Chapter 2

2.0 Theoretical Framework

Given that language learning has different advantage because of its universal usage
and edge, the proponents saw that learning the specific language that one wants to
acquire may take too much of formalities and expenses to learn. Casual learners also
need to acquire textbooks that may cause them take out a large amount of monetary and
time expenses. Conventional means of learning another language is now seen as
obsolete because of such hindrances.

Most of the study shows, people who visits different countries for both tourist and
corporate business tends to be obliged to learn the specific language of that certain
place from surface level to advance level depending on what circumstances the
acquirers need it for. Given that language acquisition and learning is an edge in the
faster growing and innovating era, people from different class and social statures tends
to search for means on how to learn their language of choice. Another factor to
consider is the rise of Globalization, different countries with fastest growing trends
make people be with its pace. Best example would be the Korean Culture consisting of
KPOP and K-DRAMA. Second would be Anime Industry and its growing franchise
around the world. The rise of such adversaries for people with limited resources in
acquiring the language itself (unless they pay for the formal schooling that take so
much of the acquirers‘resources) is vividly noticeable and needs innovation.

The proponents given such adversaries will create something out of this
predicament and will come out with such innovation and practical solution in providing
casual to serious learners the chance to get an ample or suffice amount of learning
without forgetting their roots especially on the field of Nihongo, Hangul and Filipino.

SPEAK-PhilKorJa: An Android Based Language Tutorial Application 2-1

2.1 IT Terminologies
Software

Figure 2.1

It is organized information in the form of operating systems, utilities, programs,

and applications that enable computers to work. Software consists of carefully
organized instructions and code written by programmers in any of various special
computer languages. It is a set of instructions or programs instructing a computer to do
specific tasks. Software is a generic term used to describe computer programs. Scripts,
applications, programs and a set of instructions are all terms often used to describe
software

[BUSI2019]

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Hardware

Figure 2.2

Computer hardware is the collection of physical parts of a computer system. This

includes the computer case, monitor, keyboard, and mouse. It also includes all the parts
inside the computer case, such as the hard disk drive, motherboard, video card, and many
others. Computer hardware is what you can physically touch. The
term hardware distinguishes the tangible aspects of a computing device from software,
which consists of written instructions that tell physical components what to do.

[STUD2019]

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Android

Figure 2.3

The Android operating system is a mobile operating system that was developed
by Google to be primarily used for touch screen devices, cell phones, and tablets. Its
design lets users manipulate the mobile devices intuitively, with finger movements that
mirror common motions, such as pinching, swiping, and tapping. Android is a widely-
adopted open-source project. Google actively develops the Android platform but gives a
portion of it for free to hardware manufacturers and phone carriers who want to use
Android on their devices.

[INVE2019]

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Technology

Figure 2.4

Technology, the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims of

human life or, as it is sometimes phrased, to the change and manipulation of the human
environment. Technology is also an application of science used to solve problems. But it
is vital to know that technology and science are different subjects which work hand-in-
hand to accomplish specific tasks or solve problems. We use technology to extend our
abilities, making people the most crucial part of any technological system. We use
technology to accomplish various tasks in our daily lives, in brief; we can describe
technology as products and processes used to simplify our daily lives.

[BRIT2019]

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Mobile Application

Figure 2.5

A mobile application, most commonly referred to as an app, is a type of application

software designed to run on a mobile device, such as a smart phone or tablet computer.
Mobile applications frequently serve to provide users with similar services to those
accessed on PCs. Apps are generally small, individual software units with limited
function. This use of app software was originally popularized by Apple Inc. and its App
Store, which offers thousands of applications for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch. Some
devices come preloaded with some mobile apps courtesy of their manufacturers or the
mobile service providers with which they're associated but many more apps are available
through device-specific app stores.

[TECH2019]

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Android Studio

Figure 2.7

Android Studio is the official Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for

Android app development, based on IntelliJIDEA. On top of IntelliJ's powerful code
editor and developer tools, Android Studio offers even more features that enhance your
productivity when building Android apps. Android Studio displays your project files in
the Android project view, as shown in figure 1. This view is organized by modules to
provide quick access to your project's key source files. This tool is the same tool that
professional Android app developers use. Android Studio is only recommended
for advanced users who have extensive Java programming experience.

[DEVE2019]

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Laptop

Figure 2.8

Laptop computers, also known as notebooks, are portable computers that you
can take with you and use in different environments. They include a screen, keyboard,
and a track pad or trackball, which serves as the mouse. Because laptops are meant to
be used on the go, they have a battery which allows them to operate without being
plugged into a power outlet. Laptops also include a power adapter that allows them to
use power from an outlet and recharges the battery. Laptop computers provide users the
ability to run the machine using an internal battery or an outside power adaptor.
Laptops are usually more expensive than standard desktops and do not have the same
life-span as fixed personal computers.

[TECH2019]

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Algorithm

Figure 2.9

An algorithm (pronounced AL-go-rith-um) is a procedure or formula for

solving a problem, based on conducting a sequence of specified actions. A computer
program can be viewed as an elaborate algorithm. In mathematics and computer
science, an algorithm usually means a small procedure that solves a recurrent problem.
An algorithm is a step by step method of solving a problem. It is commonly used for
data processing, calculation and other related computer and mathematical operations.
An algorithm is also used to manipulate data in various ways, such as inserting a new
data item, searching for a particular item or sorting an item

[WHAT2019]

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Code/Programming Code

Figure 2.10

In programming, code (noun) is a term used for both the statements written in a
particular programming language - the source code , and a term for the source code
after it has been processed by a compiler and made ready to run in the computer - the
object code . Computer programming is a way of giving computers instructions about
what they should do next. These instructions are known as code, and computer
programmers write code to solve problems or perform a task

[WHAT2019]

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Settings

Figure 2.11

Setting is the time and place (or when and where) of the story. It‘s a literary
element of literature used in novels, short stories, plays, films, etc., and usually
introduced during the exposition (beginning) of the story, along with the characters.
The setting may also include the environment of the story, which can be made up of the
physical location, climate, weather, or social and cultural surroundings. There are
various ways that time and place indicate setting. Time can cover many areas, such as
the character‘s time of life, the time of day, time of year, time period such as the past,
present, or future.

[LITE2001]

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Background Music

Figure 2.12

Background Music is the debut studio album by the American hardcore punk
band Give Up the Ghost. The album was originally released on June 12, 2001 through
Equal Vision Records under the name American Nightmare but was later reissued in
2003 under the name Give Up the Ghost after another band named American
Nightmare filed a cease and desist order. Background Music was also reissued in 2011
through Deathwish Inc. in celebration of the band's reunion shows.

[DNDB2014]

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Navigation Bar

Figure 2.13

A navigation bar is a user interface element within a webpage that contains links
to other sections of the website. In most cases, the navigation bar is part of the main
website template, which means it is displayed on most, if not all, pages within the
website. This means that no matter what page you are viewing, you can use the
navigation bar to visit other sections of the website. The navigation bar is an important
element of a website's design since it allows users to quickly visit any section within the
site. If you've ever visited a website without a navigation bar, you may have found it is
difficult to locate the page you need.

[TECH2015]

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Menu Bar

Figure 2.14

A menu bar is a user interface element that contains selectable commands and
options for a specific program. In Windows, menu bars are typically located at the top
of open windows. In OS X, the menu bar is always fixed at the top of the screen, and
changes depending on what program is currently active. For Macs with multiple
screens, OS X Mavericks (OS X 10.9) displays a different menu bar for
the active application within each screen. While menu bar items vary between
applications, most menu bars include the standard File, Edit, and View menus. The File
menu includes common file options such as New, Open…, Save, and Print.

[TTEM2015]

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Design

Figure 2.15

Design is the creation of a plan or convention for the construction of an object or a

system. Design has different connotations in different fields. In some cases the direct
construction of an object is also considered to be design. More formally design has been
defined as follows. Another definition for design is a roadmap or a strategic approach for
someone to achieve a unique expectation. It defines the specifications, plans, parameters,
costs, activities, processes and how and what to do within legal, political, social,
environmental, safety and economic constraints in achieving that objective.

[DNDS2010]

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 GIF

Figure 2.16

Stands for "Graphics Interchange Format." GIF is an image file format

commonly used for images on the web and sprites in software programs. Unlike the
JPEG image format, GIFs uses lossless compression that does not degrade the quality
of the image. However, GIFs store image data using indexed color, meaning a standard
GIF image can include a maximum of 256 colors. The original GIF format, also known
as "GIF 87a," was published by CompuServe in 1987. In 1989, CompuServe released
an updated version of the format called "GIF 89a."

[TGIF2002]

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Text Field

Figure 2.17

It is also known as the data field and the payload. The user data field contained
within a block, cell, frame, or packet. The text may be preceded by start-of-text (STX)
and succeeded by end-of-text (ETX) control characters so the receiving device can
determine the location of the message data. See also block, cell, data
format (illustration), frame, header, packet, and trailer. A graphical control
element intended to enable the user to input text information to be used by the program.

[PMAG2000]

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PNG Image

Figure 2.18

PNG, which can be pronounced "ping" or "P-N-G," is a compressed raster

graphic format. It is commonly used on the Web and is also a popular choice
for application graphics. The PNG format was introduced in 1994, after
the GIF and JPEG formats had already been around for several years. Therefore, PNG
includes many of the benefits of both formats. For example, PNG images
use lossless compression like GIF files, so they do not have any blurring or other
artifacts that may appear in JPEG images. The PNG format also supports 24-bit colour
like the JPEG format, so a PNG image may include over 16 million colours.

[TPNG2004]

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Beta Release

Figure 2.19

A pre-release of software that is given out to a large group of users to try under
real conditions. Beta versions have gone through alpha testing in-house and are
generally fairly close in look, feel and function to the final product; however, design
changes often occur as a result. Beta testing is imperative when writing software
because developers are too close to their products, and fresh eyes are essential. In
addition, for Windows developers especially, it is impossible to duplicate the myriad
configurations of PC hardware/software that exist, and beta versions test for potential
conflicts as much as usability.

[PMAG1981]

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Icons

Figure 2.20

An icon on your computer screen represents an object or a program on your

hard drive. For example, the folders you see on your desktop or in open windows are
icons. The files that you see in those folders are also icons. The trash can on the
Macintosh and the recycle bin on Windows are both icons as well. Icons are a visual
representation of something on your computer. For example, a blue "e" on your screen
most likely represents the Internet Explorer program. By clicking and dragging icons,
you can move the actual files they represent to various locations on your computer's
hard drive. By double-clicking an application icon, you can open the program.

[TECH2010]

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Version

Figure 2.21

A form of something that is different from other forms or from the original. One
of several releases of the same item (such as a vehicle for civil or military uses),
intellectual work (such as a software), or title document (such as bond or share
certificate) containing major changes. A particular form of something differing in
certain respects from an earlier form or other forms of the same type of thing. An
account of a matter from a particular person's point of view.

[TECH2010]

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Facebook

Figure 2.22

Facebook is a social networking website that was originally designed for

college students, but is now open to anyone 13 years of age or older. Facebook users
can create and customize their own profiles with photos, videos, and information about
themselves. Friends can browse the profiles of other friends and write messages on
their pages. Each Facebook profile has a "wall," where friends can post comments.
Since the wall is viewable by all the user's friends, wall postings are basically a public
conversation. Therefore, it is usually best not to write personal messages on your
friends' walls.

[TECH2014]

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Instagram

Figure 2.23

Instagram is an online photo sharing service. It allows you to apply different

types of photo filters to your pictures with a single click, then share them with others.
While is a rather basic service, Instagram's simplicity has helped it gain widespread
popularity. While nearly all smartphones have built-in cameras, they often do not
produce quality photos. By using Instagram, you can liven up otherwise mediocre
images and make them look more professional. For example, Instagram's Valencia
filter brightens photos and enhances the contrast, improving the appearance of drab
photos. The Earlybird filter adds a slight blur to the image, warms the colors, and
vignettes the corners, giving photos a softer look.

[TECH2015]

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Play Store

Figure 2.24

Google Play, formerly Android Market, is a digital distribution service operated

and developed by Google. It serves as the official app store for the Android operating
system, allowing users to browse and download applications developed with the Android
software development kit (SDK) and published through Google. Google Play also serves
as a digital media store, offering music, books, movies, and television programs. It
previously offered Google hardware devices for purchase until the introduction of a
separate online hardware retailer, Google Store, on March 11, 2015, and it also offered
news publications and magazines before the revamp of Google News on May 15, 2018.

[TECH2015]

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Twitter

Figure 2.25

Twitter is online news and social networking site where people communicate in
short messages called tweets. Tweeting is posting short messages for anyone who
follows you on Twitter, with the hope that your messages are useful and interesting to
someone in your audience. Another description of Twitter and tweeting might be micro
blogging. Some people use Twitter to discover interesting people and companies
online, opting to follow their tweets. Twitter's big appeal is how scan-friendly it is: You
can track hundreds of interesting Twitter users and read their content with a glance.
This is ideal for our modern attention-deficit world.

[LIFE2016]

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2.2 Non IT Terminologies

Gestures

Figure 2.26

A gesture is any action that sends a visual signal to an onlooker. To become a

gesture, an act has to be seen by someone else and has to communicate some piece of
information to them. It can do this either because the gesturer deliberately sets out to
send a signal - as when he waves his hand - or it can do it only incidentally - as when
he sneezes. A gesture is something that you say or do in order to express your attitude or
intentions, often something that you know will not have much effect

[UEAF1999]

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Lesson

Figure 2.27

A lesson is a structured period of time where learning is intended to occur. It

involves one or more students (also called pupils or learners in some circumstances)
being taught by a teacher or instructor. In a wider sense, a lesson is an insight gained by
a learner into previously unfamiliar subject-matter. Such a lesson can be planned or
accidental, enjoyable or painful. Some lessons may involve work by the student.
Traditionally this might include reading and writing or creating something, perhaps
when the instructor is not present. The student may work independently or collaborate
with others. A group of lessons may be linked together in a unit plan, scheme, or work.

[COLL1997]

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Quiz

Figure 2.28

A quiz is a form of game or mind sport, in which the players (as individuals or
in teams) attempt to answer questions correctly. It is a game to test your knowledge
about a certain subject. In some countries, a quiz is also a brief assessment used in
education and similar fields to measure growth in knowledge, abilities, and or skills.
Quizzes are usually scored in points and many quizzes are designed to determine a
winner from a group of participants – usually the participant with the highest score.
They may also involve eliminating those who get too many questions wrong, the
winner being the last man standing.

[COLL2010]

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Game

Figure 2.29

A game is a structured form of play, usually undertaken for enjoyment and

sometimes used as an educational tool. Games are distinct from work, which is usually
carried out for remuneration, and from art, which is more often an expression of
aesthetic or ideological elements. However, the distinction is not clear-cut, and many
games are also considered to be work (such as professional players of spectator sports
or games) or art (such as jigsaw puzzles or games involving an artistic layout such as
Mah-jong, solitaire, or some video games).

[URBA1999]

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Word

Figure 2.30

In linguistics, a word is the smallest element that can be uttered in isolation

with objective or practical meaning. This contrasts deeply with a morpheme, which is
the smallest unit of meaning but will not necessarily stand on its own. A complex word
will typically include a root and one or more affixes (rock-s, red-ness, quick-ly, run-
ning, un- expect-ed), or more than one root in a compound (black-board, sand-box).
Words can be put together to build larger elements of language, such as phrases (a red
rock, put up with), clauses (I threw a rock), and sentences (He threw a rock too, but he
missed).

[COLLI2010]

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Phrases

Figure 2.31

A phrase is a group of words that express a concept and is used as a unit within
a sentence. Eight common types of phrases are: noun, verb, gerund, infinitive,
appositive, participial, prepositional, and absolute. Certain phrases have specific names
based on the type of word that begins or governs the word group: noun phrase, verb
phrase, prepositional phrase, infinitive phrase, participle phrase, gerund phrase, and absolute
phrase. It does not have to have any special meaning or significance, or even exist
anywhere outside of the sentence being analyzed, but it must function there as a
complete grammatical unit.

[YOUR1998]

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Alphabet

Figure 2.32

An alphabet is a set of all the letters in a written language. The letters in

an alphabet represent the different sounds in that language. When you sing the A, B, C
song, you are singing the English alphabet. An alphabet is a standard set of letters
(basic written symbols or graphemes) that represent the phonemes (basic significant
sounds) of any spoken language it is used to write. This is in contrast to other types of
writing systems, such as syllabaries (in which each character represents a
syllable) and logographic systems (in which each character represents a word,
morpheme, or semantic unit).

[VOCU2016]

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Vowel

Figure 2.33

A speech sound which is produced by comparatively open configuration of the

vocal tract, with vibration of the vocal cords but without audible friction, and which is
a unit of the sound system of a language that forms the nucleus of a syllable. Any
voiced speech sound characterized by generalized friction of the air passing in a
continuous stream through the pharynx and opened mouth but with no constriction
narrow enough to produce local friction; the sound of the greatest prominence in most
syllables. A letter (as a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y) or a character or a symbol
representing such a sound.

[YOUR2016]

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Consonant

Figure 2.34

A consonant is a speech sound that is not a vowel. It also refers to letters of the
alphabet that represent those sounds: Z, B, T, G, and H are all consonants. Consonants
are all the non-vowel sounds, or their corresponding letters: A, E, I, O, U and
sometimes Y are not consonants. In hat, H and T are consonants. Consonant can also be
an adjective that describes things that seem like they should go together, things that are
"agreeable." You could say a nation's offer of aid is consonant with their treaties. When
you hear consonant sounds in music, they are pleasing, the opposite of "dissonant"
sounds which are harsh.

[DCOC2019]

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Subject

Figure 2.35

Subject can mean "topic," as in "Let's change the subject." It can also mean "to
make someone do something," as in "Don't let your dad subject you to an hour-long
lecture on fishing." It can also mean everyone in a country who is not the ruler, as in
"The king greeted his subjects when he returned from abroad." A subject could be a
broad branch of knowledge, like Biology, or a very narrow focus, like the effects of
drought on avocados. If you are painting a portrait, the person posing for you is
your subject. Subject can also mean beholden, or subordinate.

[VOCA2000]

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Verb

Figure 2.36

Verbs are the action words in a sentence that describe what the subject is doing.
Along with nouns, verbs are the main part of a sentence or phrase, telling a story about
what is taking place. In fact, without a verb, full thoughts can‘t be properly conveyed,
and even the simplest sentences, such as Maria sings, have one. Actually a verb can be
a sentence by itself, with the subject, in most case you, implied, such as, Sing! and
Drive! When learning the rules of grammar, schoolchildren are often taught that verbs
are doing‘ words, meaning they signify the part of the sentence which explains the
action taking place.

[GSGC2004]

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Object

Figure 2.37

An object (OB-ject) is something that is a visible entity, something that can be

perceived by the senses. If you are unsure whether something is an object, test it by
seeing whether it can cast a shadow; if it can, it's an object, if it can't, it's not. In court,
lawyers will often say, "I object!" Here, the verb object (ob-JECT) means to express
disagreement. When your younger brother runs around the house with scissors, you
should definitely an object. Perhaps a less sharp object such as a roll of paper towels
would suffice.

[IDDO2001]

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Speaking

Figure 2.38

Speaking is what we do when we talk to each other, either out loud or through
sign language. Many classrooms have a rule that speaking is not allowed during
quizzes and exams. In addition to the speaking we do to communicate feelings and
ideas, there's also public speaking, when someone gives a speech in front of an
audience. And if you're not on speaking terms with someone, it means that you're so
angry with each other that you don't talk anymore. The act, utterance, or discourse of a
person who speaks. Speaking‘s, literary works composed for recitation, as ancient
bardic poetry; oral literature. to talk to someone about something speak to somebody.

[ECDS1999]

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Traditions

Figure 2.39

A belief or behavior passed down within a group or society with symbolic

meaning or special significance with origins in the past. Common examples include
holidays or impractical but socially meaningful clothes, but the idea has also been
applied to social norms such as greetings. Traditions can persist and evolve for thousands
of years—the word "tradition" itself derives from the Latin tradere or traderer literally
meaning to transmit, to hand over, to give for safekeeping. While it is commonly
assumed that traditions have ancient history, many traditions have been invented on
purpose, whether that be political or cultural, over short periods of time.

[DNDT2012]

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Culture

Figure 2.40

Culture is a modern concept based on a term first used in classical antiquity by

the Roman orator Cicero: "cultura animi". The term "culture" appeared first in Europe in
the 18th and 19th centuries, to connote a process of cultivation or improvement, as in
agriculture or horticulture. In the 19th century, the term developed to refer first to the
betterment or refinement of the individual, especially through education, and then to the
fulfillment of national aspirations or ideals. In the 20th century, "culture" emerged as a
central concept in anthropology, encompassing the range of human phenomena that
cannot be attributed to genetic inheritance

[DNDC1988]

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Japanese

Figure 2.41

Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the
east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from
the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The
characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is
sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun". Japan is an archipelago of 6,852
islands. The four largest islands are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku, which
together comprise about ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's
tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. Honshū's Greater Tokyo Area, is
the largest metropolitan area in the world.
[BRIT2019]

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Nihongo

Figure 2.42

Japanese language ("Nihongo" in Japanese) is the language which only

Japanese people are using in the world. It uses kanji characters from China, but the
language system is very different from Chinese language. Japanese ("Nihon-go" in
Japanese) is the language spoken in Japan, in East Asia. Japanese is an isolated
language. One theory says Japanese and Korean are related, but most linguists no
longer believe so. Interestingly, a different term is used for Japanese as a course of
study by citizens: it is "kokugo", which means national language.

[TRAV2010]

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Korean

Figure 2.43

Korean, known in the language itself as Kugo, is the language of the Korean
Peninsula in northeast Asia. Korean is also spoken by almost 2 million people in China,
mainly in provinces bordering North Korea. There are approximately half a million
speakers in Japan and Russia, as well as significant numbers in the United States (over
600,000) with large communities on the west coast and in New York. Relating to North
or South Korea or its people or language. a native or inhabitant of North or South Korea.
The official language of North and South Korea, considered by some scholars to be part
o f the Altaic family of languages.Of or relating to or characteristic of Korea or its people
o r language; "Korean handicrafts".

[ASIA2019]

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Hangul

Figure 2.44

Korean uses (Hangeul) or Hangul alphabet as its writing system. Some people
think hangul means the Korean language but it‘s the name of the Korean alphabet letters.
(han) means ‗Korean‘ and (geul) means ‗letter‘. And ‗Korean language‘ (specifically,
South Korean language) in Korean is (hangugeo). In South Korea, Hangul is sometimes
augmented by Chinese characters, called hanja, whereas in North Korea, hanja is
virtually nonexistent. Hangul is a true alphabet of 24 consonant and vowel letters.
However, instead of being written sequentially like the letters of the Latin.

[KORE2019]

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Tagalog

Figure 2.45

Derived from ―Taga-ilog,‖ which literally means ―from the river,‖ Tagalog is an
Austronesian language belonging to the Malayo-Polynesian subfamily, with outside
influences from Malay and Chinese and later from both Spanish and American English
through four centuries of colonial rule. This influence is seen in Tagalog words and
their spelling. Possible words of Old Tagalog origin are attested in the Laguna
Copperplate Inscription from the tenth century, which is largely written in Old Malay.

[LIVI2019]

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Baybayin

Figure 2.46

Baybayin is a pre-Spanish Philippine writing system. It is a member of

the Brahmic family and is recorded as being in use in the 16th century. It continued to be
used during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines up until the late 19th Century.
The script is well known because it was carefully documented by Catholic clergy who
lived in the Philippines during the colonial era. The term Baybay literally means "to
spell" in Tagalog. Baybayin was extensively documented by the Spanish. Some have
attributed it the name Alibata, but this name is incorrect Modern scripts in the
Philippines, descended from Baybayin, are Hanunó'o, Buhid.

[AKOP2010]

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Hiragana

Figure 2.47

Hiragana developed from Chinese characters, as shown below. Hiragana was

originally called onnade or 'women's hand' as were used mainly by women - men wrote
in kanji and katakana. By the 10th century, hiragana was used by everybody. The word
hiragana means "ordinary syllabic script". Hiragana is a Japanese syllabary, one basic
component of the Japanese writing system, along with katakana, kanji, and in some cases
the Latin-script alphabet. Hiragana and katakana are both kana systems; they have
corresponding character sets in which each kana, or character, represents one mora.

[DNDH1998]

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Katakana

Figure 2.48

Katakana is a Japanese syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system

along with hiragana, kanji, and in some cases the Latin script. The word katakana means
"fragmentary kana", as the katakana characters are derived from components of more
complex kanji. Katakana and hiragana are both kana systems; they have corresponding
character sets in which each kana, or character, represents one mora. Each kana is either
a vowel such as "a"; a consonant followed by a vowel such as "ka"; or "n", a nasal
sonorant which, depending on the context, sounds either like English m, n, or ng, or like
the nasal vowels of Portuguese or French.

[OMNI1998]

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Multi-Language

Figure 2.49

Multi-language is when something is expressed in two or more languages.

Multi- language is also referred to as multi-lingual. So multi-lingual or multi-language
refers to the expression of something in more than two languages. The fluency is also
an important factor to be taken into consideration. The ability to express oneself in
multiple languages with similar fluency is basically multi-language. A lot of global
companies ensure that their documents, exams, tests are in multiple languages as they
have to interact with people, companies, organizations from across the world. Apart
from this, even software that are made by large enterprises give an option of selecting
languages depending upon the preference of an individual.
[MBAS2011]

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Ancient Script

Figure 2.50

Unique ancient artifacts are objects, pieces of art, or even larger scale items or
structures. These artifacts can capture the imagination of the viewer, give insight into
the lives of ancient civilisations or provide us with clues about ourselves. Here at
Legends and Chronicles we will detail the most interesting of all the ancient artifacts of
the world, from ancient sculptures, tools, and utensils to larger scale artifacts and
artifacts with mysterious origins.

[LEGE2007]

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2.3 Review of Related Literature

2.3.1 Introduction

This chapter it includes different concepts, ideas, theories, articles and finish
thesis, conclusive generalization and other form of research. Each that is included will be
a useful guide in sorting out and familiarizing essential data and information that will be
a big help in the present study.

2.3.2 Foreign Literature

Title Research Similarities Differences

East Asian Recognize a serious

Studies the Korean
Languages and commitment to the
language. It only teaches one
Literature, study of Korean
Educational language, Korean.
Mi-Hyun Kim language and
system.
(2019) culture
Tackle and
understand the
nature of literacy
Effect of SPEAK-PhilKorJa
difficulties among Studies the
Bilingualism on also tackles a brief
Filipino speaking Filipino culture.
Literacy history of the
children with the
Development, Philippines
long – term view of
Dina Ocampo
creating appropriate
(2002)
teaching programs

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 Determining the
tools and strategies
use by the Filipinos Teaching Korean
I Learn Korean Have English,
language learner language for
My Way Korean and Filipino
who learn the Filipinos.
Mary Ann E. dictionary.
Korean language
Tarusan (2016)
without formal
education

Japanese Culture SPEAK-PhilKorJa

How the language Teaches Japanese
Reflected in the offers only the
affects the lives and language,
Language, culture, alphabets
culture of the people communication
MeikoMaclnnes and commonly use
affected by it and culture.
(1997) phrases in Japanese.

Table 2.3.2 Comparison of Foreign Literatures

The aforementioned literary works focus more on the general aspect of learning a
system of language. Each of the studies tackles the things that are being affected once a
person tries to adapt to a new language environment. Each of them determines the
fundamentals and tools on how a person learns the language itself.

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2.3.3 Local Literature

Title Research Similarities Differences

An application
specifically made for
Android Based –
students and
Library Mobile Definitions of the
researchers who are Library use
Application words that are used
using library. It is a only.
System, Mary in the language
mobile application in
Grace Angeles et. communication.
handling all the library
Al (2018)
transaction within an
institution/organization.
An android based SPEAK-
Fast Thumb
application that PhilKorJa offers
Typing, Both gaming
enhance and improve games and
Benjamin T. application.
the users in typing translation of
Cerdeña, et.al
skills in an android common
(2018)
mobile system. phrases..
An android application
SPEAK-
that can give all sorts of Studied the culture,
Kultura,Jomel V. PhilKorJa offers
information regarding language and
Mora et.al (2018) games and also
the Filipino culture to communications of
tackles a brief
preserve the Filipino’s the Philippines
history.
traits and values.

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 Periodic Table A 3D game/application Both offer mini SPEAK-
Game design for students and games. PhilKorJa is a
Application, Ariel user who are learning Gives history learning
C. Artaho et.al all the things about the about the language
(2018) periodic table of application. application.
elements.
An application that SPEAK-
would cater the PhilKorJa is a
children in preschool learning
Trace and Paint, Educational
and nursery in terms of language
Frinlan S. Cobre system/application.
coloring, writing, application.
et.al (2018) Offers games.
tracing numbers and Does not limit
letters for them to learn the ages of the
while playing. user.

Table 2.3.3 Comparison of Local Studies

Aforementioned literary piece and capstone works are brought with the
motivation of imparting knowledge or learning in different fields including language.
The systems created in regard to these literary works are much inclined to what kind of
modules we want our app to possess.

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2.3.4 Synthesis

In regards to the previous studies and literature there have been the most
significant of need and demand for people learning different language in the different
aspects of life. It is said that learning language in different platforms will have significant
effect on the person acquiring the new set of language. With the help of aforementioned
studies and literature that has been a foundation of other proponents that come up with
their own solution in giving language a more solidified and good area in terms of
learning.

Language, it may be defined as a medium of communication wherein we used a

series or a family of non-verbal, and verbal gestures giving way to universal
understanding. During the process of the researching, Mr. Ocampo’s Effect of
Bilingualism on Literacy Development caught the proponent’s interest. It states that
learning multi-language has significant effect on the child’s learning and development
stage based on their series of research. Another thing that shed light to these researches is
the platform introduced by Ms. Dino, thePinanggalingan. Ms. Dino’s research made way
for the Filipino’s to understand and for the last time give importance to what Baybayin
which is supposedly our own native alphabet. Ms. Dino’s platform gave way in
translating foreign words and even our own language going to their own equivalent
Baybayin writing. We can surmise that learning a new language may also be learning
other things and acquiring new skills and competencies in the long run. From what our
proponents saw on how Memrise execute their teams own set of language tutorial, our
team hypothetically assumed that learning with the most pleasing of environment
especially on the design may be considered the most efficient and fast way of acquiring
the language being taught. It is said on a few educational articles online a child’s brain
may accelerate in learning new things when it being executed in a visually pleasing
manner because the physical recognition of a child’s brain is superior especially around
the development stage. Based on the previous comparison table on literature and studies
of both foreign and local field, our team can conclude on their part that language is a key
figure in building a better community in terms of communication.

Mostly of the tables impart different approaches in dealing with their own set of
problems. All given problems were real-world scenarios based on different possible
needs and demands that will certainly be needed by future users of the existing systems
on the aforementioned tables with comparison. To sum it all up, all systems, literature
and studies tackled in the table of comparison where all dealing with advantages of
acquiring proficiency in another set of languages possible with approaches that can be
helpful in building and developing the mind and capacity of the end-users. The
proponents would like to further expand the existing application to satisfy the user.

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