Sawantd d3

D3# Georeferencing of Scanned Aerial Imagery
and Change Detection
Created By:
Darshana Sawant
11 March 2020
—
Digital Image Processing
—
Mark Wilkinson
ND GIS Analysts
To: Mark Wilkinson (Professor) From: Darshana Sawant (GIS Analyst)
Digital Image Processing ND GIS Analysts
Niagara College, 2853 Dorchester Road
135 Taylor Road, Niagara Falls,
Niagara-on-the-lake ON L2J 2Z4
ON L0S 1J0
Dear Mr. Wilkinson

RE: Submission of D3: Georeferencing of Scanned Aerial Imagery and Change Detection
Please consider this email as my official submission of Deliverable 3: Georeferencing of
Scanned Aerial Imagery and Change Detection. This document contains the answers for the
questions that were mentioned in the TOR of this Deliverable. This Deliverable put light on the
changes that happened near the Welland Canal area from year 1921 to 1934. It also contains the
Georeferenced Imagery of the Welland Canal.
If you have any questions regarding the documents or any difficulties in opening the documents,
then please feel free to contact me at (647) 394 6333 or mail me at my student email ID.
Regards,
Darshana Sawant
GIS Analyst
4373556
ND GIS Consultants
D2-Principal Component Analysis PAGE 2

ND GIS Analysts
Contents
D2#Principal Component Analysis.......................................................................................1
References 7
1.0 Introduction
This report discusses the detailed results of the orthorectification, Geometric
correction and Mosaicking of the three raster images as per mentioned in the TOR of
this Deliverable. Orthorectification uses one picture, known as the "Reference Image" to
address different pictures of a similar general area by finding regions of shared
characteristics between the two known as Ground Control Points. Utilizing these ground
control points together with the Reference Image, the photographs are resampled and
re-anticipated, sticking to the parameters of the reference picture and any fiducial
imprints which are included in the orthorectification procedure.
2.0 Methodology
This Process starts with Geometric correction then Orthorectification and at last
Mosaicking both the outputs. All these processes are consisting of multiple steps.
2.1 Polynomial Correction and mosaicking

By using ERDAS Imagine first we need to create and map Ground Control Points (GCP)
for all the three images that are provided with the TOR of this Deliverable. For this we
need to place multiple GCPs in the raw image and then we need to place them correctly
on the georeferenced image that is provided along with these images (Refer Figure 1).
After placing GCPs we then need to create an output image that contains the final
product. Once we are done with the polynomial correction for all three images then we
create a mosaic to drape them on all each other to get a mosaic format.

ND GIS Analysts
Figure 1: Setting Ground Control Points using ERDAS Imagine

ND GIS Analysts
2.2 Orthorectification and mosaicking

In this method we used the all three photos provided with the georeferenced image
along with the data from DEM file which was given. The DEM file was used to provide
the parameters for the Camera.
In general tab for the elevation source we need to select file and the path to the DEM
image provided. For the principal point values are as shown in Figure 2. We have used 5
iterations in the correction process. As the are covered by image is very small hence, we
won’t be considering earths curvature surface.
Figure 2: Values for principal points and Number of Iterations for orthorectification
For fiducials as well as coordinates for the 8 points selected for all images are as shown
in Figure 3 and Figure 4.
Figure 3: Fiducials for the camera parameters
Figure 4: coordinates for the Camera parameters

ND GIS Analysts
Orientation parameters of the camera are all unknown and the Projection should be Transverse
Mercator, Spheroid GRS1980 and datum NAD83.
Once we are done setting up the camera, we need to select the fiducials for the Image that we are
working on after that we can select ground control points on the image and the georeferenced
image provided.
Figure 5: showing the Fiducial points from Image one and the table of fiducial in the camera parameters.
When we are done with 3-4 GCPs we can click on the auto-sum which shows us the RMS
error in the GCPs. (Refer Figure 6)
Figure 6:Showing the table after adding the GCPs and the completion of RMS error
3.0 Discussion (Q and A)

ND GIS Analysts
First Task: Polynomial Correction and Mosaicking
Question 1
References

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D3# Georeferencing of Scanned Aerial Imagery

and Change Detection

Dear Mr. Wilkinson

D2-Principal Component Analysis PAGE 2

2.1 Polynomial Correction and mosaicking

D2-Principal Component Analysis PAGE 3

Figure 1: Setting Ground Control Points using ERDAS Imagine

D2-Principal Component Analysis PAGE 4

2.2 Orthorectification and mosaicking

Figure 3: Fiducials for the camera parameters

Figure 4: coordinates for the Camera parameters

D2-Principal Component Analysis PAGE 5

3.0 Discussion (Q and A)

D2-Principal Component Analysis PAGE 6

D2-Principal Component Analysis PAGE 7

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