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    Molar Solutions of Solids: Objectives

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    Fatima tahir
    The document describes how to prepare molar solutions of solids. It provides objectives, theory, procedures, formulas, and examples for making standard solutions and determining molarity through titration. Specifically, it details the steps to: [1] Prepare a 0.1M solution of oxalic acid and a 0.1M solution of NaOH; [2] Standardize the NaOH solution by titrating it against the oxalic acid solution; and [3] Calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution based on the titration results.

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    Molar Solutions of Solids: Objectives

    Uploaded by

    Fatima tahir
    62 views5 pages
    The document describes how to prepare molar solutions of solids. It provides objectives, theory, procedures, formulas, and examples for making standard solutions and determining molarity through titration. Specifically, it details the steps to: [1] Prepare a 0.1M solution of oxalic acid and a 0.1M solution of NaOH; [2] Standardize the NaOH solution by titrating it against the oxalic acid solution; and [3] Calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution based on the titration results.

    Original Title

    Experiment No. 3

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    The document describes how to prepare molar solutions of solids. It provides objectives, theory, procedures, formulas, and examples for making standard solutions and determining molarity through titration. Specifically, it details the steps to: [1] Prepare a 0.1M solution of oxalic acid and a 0.1M solution of NaOH; [2] Standardize the NaOH solution by titrating it against the oxalic acid solution; and [3] Calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution based on the titration results.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    62 views5 pages

    Molar Solutions of Solids: Objectives

    Uploaded by

    Fatima tahir
    The document describes how to prepare molar solutions of solids. It provides objectives, theory, procedures, formulas, and examples for making standard solutions and determining molarity through titration. Specifically, it details the steps to: [1] Prepare a 0.1M solution of oxalic acid and a 0.1M solution of NaOH; [2] Standardize the NaOH solution by titrating it against the oxalic acid solution; and [3] Calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution based on the titration results.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    EXPERIMENT 3

    Molar Solutions of Solids


    Name: ------------------------------------ St. Id.: ------------------------------------

    Section: ---------------------------------- Date: -------------------------------------

    Objectives
     To explain different units for concentration.
     To differentiate between concentrated and dilute solution.
     To prepare molar solutions of solids.
     To learn the relationship between mass and volume of solution

    Experiment
    Prepare 0.1 M solution of NaOH. You are provided with oxalic acid

    Theory
    Solution is a homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent. Concentrated solution is one which has
    greater amount of solute in solvent and diluted solution contains less amount of solute. Standard
    Solution is one whose solute concentration is accurately known. Primary standards are those
    chemicals which are in a very pure, stable, weighable form and can be prepared directly. If the desired
    reagent cannot be obtained in primary standard form, one can only prepare
    a secondary standard solution of it. A solution of the reagent of desired concentration is prepared
    which is then standardized. Solution making is carried out by dissolving an accurate amount of the
    solute in the desired solvent. Solution should be homogeneous at ambient temperature. Mole: A mole
    is the amount of substance, which contains the same no. of specified particles or units (molecules,
    atom or ions) as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon i.e. 6.02 x 10 23 as 1 dozen = 12
    Similarly; 1 Mole = 6.02 X 10 23 atoms, ions or molecules. Molarity is number of moles per dm3 of
    solution. Molar solution is one which contains one mole (gram molecular weight) of the solute per
    dm3 of the solution at a specified temperature. Molar concentration is represented by M and is called
    molarity. The molar mass of a substance is its relative molecular mass expressed in grams.
    Table 1: Some Common Primary & Secondary Chemicals
    Primary Standard Primary Standard Secondary Standard Secondary Standard
    KMnO 4 Benzoic acid NaOH HCl
    K2Cr2O7 Na2CO3(anhydrous) H2SO4 H3PO4
    KH2 PO4 Oxalic acid HNO3 CH3COOH
    KH(IO 3)2 NaCl KOH NH3

    Table.2 Molarity of Some Common Acids and Ammonia


    Compound Molarity Compound Molarity Compound Molarity
    CH3COOH 17.4 HNO3 16 H2SO4 18
    HCl 11.3 HClO4 11.6 NH3 14.3
    HF 26.5 H3PO4 13.7

    Formulae
    1. No. of moles = given mass of substance / atomic or molecular mass of substance
    2. Molarity = No. of moles of solute / Volume of the solution in L
    3. No. of moles of solute = Molarity x Volume of the solution in L
    3
    4. Concentration (g/dm ) = Molarity x Molar or Atomic Mass
    5. Mass of Solute = Volume of the solution in L x Molarity x Atomic/Molar Mass

    Procedure

    Step 1: Preparation of 250mL of 0.1M Oxalic Acid Solution


    Prepare 0.1Molar solution of oxalic acid. Using following Formula
    Mass of oxalic acid = Volume of the solution in L x Molarity x Molar mass
    = 0.250 L x 0.1 M x 126
    = 3.15 g / 250 mL

    2
    Step 2: Preparation of NaOH Solution
    Prepare 0.1 Molar solution of NaOH . Using following Formula
    Mass of NaOH = Volume of the solution in L x Molarity x Molar mass
    = 0.250 L x 0.1 M x 40
    = 1 g / 250 mL

    Step 3: Standardization of NaOH Solution


    Principle: It is an acid base titration
    Standard Solution or Titrant: 0.1M solution of Oxalic acid
    (Titrate or Titrand ) solution of unknown strength: NaOH solution
    Indicator: Phenolphthalein
    End point: colorless

    Reaction: (COOH)2 + 2NaOH (COONa)2 + 2H2O

    Calculations:
    Molarity of NaOH solution

    Sr. No. Initial Reading Final Reading Volume


    1
    2
    3

    Mean Volume = V1= ml/cm3

    3
    Molarity of Oxalic acid solution = M1= 0.1 M
    Molarity of NaOH solution = M2= ? M
    Volume of oxalic acid used = V1= ml/cm3
    Volume of NaOH used = V2= 10 ml/cm3
    No. of reacting mole of oxalic acid=n1= 1
    No. of reacting mole of NaOH =n2= 2

    Known/available : Unknown/required

    Oxalic Acid NaOH

    M1 X V1 M2 x V2
    =
    n1 n2

    M1 X V1 x n2 = M2
    n1 x V2

    M2 = M

    Amount/dm3 of NaOH = Molarity of NaOH x Molecular Mass of NaOH

    Result:-

    4
    Exercise

    Q.1 How can you prepare 1dm3 solution of 0.25M Mg(OH)2 ? Show necessary calculations.

    Q.2 How can you prepare 500 ml of 2.0 M NaOH solution?

    Q.3 Calculate the amount/dm3 of oxalic acid if you have 2.0 L of 0.2 M oxalic acid solution.

    Q.4 Calculate the gram mole or molar mass of the following elements / compounds.

    1. Sodium nitrate, NaNO3(s) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    2. Potassium Chloride KCl(s) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    3. Aluminum, Al(s) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    4. Oxallic acid dihydrated,( COOH )2 .2 H2O ----------------------------------------------------------------

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