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Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) : It Controls The Radiated Energy For Each User in Space

SDMA controls radiated energy for each user in space using spot beam antennas that cover different areas. These areas can be served by the same frequency using TDMA or CDMA, or different frequencies using FDMA. Sectorized antennas are a primitive form of SDMA, while adaptive antennas will likely simultaneously steer energy to many users and are best for TDMA and CDMA architectures. The reverse link poses difficulties as the base station controls forward power but the reverse link requires dynamic control of each user's power to prevent interference. Adaptive antennas at base stations and subscribers can mitigate reverse link problems by spatially filtering each user to improve their link while reducing power needs.

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Krishanu Modak
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759 views2 pages

Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) : It Controls The Radiated Energy For Each User in Space

SDMA controls radiated energy for each user in space using spot beam antennas that cover different areas. These areas can be served by the same frequency using TDMA or CDMA, or different frequencies using FDMA. Sectorized antennas are a primitive form of SDMA, while adaptive antennas will likely simultaneously steer energy to many users and are best for TDMA and CDMA architectures. The reverse link poses difficulties as the base station controls forward power but the reverse link requires dynamic control of each user's power to prevent interference. Adaptive antennas at base stations and subscribers can mitigate reverse link problems by spatially filtering each user to improve their link while reducing power needs.

Uploaded by

Krishanu Modak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)

1. It controls the radiated energy for each user in space.

Fig: A spatially filtered base station antenna serving different users by using spot
beams.

2. It can be seen from Fig above that SDMA serves different users by using spot
beam antennas. These different areas covered by the antenna beam may be served
by the same frequency (in a TDMA or CDMA system) or different frequencies (in
an FDMA system).

3. Sectorized antennas may be thought of as a primitive application of SDMA. In


the future, adaptive antennas will likely be used to simultaneously steer energy in
the direction of many users at once and appear to be best suited for TDMA and
CDMA base station architectures.

4. The reverse link presents the most difficulty in cellular systems for several
reasons. First, the base station has complete control over the power of all the
transmitted signals on the forward link. However, because of different radio
propagation paths between each user and the base station, the transmitted power
from each subscriber unit must be dynamically controlled to prevent any single
user from driving up the interference level for all other users. Second, transmit
power is limited by battery consumption at the subscriber unit, therefore there are
limits on the degree to which power may be controlled on the reverse link.

5. If the base station antenna is made to spatially filiter each desired user so that
more energy is detected from each subscriber, then the reverse link for each user
is improved and less power is required.

6. Adaptive antennas used at the base station (and eventually at the subscriber
units) promise to mitigate some of the problems on the reverse link. In the
limiting case of infinitesimal beamwidth and infinitely fast tracking ability,
adaptive antennas implement optimal SDMA, thereby providing a unique channel
that is free from the interference of all other users in the cell.

7. In addition, a perfect adaptive antenna system would be able to track individual


multipath components for each user and combine them in an optimal manner to
collect all of the available signal energy from each user. The perfect adaptive
antenna system is not feasible since it requires infinitely large antennas.

Advantages of SDMA :
1. It can be a purely optical signal path and therefore is capable of terabit / sec
throughput once the connection has been made.

2. Increased spectral efficiency

3. SDMA is transparent to the system if it is purely optical

4. Any bandwidth or data rate achievable in fiber can be used.

Disadvantages of SDMA :

1. SDMA is very expensive and complected to construct and design

2. There are high insertion losses since each input must have the capability to be
split to any output.

3. The reverse link may be a problem like an interference problem


4. It is not easy to add additional inputs and outputs, the whole switch must be
replaced.

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