defendant or upon
upon the court's own motion, without prejudice the court's own motion, without prejudice to the
to the right of the defendant to prosecute his right of the defendant to prosecute his or her
counterclaim in the same or in a separate counterclaim in the same or in a separate action.
action. This dismissal shall have the effect of This dismissal shall have the effect of an
an adjudication upon the merits, unless adjudication upon the merits, unless otherwise
otherwise declared by the court. (3a) declared by the court. (3a)
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RULE 18 PRE-TRIAL
Section 1. When conducted. — After the last Section 1. When conducted. — After the last
pleading has been served and filed, if shall be responsive pleading has been served and filed, the
the duty of the plaintiff to promptly move ex branch clerk of court shall issue, within five (5)
parte that the case be set for pre-trial (5a, calendar days from filing, a notice of pre-trial
R20) which shall be set not later than sixty (60)
calendar days from the filing of the last
responsive pleading. (1a)
Section 2. Nature and purpose. — The pre-trial Section. 2. Nature and Purpose. — The pre-
is mandatory. The court shall consider: trial is mandatory and should be terminated
promptly. The court shall consider:
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(b) The simplification of the issues; (b) The simplification of the issues;
(g)The propriety of rendering judgment (g) The requirement for the parties to:
on the pleadings, or summary judgment,
or of dismissing the action should a 1.Mark their respective evidence if not yet
valid ground therefor be found to exist; marked in the judicial affidavits of their
witnesses;
(h)The advisability or necessity
of suspending the proceedings;
and
Section 3. Notice of pre-trial. — The notice of Section. 3. Notice of pre-trial. — The notice
pre- trial shall be served on counsel, or on of pre-trial shall include the dates respectively set
the party who has no counsel. The counsel for:
served with such notice is charged with the
duty of notifying the party represented by (a) Pre-trial;
him. (n)
(b) Court-Annexed Mediation; and
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Section 6. Pre-trial brief. — The parties shall Section 6. Pre-trial brief. — The parties shall
file with the court and serve on the adverse file with the court and serve on the adverse party,
party, in such manner as shall ensure their in such manner as shall ensure their receipt
receipt thereof at least three (3) days before thereof at least three (3) calendar days before the
the date of the pre- trial, their respective pre- date of the pre-trial, their respective pre-trial
trial briefs which shall contain, among others: briefs which shall contain, among others:
modes of dispute resolution, indicating (a) A concise statement of the case and the
the desired terms thereof; reliefs prayed for;
(c) The issues to be tried or resolved; (c) The main factual and legal issues to be
tried or resolved;
(d)The documents or exhibits to be
presented stating the purpose (d) The propriety of referral of factual
thereof; issues to commissioners;
RULE 19 INTERVENTION
Section 1. Who may intervene. — A person Section 1. Who may intervene. — A person
who has a legal interest in the matter in who has a legal interest in the matter in
litigation, or in the success of either of the litigation, or in the success of either of the
parties, or an interest against both, or is so parties, or an interest against both, or is so
situated as to be adversely affected by a situated as to be adversely affected by a
distribution or other disposition of property in distribution or other disposition of property in
the custody of the court or of an officer thereof the custody of the court or of an officer thereof
may, with leave of court, be allowed to may, with leave of court, be allowed to intervene
intervene in the action. The court shall in the action. The court shall consider whether or
consider whether or not the intervention will not the intervention will unduly delay or
unduly delay or prejudice the adjudication of prejudice the adjudication of the rights of the
the rights of the original parties, and original parties, and whether or not the
whether or not the intervenor's rights may be intervenor’s rights may be fully protected in a
fully protected in a separate proceeding.
separate proceeding. (1)
(2[a], [b]a, R12)
Section 2. Time to intervene. — The motion to Section 2. Time to intervene. — The motion
intervene may be filed at any time before to intervene may be filed at any time before
rendition of judgment by the trial court. A rendition of judgment by the trial court. A copy
copy of the of the pleading-inintervention shall be
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Section 1. Calendar of cases. — The clerk Section 1. Calendar of cases. — The clerk of
of court, under the direct supervision of the court, under the direct supervision of the judge,
judge, shall keep a calendar of cases for shall keep a calendar of cases for pre- trial, for
pre-trial, for trial, those whose trials were trial, those whose trials were adjourned or
adjourned or postponed, and those with postponed, and those with
motions to set for hearing. Preference motions to set for hearing. Preference shall
shall be given to habeas
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corpus cases, election cases, special civil be given to habeas corpus cases, election, cases,
actions, and those so required by law. (1a, special civil actions, and those so required by
R22) law. (1)
RULE 21 SUBPOENA
Section 1. Subpoena and subpoena duces tecum. Section 1. Subpoena and subpoena duces tecum.
— Subpoena is a process directed to a — Subpoena is a process directed to a person requiring
person requiring him to attend and to testify at him or her to attend and to testify at the hearing or the
the hearing or the trial of an action, or at any trial of an action, or at any investigation conducted by
investigation conducted by competent competent authority, or for the taking of his or her
authority, or for the taking of his deposition. deposition. It may also require him or her to bring with
It may also require him to bring with him any him or her any books, documents, or other things under
books, documents, or other things under his his or her control, in which case it is called a subpoena
control, in which case it is called a subpoena duces tecum. (1a)
duces tecum. (1a, R23)
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Section 2. By whom issued. — The Section 2. By whom issued. — The subpoena may be
subpoena may be issued by — issued by -
(a) the court before whom the witness (a) The court before whom the witness is required to
is required to attend; attend;
(b)the court of the place where (b) The court of the place where the deposition is to
the deposition is to be taken; be taken;
(c) the officer or body authorized by law (c) The officer or body authorized by law to do so in
to do so in connection with connection with investigations conducted by said
investigations conducted by said officer or body; or
officer or body; or
(d) Any Justice of the Supreme Court or the Court of
(d)any Justice of the Supreme Court or Appeals in any case or investigation pending
of the Court of Appeals in any case or within the Philippines.
investigation pending within the
Philippines. When an application for a subpoena to a prisoner is
made, the judge or officer shall examine and study
When application for a subpoena to a prisoner carefully such application to determine whether the same
is made, the judge or officer shall examine and is made for a valid purpose.
study carefully such application to determine
whether the same is made for a valid purpose. No prisoner sentenced to death, reclusion perpetua or
life imprisonment and who is confined in any penal
No prisoner sentenced to death, reclusion institution shall be brought outside the penal institution
perpetua or life imprisonment and who is for appearance or attendance in any court unless
confined in any penal institution shall be authorized by the Supreme Court. (2a)
brought outside the said penal institution for
appearance or attendance in any court unless
authorized by the Supreme Court (2a, R23)
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Section 3. Form and contents. — A subpoena Section 3. Form and contents. — A subpoena shall
shall state the name of the court and the title state the name of the court and the title of the action or
of the action or investigation, shall be directed investigation, shall be directed to the person whose
to the person whose attendance is required, attendance is required, and in the case of a subpoena
and in the case of a subpoena duces tecum, it duces tecum, it shall also contain a reasonable
shall also contain a reasonable description of description of the books, documents or things demanded
the books, documents or things demanded which must appear to the court prima facie relevant. (3)
which must appear to the court prima facie
relevant. (3a, R23)
Section 4. Quashing a subpoena. — The court Section 4. Quashing a subpoena. — The court may
may quash a subpoena duces tecum upon quash a subpoena duces tecum upon motion promptly
motion promptly made and, in any event, at or made and, in any event, at or before the time specified
before the time specified therein if it is therein if it is unreasonable and oppressive, or the
unreasonable and oppressive, or the relevancy of the books, documents or things does not
relevancy of the books, documents or things appear, or if the person in whose behalf the subpoena is
does not appear, or if the person in whose issued fails to advance the reasonable cost of the
behalf the subpoena is issued fails to production thereof.
advance the reasonable cost of the
production thereof. The court may quash a subpoena ad testificandum on
the ground that the witness is not bound thereby. In
The court may quash a subpoena either case, the subpoena may be quashed on the
ad testificandum on the ground that the ground that the witness fees and kilometrage allowed
witness is not bound thereby. In either case,
by these Rules were not tendered when the subpoena
was served. (4)
the subpoena may be quashed on the ground
that the witness fees and kilometrage allowed
by these Rules were not tendered when the
subpoena was served. (4a, R23)
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Section 5. Subpoena for depositions. — Proof of Section 5. Subpoena for depositions. — Proof of
service of a notice to take a deposition, as service of a notice to take a deposition, as provided in
provided in sections 15 and 25 of Rule 23, Sections 15 and 25 of Rule 23, shall constitute sufficient
shall constitute sufficient authorization for the authorization for the issuance of subpoenas for the
issuance of subpoenas for the persons named in persons named in said notice by the clerk of the court of
said notice by the clerk of the court of the the place in which the deposition is to be taken. The
place in which the deposition is to be taken. clerk shall not, however, issue a subpoena duces tecum
The clerk shall not, however, issue a to any such person without an order of the court. (5)
subpoena duces tecum to any such person
without an order of the court. (5a, R23)
Section 10. Exceptions. — The provisions of Section 10. Exceptions. — The provisions of
sections 8 and 9 of this Rule shall not apply Sections 8 and 9 of this Rule shall not apply to a witness
to a witness who resides more than one who resides more than one hundred (100) kilometers
hundred (100) kilometers from his residence to from his or her residence to the place where he or she is
the place where he is to testify by the to testify by the ordinary course of travel, or to a
ordinary course of travel, or to a detention detention prisoner if no permission of the court in which
prisoner if no permission of the court in his or her case is pending was obtained. (10a)
which his case is pending was obtained. (9a,
R23)
Section 1. How to compute time. — In Section 1. How to compute time. — In computing any
computing any period of time prescribed or period of time prescribed or allowed by these Rules, or
allowed by these Rules, or by order of the by order of the court, or by any applicable statute, the day
court, or by any applicable statute, the day of of the act or event from which the designated period of
the act or event from which the designated time begins to run is to be excluded and the date of
period of time begins to run is to be excluded performance included. If the last day of the period, as
and the date of performance included. If the thus computed, falls on a Saturday, a Sunday, or a legal
last day of the period, as thus computed, holiday in the place where the court sits, the time shall
falls on a Saturday a Sunday, or a legal holiday not run until the next working day. (1)
in the place where the court sits, the time
shall not run until the next working day. (a)
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Section 1. Depositions pending action, when may Section 1. Depositions pending action, when may
be taken. — By leave of court after jurisdiction be taken. — Upon ex parte motion of a party, the
has been obtained over any defendant or testimony of any person, whether a party or not, may be
over property which is the subject of the taken by deposition upon oral examination or written
action, or without such leave after an interrogatories. The attendance of witnesses may be
answer has been served, the testimony of compelled by the use of a subpoena as provided in Rule
any person, whether a party or not, may be 21. Depositions shall be taken only in accordance with
taken, at the instance of any party, by these Rules. The deposition of a person confined in
deposition upon oral examination or written prison may be taken only by leave of court on such
interrogatories. The attendance of terms as the court prescribes. (1a)
witnesses may be compelled by the use of a
subpoena as provided in Rule 21.
Depositions shall be taken only in
accordance with these Rules. The
deposition of a person confined in prison
may be taken only by leave of court on such
terms as the court prescribes. (1a, R24)
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Section 4. Use of depositions. — At the trial or Section 4. Use of depositions. — At the trial or upon
upon the hearing of a motion or an the hearing of a motion or an interlocutory proceeding,
interlocutory proceeding, any part or all of a any part or all of a deposition, so far as admissible under
deposition, so far as admissible under the rules the rules of evidence, may be used against any party
of evidence, may be used against any party who was present or represented at the taking of the
who was present or represented at the taking deposition or who had due notice thereof, in accordance
of the deposition or who had due notice with any one of the following provisions:
thereof, in accordance with any one of the
following provisions;
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(a) Any deposition may be used by (a) Any deposition may be used by any party for the
any party for the purpose of purpose of contradicting or impeaching the
contradicting or impeaching the testimony of the deponent as a witness;
testimony of deponent as a witness;
(b) The deposition of a party or of any one who at the
(b)The deposition of a party or of any time of taking the deposition was an officer,
one who at the time of taking the director, or managing agent of a public or private
deposition was an officer, director, or corporation, partnership, or association which is a
managing agent of a public or private party may be used by an adverse party for any
corporation, partnership, or association purpose;
which is a party may be used by an
adverse party for any purpose; (c) The deposition of a witness, whether or not a
party, may be used by any party for any purpose if
(c) The deposition of a witness, whether the court finds: (1) that the witness is dead; or (2)
or not a party, may be used by any that the witness resides at a distance more than
party for any purpose if the court finds: one hundred (100) kilometers from the place of
(1) that the witness is dead, or (2) that trial or hearing, or is out of the Philippines, unless
the witness resides at a distance more it appears that his or her absence was procured by
than one hundred (100) kilometers from the party offering the deposition; or (3) that the
the place of trial or hearing, or is out of witness is unable to attend or testify because of
the Philippines, unless it appears that age, sickness, infirmity, or imprisonment; or
his absence was procured by the party (4) that the party offering the deposition has been
offering the deposition, or (3) that the unable to procure the attendance of the witness by
witness is unable to attend or testify subpoena; or (5) upon application and notice, that
because of age, sickness, infirmity, or such exceptional circumstances exist as to make it
imprisonment, or (4) that the party desirable, in
offering the deposition has been unable the interest of justice and with due regard to the
to procure the attendance of the witness importance of presenting the testimony of
by subpoena; or (5) upon application
and notice, that such exceptional
circumstances exist as to make it
desirable, in the interest of justice
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and with due regard to the importance witnesses orally in open court, to allow the
of presenting the testimony of deposition to be used; and
witnesses orally in open court, to allow
the deposition to be used; and (d) If only part of a deposition is offered in evidence
by a party, the adverse party may require him or
(d) If only part of a deposition is her to introduce all of it which is relevant to the
offered in evidence by a party, the part introduced, and any party may introduce
adverse party may require him to any other parts. (4a)
introduce all of it which is relevant to the
part introduced, and any party may
introduce any other parts. (4a, R24)
thereof for any reason which would require reason which would require the exclusion of the
the exclusion of the evidence if the witness evidence if the witness were then present and
were then present and testifying (6, R24) testifying. (6)
Section 8. Effect of using depositions. — The Section 8. Effect of using depositions. — The
introduction in evidence of the deposition or any introduction in evidence of the deposition or any part
part thereof for any purpose other than that thereof for any purpose other than that of contradicting
of contradicting or impeaching the deponent or impeaching the deponent makes the deponent the
makes the deponent the witness of the party witness of the party introducing the deposition, but this
introducing the deposition, but this shall not shall not apply to the use by an adverse party of a
apply to the use by an adverse party of a deposition as described in paragraph (b) of Section 4 of
deposition as described in paragraph (b) of this Rule. (8)
section 4 of this Rule. (8, R24)
Section 9. Rebutting deposition. — At the trial Section 9. Rebutting deposition. — At the trial or
or hearing any party may rebut any hearing, any party may rebut any relevant evidence
relevant evidence contained in a deposition contained in a deposition whether introduced by him or
whether introduced by him or by any other her or by any other party. (9a)
party. (9, R24)
Section 10. Persons before whom depositions Section 10. Persons before whom depositions may
may be taken within the Philippines. — Within the be taken within the Philippines. — Within the
Philippines depositions may be taken before Philippines, depositions may be taken before any
any
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judge, notary public, or the person referred to judge, notary public, or the person referred to in
in section 14 hereof. (10a, R24) Section 14 hereof. (10)
Section 11. Persons before whom depositions Section 11. Persons before whom depositions may
may be taken in foreign countries. — In a foreign be taken in foreign countries. — In a foreign state or
state or country, depositions may be taken (a) country, depositions may be taken (a) on notice before a
on notice before a secretary of embassy or secretary of embassy or legation, consul general, consul,
legation, consul general, consul, vice-consul, vice-consul, or consular agent of the Republic of the
or consular agent of the Republic of the Philippines; (b) before such person or officer as may be
Philippines, (b) before such person or officer appointed by commission or under letters rogatory; or
as may be appointed by commission or (c) the person referred to in Section 14 hereof. (11)
under letters rogatory; or (c) the person
referred to in section 14 hereof. (11a, R24)
Section 12. Commission or letters rogatory. — A Section 12. Commission or letters rogatory. — A
commission or letters rogatory shall be issued commission or letters rogatory shall be issued only when
only when necessary or convenient, on necessary or convenient, on application and notice, and
application and notice, and on such terms, and on such terms and with such direction as are just and
with such direction as are just and appropriate. Officers may be designated in notices or
appropriate. Officers may be designated in commissions either by name or descriptive title and
notices or commissions either by name or letters rogatory may be addressed to the appropriate
descriptive title and letters rogatory may be judicial authority in the foreign country. (12)
addressed to the appropriate judicial authority in
the foreign country. (12a, R24)
relative within the sixth degree of consanguinity relative within the sixth degree of consanguinity or
or affinity, or employee or counsel of any of affinity, or employee or counsel of any of the parties; or
the parties, or who is a relative within the who is a relative within the same degree, or employee of
same degree, or employee of such counsel; or such counsel; or who is financially interested in the
who is financially interested in the action. action. (13)
(13a, R24)
Section 14. Stipulations regarding taking of Section 14. Stipulations regarding taking of
depositions. — If the parties so stipulate in depositions. — If the parties so stipulate in writing,
writing, depositions may be taken before depositions may be taken before any person authorized
any person authorized to administer oaths, at to administer oaths, at any time or place, in accordance
any time or place, in accordance with these with these Rules, and when so taken may be used like
Rules and when so taken may be used like other depositions. (14)
other depositions. (14a, R24)
Section 15. Deposition upon oral Section 15. Deposition upon oral examination; notice;
examination; notice; time and place. — A party time and place. — A party desiring to take the deposition
desiring to take the deposition of any person of any person upon oral examination shall give reasonable
upon oral examination shall give reasonable notice in writing to every other party to the action. The
notice in writing, to every other party to the notice shall state the time and place for taking the
action. The notice shall state the time and place deposition and the name and address of each person to be
for taking the deposition and the name and examined, if known, and if the name is not known, a
address of each person to be examined, if general description sufficient to identify him or her or the
known, and if the name is not known, a particular class or group to which he or she belongs. On
general description sufficient to identify him motion of any party upon whom the notice is served, the
or the particular class or group to which he court may for cause shown enlarge or shorten the time.
belongs. On motion of any party upon whom (15a)
the notice is served, the court may for cause
shown enlarge or shorten the time. (15, R24)
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Section 16. Orders for the protection of parties Section 16. Orders for the protection of parties and
and deponents. — After notice is served for deponents. — After notice is served for taking a
taking a deposition by oral examination, upon deposition by oral examination, upon motion seasonably
motion seasonably made by any party or by made by any party or by the person to be examined and
the person to be examined and for good cause for good cause shown, the court in which the action is
shown, the court in which the action is pending may make the following orders:
pending may make an order that the
deposition shall not be taken, or that it may be (a) That the deposition shall not be taken;
taken only at some designated place other than
that stated in the notice, or that it may be (b) That the deposition may be taken only at some
taken only on written interrogatories, or designated place other than that stated in the
that certain matters shall not be inquired into, notice;
or that the scope of the examination shall be
(c) That the deposition may be taken only on
held with no one present except the parties to
written interrogatories;
the action and their officers or counsel, or that
after being sealed the deposition shall be opened (d) That certain matters shall not be inquired into;
only by order of the court, or that secret
processes, developments, or research need not (e) That the scope of the examination shall be held
be disclosed, or that the parties shall with no one present except the parties to the
simultaneously file specified documents or action and their officers or counsel;
information enclosed in sealed envelopes to
be opened as directed by the court or the (f) That after being sealed the deposition shall be
court may make any other order which justice opened only by order of the court;
requires to protect the party or witness from
annoyance, embarrassment, or oppression. (g) That secret processes, developments, or
(16a, R24) research need not be disclosed; or
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Section 18. Motion to terminate or limit Section 18. Motion to terminate or limit
examination. — At any time during the taking examination. — At any time during the taking of the
of the deposition, on motion or petition of any deposition, on motion or petition of any party or of the
party or of the deponent, and upon a showing deponent and upon a showing that the examination is
that the examination is being conducted in being conducted in bad faith or in such manner as
bad faith or in such manner as unreasonably unreasonably to annoy, embarrass, or oppress the
to annoy, embarrass, or oppress the deponent deponent or party, the court in which the action is
or party, the court in which the action is pending or the Regional Trial Court of the place where
pending or the Regional Trial Court of the the deposition is being taken may order the officer
place where the deposition is being taken conducting the examination to cease forthwith from
may order the officer conducting the taking the deposition, or may limit the scope and
examination to cease forthwith from taking the manner of the taking of the deposition, as provided in
deposition, or may limit the scope and manner Section 16 of this Rule. If the order made terminates the
of the taking of the deposition, as provided examination, it shall be resumed thereafter only upon
in section 16 of this Rule. If the order made
the order of the court in which the action is pending.
Upon demand of the objecting party or deponent, the
terminates the examination, it shall be
taking of the deposition shall be suspended for the time
resumed thereafter only upon the order of the
necessary to make a notice for an order. In granting or
court in which the action is pending. Upon refusing such order, the court may impose upon either
demand of the objecting party or deponent, party or upon the witness the requirement to pay such
the taking of the deposition shall be costs or expenses as the court may deem reasonable.
suspended for the time necessary to make a (18)
notice for an order. In granting or refusing
such order, the court may impose upon either
party or upon the witness the requirement to
pay such costs or expenses as the court may
deem reasonable. (18a, R24)
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Section 20. Certification, and filing by officer. Section 20. Certification and filing by officer. — The
— The officer shall certify on the deposition officer shall certify on the deposition that the
that the
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witness was duly sworn to by him and that the witness was duly sworn to by him or her and that the
deposition is a true record of the testimony deposition is a true record of the testimony given by the
given by the witness. He shall then securely witness. He or she shall then securely seal the deposition
seal the deposition in an envelope indorsed with in an envelope indorsed with the title of the action and
the title of the action and marked "Deposition of marked "Deposition of (here insert the name of witness)"
(here insert the name of witness)" and shall and shall promptly file it with the court in which the
promptly file it with the court in which the action is pending or send it by registered mail to the
action is pending or send it by registered mail clerk thereof for filing. (20a)
to the clerk thereof for filing. (20, R24)
Section 21. Notice of filing. — The officer Section 21. Notice of filing. — The officer taking the
taking the deposition shall give prompt notice deposition shall give prompt notice of its filing to all the
of its filing to all the parties. (21, R24) parties. (21)
Section 22. Furnishing copies. — Upon Section 22. Furnishing copies. — Upon payment of
payment of reasonable charges therefor, the reasonable charges therefor, the officer shall furnish a
officer shall furnish a copy of the deposition copy of the deposition to any party or to the deponent.
to any party or to the deponent. (22, R24) (22)
Section 23. Failure to attend of party giving Section 23. Failure to attend of party giving notice.
notice. — If the party giving the notice of the — If the party giving the notice of the taking of a
taking of a deposition fails to attend and deposition fails to attend and proceed therewith and
proceed therewith and another attends in another attends in person or by counsel pursuant to the
person or by counsel pursuant to the notice, notice, the court may order the party giving the notice to
the court may order the party giving the notice pay such other party the amount of the
to pay such other party the amount of the reasonable expenses incurred by him or her and his
reasonable expenses
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incurred by him and his counsel in so or her counsel in so attending, including reasonable
attending, including reasonable attorney's attorney's fees. (23a)
fees. (23a, R24)
Section 24. Failure of party giving notice to serve Section 24. Failure of party giving notice to serve
subpoena. — If the party giving the notice of subpoena. — If the party giving the notice of the taking
the taking of a deposition of a witness fails to of a deposition of a witness fails to serve a subpoena
serve a subpoena upon him and the witness upon him or her and the witness because of such failure
because of such failure does not attend, and if does not attend, and if another party attends in person or
another party attends in person or by by counsel because he or she expects the deposition of
counsel because he expects the deposition of that witness to be taken, the court may order the party
that witness to be taken, the court may order giving the notice to pay such other party the amount of
the party giving the notice to pay to such the reasonable expenses incurred by him or her and his
other party the amount of the reasonable or her counsel in so attending, including reasonable
expenses incurred by him and his counsel in attorney's fees. (24a)
so attending, including reasonable attorney's
fees. (24a, R24)
Section 25. Deposition upon written Section 25. Deposition upon written interrogatories;
interrogatories; service of notice and of service of notice and of interrogatories. — A party
interrogatories. — A party desiring to take the desiring to take the deposition of any person upon written
deposition of any person upon written interrogatories shall serve them upon every other party
interrogatories shall serve them upon every with a notice stating the name and address of the person
other party with a notice stating the name and who is to answer them and the name or descriptive title
address of the person who is to answer and address of the officer before whom the deposition is
them and the name or descriptive title and to be taken.
address of the officer before whom the
deposition is to be taken. Within ten (10) days Within ten (10) calendar days thereafter, a party so
thereafter, a party so served may serve served may serve crossinterrogatories upon the party
cross-interrogatories upon the party proposing to take the deposition. Within five
proposing to take the deposition. Within five
(5)
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days thereafter, the latter may serve re-direct (5) calendar days thereafter the latter may serve re- direct
interrogatories upon a party who has served interrogatories upon a party who has served cross-
cross-interrogatories. Within three (3) days after interrogatories. Within three (3) calendar days after
being served with re-direct interrogatories, a being served with re-direct interrogatories, a party may
party may serve recross-interrogatories upon serve recross-interrogatories upon the party proposing to
the party proposing to take the deposition. take the deposition. (25a)
(25, R24)
Section 26. Officers to take responses and Section 26. Officers to take responses and prepare
prepare record. — A copy of the notice and record. — A copy of the notice and copies of all
copies of all interrogatories served shall be interrogatories served shall be delivered by the party
delivered by the party taking the deposition taking the deposition to the officer designated in the
to the officer designated in the notice, who notice, who shall proceed promptly, in the manner
shall proceed promptly, in the manner provided provided by Sections 17, 19 and 20 of this Rule, to take
by sections 17, 19 and 20 of this Rule, to take the testimony of the witness in response to the
the testimony of the witness in response to interrogatories and to prepare, certify, and file or mail
the interrogatories and to prepare, certify, and the deposition, attaching thereto the copy of the notice
file or mail the deposition, attaching thereto and the interrogatories received by him or her. (26a)
the copy of the notice and the interrogatories
received by him. (26, R24)
Section 27. Notice of filing and furnishing copies. Section 27. Notice of filing and furnishing copies.
— When a deposition upon interrogatories is —When a deposition upon interrogatories is filed, the
filed, the officer taking it shall promptly give officer taking it shall promptly give notice thereof to all
notice thereof to all the parties, and may furnish the parties and may furnish copies to them or to the
copies to them or to the deponent upon deponent upon payment of reasonable charges therefor.
payment of reasonable charges therefor. (27, (27)
R24)
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Section 28. Order for the protection of parties Section 28. Orders for the protection of parties and
and deponents. — After the service of the deponents. — After the service of the interrogatories
interrogatories and prior to the taking of and prior to the taking of the testimony of the deponent,
the testimony of the deponent, the court in the court in which the action is pending, on motion
which the action is pending, on motion promptly made by a party or a deponent, and for good
promptly made by a party or a deponent, and cause shown, may make any order specified in Sections
for good cause shown, may make any order 15, 16 and 18 of this Rule which is appropriate and just
specified in sections 15, 16 and 18 of this Rule or an order that the deposition shall not be taken before
which is appropriate and just or an order that the officer designated in the notice or that it shall not be
the deposition shall not be taken before the taken except upon oral examination. (28)
officer designated in the notice or that it shall
not be taken except upon oral examination.
(28a, R24)
Section 29. Effect of errors and irregularities Section 29. Effect of errors and irregularities in
in depositions. — depositions. —
(a) As to notice. — All errors and (a) As to notice. — All errors and irregularities in
irregularities in the notice for taking the notice for taking a deposition are waived
a deposition are waived unless unless written objection is promptly served upon
written objection is promptly served the party giving the notice.
upon the party giving the notice.
(b) As to disqualification of officer. — Objection to
(b)As to disqualification of officer. — taking a deposition because of disqualification of
Objection to taking a deposition the officer before whom it is to be taken is waived
because of disqualification of the unless made before the taking of the deposition
officer before whom it is to be taken begins or as soon
is waived unless
made before the taking of the
deposition
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propounding them within the time within the time allowed for serving succeeding
allowed for serving succeeding cross cross or other interrogatories and within three
or other interrogatories and within three (3) calendar days after service of the last
(3) days after service of the last interrogatories authorized.
interrogatories authorized.
(f) As to manner of preparation. — Errors and
(f) As to manner of preparation. — Errors irregularities in the manner in which the
and irregularities in the manner in testimony is transcribed or the deposition is
which the testimony is transcribed or prepared, signed, certified, sealed, indorsed,
the deposition is prepared, signed, transmitted, filed, or otherwise dealt with by the
certified, sealed, indorsed, transmitted, officer under Sections 17, 19, 20 and 26 of this
filed, or otherwise dealt with by the Rules are waived unless a motion to suppress the
officer under sections 17, 19, 20 and deposition or some part thereof is made with
26 of this Rule are waived unless a reasonable promptness after such defect is, or
motion to suppress the deposition or with due diligence might have been, ascertained.
some part thereof is made with (29a)
reasonable promptness after such
defect is, or with due diligence might
have been, ascertained. (29a, R24)
Section 1. Depositions before action; petition. — Section 1. Depositions before action; petition. —
A person who desires to perpetuate his A person who desires to perpetuate his or her own
own testimony or that of another person testimony or that of another person regarding any
regarding any matter that may be cognizable in matter that may be cognizable in any court of
any court of the Philippines may file a verified the Philippines, may file a verified petition in the
petition in the court
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of the place of the residence of any court of the place of the residence of any
expected adverse party. (1a R134) expected adverse party. (1a)
Section 2. Contents of petition. — The petition Section 2. Contents of petition. — The petition
shall be entitled in the name of the petitioner shall be entitled in the name of the petitioner and shall
and shall show: (a) that the petitioner expects show: (a) that the petitioner expects to be a party to an
to be a party to an action in a court of the action in a court of the Philippines but is presently
Philippines but is presently unable to bring it unable to bring it or cause it to be brought; (b) the
or cause it to be brought; (b) the subject subject matter of the expected action and his or her
matter of the expected action and his interest interest therein; (c) the facts which he or she desires to
therein; (c) the facts which he desires to establish by the proposed testimony and his or her
establish by the proposed testimony and his reasons for desiring to perpetuate it; (d) the names or a
reasons for desiring to perpetuate it; (d) the description of the persons he or she expects will be
names or a description of the persons he adverse parties and their addresses so far as known;
expects will be adverse parties and their and (e) the names and addresses of the persons to be
addresses so far as known; and (e) the examined and the substance of the testimony which he
names and addresses of the persons to be or she expects to elicit from each, and shall ask for an
examined and the substance of the testimony
order authorizing the petitioner to take the depositions
of the persons to be examined named in the petition for
which he expects to elicit from each, and
the purpose of perpetuating their testimony. (2a)
shall ask for an order authorizing the
petitioner to take the depositions of the persons
to be examined named in the petition for the
purpose of perpetuating their testimony. (2,
R134)
Section 3. Notice and service. — The Section 3. Notice and service. — The petitioner
petitioner shall serve a notice upon each shall serve a notice upon each person named in the
person named in the petition as an expected petition as an expected adverse party,
adverse party, together with a copy of the together with a copy of the petition, stating that
petition, stating that the
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petitioner will apply to the court, at a time and the petitioner will apply to the court, at a time and
place named therein, for the order described in place named therein, for the order described in the
the petition. At least twenty (20) days before the petition. At least twenty (20) calendar days before the
date of the hearing, the court shall cause notice date of the hearing, the court shall cause notice
thereof to be served on the parties and thereof to be served on the parties and prospective
prospective deponents in the manner provided deponents in the manner provided for service of
for service of summons. (3a, R134) summons. (3a)
Section 4. Order and examination. — If the Section 4. Order and examination. — If the court is
court is satisfied that the perpetuation of the satisfied that the perpetuation of the testimony may
testimony may prevent a failure or delay of prevent a failure or delay of justice, it shall make an
justice, it shall make an order designating or order designating or describing the persons whose
describing the persons whose deposition deposition may be taken and specifying the subject
may be taken and specifying the subject matter of the examination and whether the depositions
matter of the examination and whether the shall be taken upon oral examination or written
depositions shall be taken upon oral interrogatories. The depositions may then be taken in
examination or written interrogatories. The accordance with Rule 23 before the hearing. (4)
depositions may be taken in accordance with
Rule 23 before the hearing. (4a, R134)
Section 5. Reference to court. — For the Section 5. Reference to court. — For the purpose of
purpose of applying Rule 23 to depositions for applying Rule 23 to depositions for perpetuating
perpetuating testimony, each reference testimony, each reference therein to the court in which
therein to the court in which the action is the action is pending shall be deemed to refer to the
pending shall be deemed to refer to the court court in which the petition for such deposition was
in which the petition for such deposition filed. (5)
was filed. (5a, R134)
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used in the same manner and under the order allowing the depositions to be taken, and
same conditions as are prescribed in these thereupon the depositions may be taken and used in
Rules for depositions taken in pending actions. the same manner and under the same conditions as
(7a, R134) are prescribed in these Rules for depositions taken
in pending actions. (7a)
motion and for good cause shown, extends thereof, unless the court, on motion and for good
or shortens the time. (2a) cause shown, extends or shortens the time. (2a)
Section 5. Scope and use of interrogatories. — Section 5. Scope and use of interrogatories. —
Interrogatories may relate to any matters that Interrogatories may relate to any matters that can be
can be inquired into under section 2 of Rule inquired into under Section 2 of Rule 23, and the
23, and the answers may be used for the answers may be used for the same purposes provided in
same purposes provided in section 4 of the Section 4 of the same Rule. (5)
same Rule. (5a)
Section 6. Effect of failure to serve written Section 6. Effect of failure to serve written
interrogatories. — Unless thereafter allowed by interrogatories. — Unless thereafter allowed by the
the court for good cause shown and to court for good cause shown and to prevent a failure of
prevent a failure of justice, a party not served justice, a party not served with written
with written
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interrogatories may not be compelled by the interrogatories may not be compelled by the adverse
adverse party to give testimony in open court, party to give testimony in open court, or to give a
or to give a deposition pending appeal. (n) deposition pending appeal. (6)
Section 1. Request for admission. — At any Section 1. Request for admission. — At any time
time after issues have been joined, a party may after issues have been joined, a party may file and serve
file and serve upon any other party may file upon any other party a written request for the admission
and serve upon any other party a written by the latter of the genuineness of any material and
request for the admission by the latter of the relevant document described in and exhibited with the
genuineness of any material and relevant request or of the truth of any material and relevant matter
document described in and exhibited with the of fact set forth in the request. Copies of the documents
request or of the truth of any material and shall be delivered with the request unless copies have
relevant matter of fact set forth in the request. already been furnished. (1)
Copies of the documents shall be delivered
with the request unless copy have already
been furnished. (1a)
Section 2. Implied admission. — Each of the Section 2. Implied admission. — Each of the matters
matters of which an admission is requested of which an admission is requested shall be deemed
shall be deemed admitted unless, within a admitted unless, within a period designated in the
period designated in the request, which shall request, which shall not be less than fifteen (15) calendar
not be less than fifteen (15) days after service days after service thereof, or within such further time as
thereof, or within such further time as the court the court may allow on motion, the party to whom the
may allow on motion, the party to whom the request is directed files and serves upon the party
request is directed files and serves upon the requesting the admission a sworn statement either
party requesting the admission a sworn denying
statement either denying
specifically the matters of which an admission
is
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requested or setting forth in detail the reasons specifically the matters of which an admission is
why he cannot truthfully either admit or deny requested or setting forth in detail the reasons why he
those matters. or she cannot truthfully either admit or deny those
matters.
Objections to any request for admission shall
be submitted to the court by the party Objections to any request for admission shall be
requested within the period for and prior to submitted to the court by the party requested within the
the filing of his sworn statement as period for and prior to the filing of his or her sworn
contemplated in the preceding paragraph and statement as contemplated in the preceding paragraph
his compliance therewith shall be deferred until and his or her compliance therewith shall be deferred
such objections are resolved, which resolution until such objections are resolved, which resolution shall
shall be made as early as practicable. (2a) be made as early as practicable. (2a)
Section 4. Withdrawal. — The court may allow Section 4. Withdrawal. — The court may allow the
the party making an admission under the party making an admission under this Rule, whether
Rule, whether express or implied, to withdraw or express or implied, to withdraw or amend it upon such
amend it upon such terms as may be just. terms as may be just. (4)
(4)
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Section 5. Effect of failure to file and serve Section 5. Effect of failure to file and serve request
request for admission. — Unless otherwise for admission. — Unless otherwise allowed by the court
allowed by the court for good cause shown for good cause shown and to prevent a failure of justice,
and to prevent a failure of justice a party who a party who fails to file and serve a request for
fails to file and serve a request for admission admission on the adverse party of material and relevant
on the adverse party of material and relevant facts at issue which are, or ought to be, within the
facts at issue which are, or ought to be, within personal knowledge of the latter, shall not be permitted
the personal knowledge of the latter, shall not to present evidence on such facts. (5)
be permitted to present evidence on such
facts. (n)
Section 1. When examination may be ordered. — Section 1. When examination may be ordered. —
In an action in which the mental or physical In an action in which the mental or physical condition
condition of a party is in controversy, the of a party is in controversy, the court in which the
court in which the action is pending may in its action is pending may in its discretion order him or
discretion order him to submit to a physical her to submit to a physical or mental examination by a
or mental examination by a physician. (1) physician. (1a)
Section 2. Order for examination. — The order Section 2. Order for examination. — The order for
for examination may be made only on examination may be made only on motion for good
motion for good cause shown and upon notice cause shown and upon notice to the party to be
to the party to be examined and to all other examined and to all other parties, and shall specify the
parties, and shall specify the time, place, time, place, manner, conditions and scope of the
manner, conditions and scope of the examination and the person or persons by whom it is to
examination and the person or persons by be made. (2)
whom it is to be made. (2)
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amount of the reasonable expenses incurred reasonable expenses incurred in opposing the
in opposing the application, including attorney's application, including attorney's fees. (1)
fees. (1a)
Section 3. Other consequences. — If any party Section 3. Other consequences. — If any party or an
or an officer or managing agent of a party officer or managing agent of a party refuses to obey an
refuses to obey an order made under section order made under Section 1 of this Rule requiring him or
1 of this Rule requiring him to answer her to answer designated questions, or an order under
designated questions, or an order under Rule Rule 27 to produce any document or other thing for
27 to produce any document or other thing for inspection, copying, or photographing or to permit it to
inspection, copying, or photographing or to be done, or to permit entry upon land or other property,
permit it to be done, or to permit entry upon or an order made under Rule 28 requiring him or her to
land or other property or an order made under submit to a physical or mental examination, the court
Rule 28 requiring him to submit to a physical or may make such orders in regard to the refusal as are just,
mental examination, the court may make such and among others the following:
orders in regard to the refusal as are just, and
among others the following:
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(a) An order that the matters regarding (a) An order that the matters regarding which the
which the questions were asked, or the questions were asked, or the character or
character or description of the thing or description of the thing or land, or the contents of
land, or the contents of the paper, or the paper, or the physical or mental condition of
the physical or mental condition of the the party, or any other designated facts shall be
party, or any other designated facts taken to be established for the purposes of the
shall be taken to be established for the action in accordance with the claim of the party
purposes of the action in accordance obtaining the order;
with the claim of the party obtaining
the order; (b)An order refusing to allow the disobedient party to
support or oppose designated claims or defenses
(b)An order refusing to allow the or prohibiting him or her from introducing in
disobedient party to support or evidence designated documents or things or items
oppose designated claims or defenses of testimony, or from introducing evidence of
or prohibiting him from introducing in physical or mental condition;
evidence designated documents or
things or items of testimony, or from (c) An order striking out pleadings or parts thereof, or
introducing evidence of physical or staying further proceedings until the order is
mental condition; obeyed, or dismissing the action or proceeding or
any part thereof, or rendering a judgement by
(c) An order striking out pleadings or default against the disobedient party; and
parts thereof, or staying further
proceedings until the order is obeyed, or (d)In lieu of any of the foregoing orders or in
dismissing the action or proceeding or addition thereto, an order directing the arrest
any part thereof, or rendering a of any party or agent of a party for disobeying
judgment by default against the
disobedient party; and
Section 5. Failure of party to attend or serve Section 5. Failure of party to attend or serve
answers. — If a party or an officer or answers. — If a party or an officer or managing agent of
managing agent of a party wilfully fails to a party wilfully fails to appear before the officer who is
appear before the officer who is to take his to take his or her deposition, after being served with a
deposition, after being served with a proper proper notice, or fails to serve answers to interrogatories
notice, or fails to serve answers to submitted under Rule 25 after proper service of such
interrogatories submitted under Rule 25 after interrogatories, the
proper service of such interrogatories, the court court on motion and notice, may strike out all or any
on motion and notice, may strike out all or
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any part of any pleading of that party, or part of any pleading of that party, or dismiss the action
dismiss the action or proceeding or any part or proceeding or any part thereof, or enter a judgment by
thereof, or enter a judgment by default against default against that party, and in its discretion, order him
that party, and in its discretion, order him to or her to pay reasonable expenses incurred by the other,
pay reasonable expenses incurred by the including attorney's fees. (5a)
other, including attorney's fees. (5)
Section 6. Expenses against the Republic of the Section 6. Expenses against the Republic of the
Philippines. — Expenses and attorney's fees are Philippines. —Expenses and attorney’s fees are not to be
not to be imposed upon the Republic of the imposed upon the Republic of the Philippines under this
Philippines under this Rule. (6) Rule. (6)
RULE 30 TRIAL
[NOTE: Section 1. Notice of Trial. Section 1. Schedule of trial. — The parties shall
— Deleted] strictly observe the scheduled hearings as agreed upon
and set forth in the pre-trial order.
Section 1. Notice of Trial. — Upon entry of a
case in the trial calendar, the clerk shall (a) The schedule of the trial dates, for both
notify the parties of the date of its trial in plaintiff and defendant, shall be continuous
such manner as shall ensure his receipt of and within the following periods:
that notice at least five
(5) days before such date. (2a, R22) i. The initial presentation of plaintiff’s
evidence shall be set not later than thirty
(30) calendar days after the termination of
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Section 4. Requisites of motion to postpone trial Section 3. Requisites of motion to postpone trial for
for illness of party or counsel. — A motion to illness of party or counsel. — A motion to postpone a
postpone a trial on the ground of illness of a trial on the ground of illness of a party or counsel may
party or counsel may be granted if it be granted if it appears upon affidavit or sworn
appears upon affidavit or sworn certification certification that the presence of such party or counsel at
that the presence of such party or counsel at the trial is indispensable and that the character of his or
the trial is indispensable and that the her illness is such as to render his or her non-attendance
character of his illness is such as to render his excusable. (4a)
non-attendance excusable. (5a, R22)
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Section 5. Order of trial. — Subject to the Section 5. Order of trial. — Subject to the
provisions of section 2 of Rule 31, and unless provisions of Section 2 of Rule 31, and unless the court
the court for special reasons otherwise for special reasons otherwise directs, the trial shall be
directs, the trial shall be limited to the issues limited to the issues stated in the pre-trial order and
stated in the pre- trial order and shall shall proceed as follows:
proceed as follows:
(a) The plaintiff shall adduce evidence in support of
(a) The plaintiff shall adduce evidence his or her complaint;
in support of his complaint;
(b) The defendant shall then adduce evidence in
(b)The defendant shall then support of his or her defense, counterclaim,
adduce evidence in support of his cross-claim and third-party complaint;
defense, counterclaim, cross-claim and
third-party complaints;
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(c) The third-party defendant if any, shall (c) The third-party defendant, if any, shall adduce
adduce evidence of his defense, evidence of his or her defense, counterclaim,
counterclaim, cross-claim and fourth-party cross-claim and fourth-party complaint;
complaint;
(d) The fourth-party, and so forth, if any, shall adduce
(d)The fourth-party, and so forth, if evidence of the material facts pleaded by them;
any, shall adduce evidence of the
material facts pleaded by them; (e) The parties against whom any counterclaim or
cross-claim has been pleaded, shall adduce
(e) The parties against whom any evidence in support of their defense, in the order to
counterclaim or cross-claim has been be prescribed by the court;
pleaded, shall adduce evidence in
support of their defense, in the order to (f) The parties may then respectively adduce rebutting
be prescribed by the court; evidence only, unless the court, for good reasons
and in the furtherance of justice, permits them to
(f) The parties may then respectively adduce evidence upon their original case; and
adduce rebutting evidence only, unless
the court, for good reasons and in the (g) Upon admission of the evidence, the case shall be
furtherance of justice, permits them to deemed submitted for decision, unless the court
adduce evidence upon their original case; directs the parties to argue or to submit their
and respective memoranda or any further pleadings.
different counsel, the court shall determine different counsel, the court shall determine the relative
the relative order of presentation of their order of presentation of their evidence. (5a)
evidence. (1a, R30)
Section 6. Agreed statement of facts. — The Section 7. Agreed statement of facts. — The parties
parties to any action may agree, in writing, to any action may agree, in writing, upon the facts
upon the facts involved in the litigation, and involved in the litigation, and submit the case for
submit the case for judgment on the facts judgment on the facts agreed upon, without the
agreed upon, without the introduction of introduction of evidence.
evidence.
If the parties agree only on some of the facts in issue,
If the parties agree only on some of the the trial shall be held as to the disputed facts in such
facts in issue, the trial shall be held as to order as the court shall prescribe. (6)
the disputed facts in such order as the
court shall prescribe. (2a, R30)
Section 9. Judge to receive evidence; delegation Section 9. Judge to receive evidence; delegation to
to clerk of court. — The judge of the court clerk of court. — The judge of the court where the case
where the case is pending shall personally is pending shall personally receive the evidence to be
receive the evidence to be adduced by the adduced by the parties. However, in default or ex parte
parties. However, in default or ex parte hearings, and in any case where the parties agree in
hearings, and in any case where the parties writing, the court may delegate the reception of evidence
agree in writing, the court may delegate the to its clerk of court who is a member of the bar. The
reception of evidence to its clerk of court who clerk of court shall have no power to rule on objections
is a member of the bar. The clerk of court to any question or to the admission of exhibits, which
shall have no power to rule on objections to objections shall be resolved by the court upon
any question or to the admission of exhibits, submission of his or her report and the transcripts within
which objections shall be resolved by the ten (10) calendar days from termination of the hearing.
court upon submission of his report and the (9a)
transcripts within ten (10) days from
termination of the hearing. (n)
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Section 2. Separate trials. — The court, in Section 2. Separate trials. — The court, in
furtherance of convenience or to avoid prejudice, furtherance of convenience or to avoid prejudice, may
may order a separate trial of any claim, order a separate trial of any claim, cross-claim,
cross- claim, counterclaim, or third-party counterclaim, or third-party complaint, or of any
complaint, or of any separate issue or of any separate issue or of any number of claims, crossclaims,
number of claims, cross-claims, counterclaims, counterclaims, third-party complaints or issues. (2)
third-party complaints or issues. (2a)
Section 3. Order of reference; powers of the Section 3. Order of reference; powers of the
commissioner. — When a reference is made, commissioner. — When a reference is made, the clerk
the clerk shall forthwith furnish the shall forthwith furnish the commissioner with a copy of
commissioner with a copy of the order of the order of reference. The order may specify or limit the
reference. The order may specify or limit the powers of the commissioner, and may direct him or her
powers of the commissioner, and may direct to report only upon particular issues, or to do or perform
him to report only upon particular issues, or particular acts, or to receive and report evidence only,
to do or perform particular acts, or to and may fix the date for beginning and closing the
receive and report evidence only and may fix hearings and for the filing of his or her report. Subject to
the date for beginning and closing the the specifications and limitations stated in the order, the
hearings and for the filing of his report. commissioner has and shall exercise the power to
Subject to other specifications and limitations regulate the proceedings in every hearing before him or
stated in the order, the commissioner has and her and to do all acts and take all measures necessary or
shall exercise the power to regulate the proper for the efficient performance of his or her duties
under the order. He or she may issue subpoenas and
proceedings in every hearing before him and
subpoenas duces tecum, swear witnesses, and unless
to do all acts and take all measures necessary
otherwise provided in the order of reference, he or she
or proper for the efficient performance of his
may rule upon the admissibility of evidence. The trial or
duties under the order. He may issue hearing before him or her shall proceed in all respects as
subpoenas and subpoenas duces tecum, swear it would if held before the court. (3a)
witnesses, and unless otherwise provided in
the order of reference, he may rule upon
the admissibility of evidence. The trial or
hearing before him shall proceed in all respects
as it would if held before the court. (3a, R33)
be sworn to a faithful and honest shall be sworn to a faithful and honest performance
performance thereof. (14, R33) thereof. (4a)
Section 6. Failure of parties to appear before Section 6. Failure of parties to appear before
commissioner. — If a party fails to appear at commissioner. — If a party fails to appear at the time
the time and place appointed, the and place appointed, the commissioner may proceed ex
commissioner may proceed ex parte or, in his parte or, in his or her discretion, adjourn the proceedings
discretion, adjourn the proceedings to a to a future day, giving notice to the absent party or his or
future day, giving notice to the absent party her counsel of the adjournment. (6a)
or his counsel of the adjournment. (6a, R33)
Section 7. Refusal of witness. — The refusal Section 7. Refusal of witness. — The refusal of a
of a witness to obey a subpoena issued by witness to obey a subpoena issued by the commissioner
the commissioner or to give evidence before or to give evidence before him or her, shall be deemed a
him, shall be deemed a contempt of the court contempt of the court which appointed the commissioner.
which appointed the commissioner. (7a (7a)
R33)
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Section 8. Commissioner shall avoid delays. — It Section 8. Commissioner shall avoid delays. — It is
is the duty of the commissioner to proceed with the duty of the commissioner to proceed with all
all reasonable diligence. Either party, on notice reasonable diligence. Either party, on notice to the
to the parties and commissioner, may apply to parties and commissioner, may apply to the court for an
the court for an order requiring the order requiring the commissioner to expedite the
commissioner to expedite the proceedings and proceedings and to make his or her report. (8a)
to make his report. (8a, R33)
Section 9. Report of commissioner. — Upon the Section 9. Report of commissioner. — Upon the
completion of the trial or hearing or completion of the trial or hearing or proceeding before
proceeding before the commissioner, he shall the commissioner, he or she shall file with the court his
file with the court his report in writing upon or her report in writing upon the matters submitted to
the matters submitted to him by the order of him or her by the order of reference. When his or her
reference. When his powers are not specified or powers are not specified or limited, he or she shall set
limited, he shall set forth his findings of fact forth his or her findings of fact and conclusions of law in
and conclusions of law in his report. He shall his or her report. He or she shall attach thereto all
attach thereto all exhibits, affidavits, exhibits, affidavits, depositions, papers and the
depositions, papers and the transcript, if any, of transcript, if any, of the testimonial evidence presented
the testimonial evidence presented before him. before him or her. (9a)
(9a, R33)
Section 10. Notice to parties of the filing of report. Section 10. Notice to parties of the filing of report.
— Upon the filing of the report, the parties — Upon the filing of the report, the parties shall be
shall be notified by the clerk, and they shall be notified by the clerk, and they shall be allowed ten
allowed ten (10) calendar days within which to signify grounds of
(10) days within which to signify grounds of objections to the findings of the report, if they so
objections to the findings of the report, if they desire. Objections to the report based upon
so desire. Objections to the report based
upon
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grounds which were available to the parties grounds which were available to the parties during the
during the proceedings before the proceedings before the commissioner, other than
commissioner, other than objections to the objections to the findings and conclusions therein set
findings and conclusions therein, set forth, forth, shall not be considered by the court unless they
shall not be considered by the court unless were made before the commissioner. (10a)
they were made before the commissioner.
(10, R33)
Section 11. Hearing upon report. — Upon the Section 11. Hearing upon report. — Upon the
expiration of the period of ten (10) days referred expiration of the period of ten (10) calendar days
to in the preceding section, the report shall be referred to in the preceding section, the report shall be
set for hearing, after which the court shall set for hearing, after which the court shall issue an order
issue an order adopting, modifying, or adopting, modifying, or rejecting the report in whole or
rejecting the report in whole or in part, or in part, or recommitting it with instructions, or requiring
recommitting it with instructions, or requiring the parties to present further evidence before the
the parties to present further evidence before commissioner or the court. (11a)
the commissioner or the court. (11a, R33)
Section 12. Stipulations as to findings. — When Section 12. Stipulations as to findings. — When the
the parties stipulate that a commissioner's parties stipulate that a commissioner's findings of fact
findings of fact shall be final, only questions shall be final, only questions of law shall thereafter be
of law shall thereafter be considered. (12a, considered. (12)
R33)
the case warrant, to be taxed as costs against the case warrant, to be taxed as costs against the defeated
the defeated party, or apportioned, as justice party, or apportioned, as justice requires. (13)
requires. (13, R33)
Section 1. Demurrer to evidence. — After the Section 1. Demurrer to evidence. — After the
plaintiff has completed the presentation of his plaintiff has completed the presentation of his or her
evidence, the defendant may move for evidence, the defendant may move for dismissal on the
dismissal on the ground that upon the facts ground that upon the facts and the law the plaintiff has
and the law the plaintiff has shown no right to shown no right to relief. If his or her motion is denied, he
relief. If his motion is denied he shall have the or she shall have the right to present evidence. If the
right to present evidence. If the motion is motion is granted but on appeal the order of dismissal is
granted but on appeal the order of dismissal is reversed, he or she shall be deemed to have waived the
reversed he shall be deemed to have waived right to present evidence. (1a)
the right to present evidence. (1a, R35)
Section 1. Judgment on the pleadings. — Where Section 1. Judgment on the pleadings. – Where an
an answer fails to tender an issue, or answer fails to tender an issue, or otherwise admits the
otherwise admits the material allegations of material allegations of the adverse party’s pleading, the
the adverse party's pleading, the court may; on court may, on motion of that party, direct judgment on
motion of that party, direct judgment on such such pleading. However, in actions for declaration of
pleading. However, in actions for declaration of nullity or annulment of marriage or for legal separation,
nullity or annulment of marriage or for legal the material facts alleged in the complaint shall always
separation, the material facts alleged in the be proved. (1)
complaint shall always be proved. (1a, R19)
Section 1. Summary judgment for claimant. — A Section 1. Summary judgment for claimant. — A
party seeking to recover upon a claim, party seeking to recover upon a claim, counterclaim, or
counterclaim, or cross-claim or to obtain a cross-claim or to obtain a declaratory relief may, at any
declaratory relief may, at any time after the time after the pleading in answer thereto has been served,
pleading in answer thereto has been served, move with supporting affidavits, depositions or
move with supporting affidavits, depositions admissions for a summary judgment in his or her favor
or admissions for a summary judgment in his upon all or any part thereof. (1a)
favor upon all or any part thereof. (1a, R34)
Section 2. Summary judgment for defending Section 2. Summary judgment for defending party.
party. — A party against whom a claim, — A party against whom a claim, counterclaim, or
counterclaim, or cross-claim is asserted or a cross-claim is asserted or a declaratory relief is sought
declaratory relief is sought may, at any time, may, at any time, move with supporting affidavits,
move with supporting affidavits, depositions depositions or admissions for a summary judgment in
or admissions for a summary judgment in his his or her favor as to all or any part thereof. (2a)
favor as to all or any part thereof. (2a, R34)
Section 3. Motion and proceedings thereon. — Section 3. Motion and proceedings thereon. — The
The motion shall be served at least ten (10) motion shall cite the supporting affidavits, depositions or
days before the time specified for the admissions, and the specific law relied upon. The adverse
hearing. The adverse party may serve party may file a comment and serve opposing affidavits,
opposing affidavits, depositions, or admissions depositions, or admissions within a non-extendible
at least three (3) days before the hearing. After period of five (5)
the hearing, the judgment sought shall be calendar days from receipt of the motion. Unless
rendered forthwith if the pleadings,
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supporting affidavits, depositions, and the court orders the conduct of a hearing, judgment
admissions on file, show that, except as to sought shall be rendered forthwith if the pleadings,
the amount of damages, there is no supporting affidavits, depositions and admissions on
genuine issue as to any material fact and that file, show that, except as to the amount of damages,
the moving party is entitled to a judgment as there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that
a matter of law. (3a, R34) the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of
law.
Section 4. Case not fully adjudicated on motion. Section 4. Case not fully adjudicated on motion. —
— If on motion under this Rule, judgment is If on motion under this Rule, judgment is not rendered
not rendered upon the whole case or for all upon the whole case or for all the reliefs sought and a
the reliefs sought and a trial is necessary, the trial is necessary, the court may, by examining the
court at the hearing of the motion, by pleadings and the evidence before it and by
examining the pleadings and the evidence interrogating counsel, ascertain what material facts exist
before it and by interrogating counsel shall without substantial controversy, including the extent to
ascertain what material facts exist without which the amount of damages or other relief is not in
substantial controversy and what are actually controversy, and direct such further proceedings in the
and in good faith controverted. It shall action as are just. The facts so ascertained shall be
thereupon make an order specifying the facts deemed established, and the trial shall be conducted on
that appear without substantial controversy, the controverted facts accordingly. (4a)
including the extent to which the amount of
damages or other relief is not in controversy,
and directing such further proceedings in the
action as are just. The facts so specified shall
be deemed established, and the trial shall be
conducted on the controverted facts
accordingly. (4a, R34)
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Section 5. Form of affidavits and supporting Section 5. Form of affidavits and supporting papers.
papers. — Supporting and opposing affidavits — Supporting and opposing affidavits shall be made on
shall be made on personal knowledge, shall personal knowledge, shall set forth such facts as would
set forth such facts as would be admissible be admissible in evidence, and shall show affirmatively
in evidence, and shall show affirmatively that that the affiant is competent to testify to the matters
the affiant is competent to testify to the matters stated therein. Certified true copies of all papers or parts
stated therein. Certified true copies of all papers thereof referred to in the affidavit shall be attached
or parts thereof referred to in the affidavit shall thereto or served therewith. (5)
be attached thereto or served therewith. (5a,
R34)
Section 6. Affidavits in bad faith. — Should it Section 6. Affidavits in bad faith. — Should it appear to
appear to its satisfaction at any time that any its satisfaction at any time that any of the affidavits
of the affidavits presented pursuant to this Rule presented pursuant to this Rule are presented in bad
are presented in bad faith, or solely for the faith, or solely for the purpose of delay, the court shall
purpose of delay, the court shall forthwith order forthwith order the offending party or counsel to pay to
the offending party or counsel to pay to the the other party the amount of the reasonable expenses
other party the amount of the reasonable which the filing of the affidavits caused him or her to
expenses which the filing of the affidavits incur, including attorney's fees, it may, after hearing
caused him to incur including attorney's fees, further adjudge the offending party or counsel guilty of
it may, after hearing further adjudge the contempt. (6a)
offending party or counsel guilty of contempt.
(6a, R34)