9/25/2018 What You'll Learn

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ARDUINO CLASS (/class/Arduino-Class/): LESSON 1

WHAT YOU'LL LEARN

with bekathwia (/member/bekathwia/)

(https://cdn instructables com/F3X/0FNI/J3KFAO9O/F3X0FNIJ3KFAO9O LARGE jpg)

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 Have you ever wanted to tinker with technology?
9/25/2018
Arduino exists to help creative people
What You'll Learn

and techno-beginners build projects with electronics. As a platform, it fast-tracks users to

success by helping ease the setup
Ask a burden
Question and learning
Download curve usually associated with
electrical engineering and computer science.
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Arduino is the best way to get started with microcontroller programming and building
your own circuits that sense and react to the world around them. In this class, we'll get
creative with electronics and get comfortable with the concepts you'll use to launch your
long and fruitful Arduino journey.

The name Arduino de nes several layers of your experience:

software - used to compose your programs and communicate with the hardware, called

an integrated development environment (Arduino IDE)

hardware - refers to the boards themselves (e.g. Arduino Uno)

programming language - the Arduino programming language is based on C

trademark - Other brands may manufacture Arduino-compatible hardware, but only

some boards are of cial, and owning their trademark provides some unique protections.

For instance, it allows the hardware and software to remain open source.

Arduino is also a huge global community, which means you'll nd vast quantities of
inspirational projects, sample code, and solutions to your problems online.

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The following lessons are designed to build your skills in Arduino incrementally over time,
leaving you with enough basic knowledge to go out and create projects from your
imagination.

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Early on, you'll do breadboard experiments to increase your familiarity with key concepts
of electricity, components, and coding in the Arduino language.

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Adding interactivity will be your next challenge. While you level up your hardware skills to
add buttons and knobs to control your circuits, you'll also learn more programming
concepts.

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Then you'll acquire a variety of skills for building and programming, including soldering,
understanding the power requirements of your Arduino projects, installing code libraries,
and controlling a strip of addressable LEDs. You will graduate with the con dence to take
on in nite Arduino projects in the future!

Tools and Materials for Arduino

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This lesson is a complete list of the supplies you'll need to complete this class. To make it a
bit easier to get everything at once, I've created an Adafruit wishlist containing most of
the components and tools (https://www.adafruit.com/wishlists/410578). To get started
with the bare minimum, you can complete most of the core exercises with the contents of
the Adafruit Arduino Uno Budget Pack (https://www.adafruit.com/products/193). If you're
using a different kit, some of the components may differ from those shown in the photos
throughout this class. You may also complete this entire class virtually, for free, using
Tinkercad Circuits (https://www.tinkercad.com/circuits)!

For the basic exercises:

Computer running Arduino software (https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software)

Adafruit Arduino Uno Budget Pack (https://www.adafruit.com/products/193)

Arduino Uno board (https://www.adafruit.com/products/50)

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USB A-B cable (https://www.adafruit.com/products/62)
Half-sized breadboard (https://www.adafruit.com/products/64)
Ask a Question Download
Breadboard wires (https://www.adafruit.com/products/153)
10K potentiometer (https://www.adafruit.com/products/356) 100% complete

2 small pushbuttons (https://www.adafruit.com/products/367)

5 red diffused 5mm LEDs (https://www.adafruit.com/products/299)

Bright red (https://www.adafruit.com/products/297), green

(https://www.adafruit.com/products/300), and blue

(https://www.adafruit.com/products/301) LEDs (one each or an RGB LED

(https://www.adafruit.com/products/159))

5 220-1K ohm resistors (https://www.adafruit.com/products/2780) (all same value,

any value within range OK)

5 10K ohm resistors (https://www.adafruit.com/products/2784)

Plastic mounting plate for breadboard and Arduino

(https://www.adafruit.com/products/275)
Small athead screwdriver (https://www.adafruit.com/products/424)

Small DC motor (https://www.adafruit.com/products/711), PN2222 transistor

(https://www.adafruit.com/product/756), and 1N4001 diode

(https://www.adafruit.com/products/755)

To complete the Skills Infusion lesson (here's a great toolkit with almost everything you
need (https://www.adafruit.com/products/136)):

Soldering iron (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01DUPRXCE/?tag=instructabl09-20)

and solder (https://www.adafruit.com/product/145)

1 meter of 60/m RGBW NeoPixel strip (https://www.adafruit.com/products/2837)

Small needlenose pliers (https://www.adafruit.com/product/146)

Flush diagonal cutters (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00FZPDG1K/?

tag=instructabl09-20)

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Wire strippers (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00FZPHMUG/?tag=instructabl09-20)
Multimeter (https://www.adafruit.com/products/2034) (optional but very handy)
Ask a Question Download
Tweezers (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01HB46J8E/?tag=instructabl09-20)
Third hand tool (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B010C504NK/?tag=instructabl09-20)
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Desoldering braid (https://www.adafruit.com/products/149) or solder sucker

(https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002MJMXD4/?tag=instructabl09-20)

Recommended vendors for Arduino components & accessories:

Adafruit (https://www.adafruit.com/category/17) (& distributors

(https://www.adafruit.com/distributors)) (worldwide)

Arduino.cc store (https://store.arduino.cc/) (worldwide)

Understanding the Tools

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Arduino Uno (https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardUno) - This board is built

around the Atmega328 microcontroller, with supporting components to make it easy to
connect up your own circuits. The Uno connects to your computer with a USB A to B
cable, which is commonly used for printers (boxy connector). For this class, it is acceptable
to use a compatible stand-in for the Arduino Uno, such as a Sparkfun RedBoard
(https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12757) or Seeeduino V4.2
(https://www.seeedstudio.com/Seeeduino-V4.2-p-2517.html), just make sure you have
the right USB cable.

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 Solderless breadboard (https://www.adafruit.com/products/64)
9/25/2018 What You'll Learn
- This device has strips of
metal inside and many holes that allow you to connect components quickly and easily. A
mounting plate (https://www.adafruit.com/products/275)
Ask a Question Download
is recommended, to keep the
breadboard and Arduino Uno together. You'll connect to the Arduino with wires
(breadboard wires (https://www.adafruit.com/products/153) are great but you can alsocomplete
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use solid core hookup wire).

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 Electronic components - You'll create circuits by
9/25/2018
plugging LEDs and other components
What You'll Learn

into your breadboard. This class introduces each new component with a basic exercise
showing you how to wire it upAsk
and write an appropriate
a Question Download
Arduino program. Components
used: 5mm LEDs, resistors, a pushbutton switch, a potentiometer, and a small DC motor
(with its own diode and transistor). Lessons cover the basics with an emphasis on writing
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code to interact with the components. For more in-depth information beyond what's
covered here, please check out Randy Sarafan's Electronics class
(https://www.instructables.com/class/Electronics-Class/) or LEDs & Lighting class
(https://www.instructables.com/class/LEDs-and-Lighting-Class/).

Soldering tools (https://www.adafruit.com/products/136) - The Skills Infusion lesson

teaches you how to connect wires to LED strip with a soldering iron, which heats the
components enough to ow solder (https://www.adafruit.com/product/145) (an easy
melting alloy) between them. Any basic iron (https://www.adafruit.com/products/180) will
do! Wire strippers (https://www.adafruit.com/products/147) remove insulation to expose
https://www.instructables.com/lesson/Tools-and-Materials-for-Arduino/ 14/25
 the conductor inside, pliers (https://www.adafruit.com/product/146)
9/25/2018 What You'll Learn
and tweezers
(https://www.adafruit.com/products/421)help you position components, and a third hand
tool (https://www.adafruit.com/products/291)
Ask a Question
helps keep everything steady. Flush snips
Download
(https://www.adafruit.com/product/152) do a great job trimming excess wires and
component leads after soldering. Wear protective eyewear when soldering and clipping 100% complete
wires, and solder in a well-ventilated area.

RGBW NeoPixel strip (https://www.adafruit.com/products/2837) - This digitally

addressable strip contains WS2812b chips controlling compound LEDs in red, green,
blue, and white. NeoPixel is the Adafruit brand name but you can also nd this strip by
searching for "WS2812b RGBW strip" on your favorite supplier's site. The sample code
provided in this class will not work with RGB (no white) strip, analog LED strip, or with
any other kind of digital control chip (like APA104 aka DotStar).

Software Setup

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(https://cdn instructables com/FDT/25F2/J3KFAOB6/FDT25F2J3KFAOB6 LARGE jpg)

The Arduino IDE (software for composing code and sending it to your board) runs on
Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. Head to the download page
(https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software) and click the option that best describes your
system. While the software is downloading, connect your Arduino board to your computer
with a USB A to B cable ( at to boxy, typically used for printers). The green LED next to
the label ON should turn on, and the orange LED next to the label L should begin blinking.

Depending on your operating system, your software installation procedure will vary. On
Windows, run the installer, which will also install the necessary drivers (provided your
Arduino board is plugged in). On OS X, drag the Arduino app into your Applications folder
(no drivers necessary). For more help with Windows if the installation doesn't go
smoothly, refer to Arduino's detailed instructions
(https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/ArduinoUno). If you prefer not to download software,
most of the class can also be completed using the Arduino Web Editor
(https://create.arduino.cc/editor).
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Open the Arduino application and load up the rst code example by selecting File ->
Examples -> 01.Basics -> Blink.

Next it's time to tell the software what kind of Arduino board we intend to program. Select
Tools -> Board -> Arduino/Genuino Uno.

Then we need to select the communication port connected to the Arduino board. Select
Tools -> Port, then whichever port name is labeled "(Arduino/Genuino Uno)." If none of
your ports are labeled, try unplugging your board, checking the Ports menu, then
replugging your board and checking the Ports menu again. Whichever port name
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 disappears then reappears is likely to be your What
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Arduino board. On Windows your port will
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likely be called "COM3" (or higher numbers) and on OS X it's likely to be something like
"/dev/cu.usbmodem1461." Ask a Question Download

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Now click the Upload button to transfer the Blink example code to the Arduino board. The
LEDs labeled RX and TX will ash, and the software will show a message "Done
uploading." Moments later the LED labeled L will begin blinking as it did when you rst
plugged it in.

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Congratulations, you're ready to begin the next lesson, where we'll dig into the code you
just uploaded, as well as build your rst few LED circuits and discover how to control
them using basic Arduino programming concepts.

If your port doesn't appear, or you get an error when trying to upload, refer to Arduino's
detailed troubleshooting guide (https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Troubleshooting), which
covers many other common issues.

Arduino History

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 The origin story of Arduino (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino)
9/25/2018 What You'll Learn
is long and complicated,
with more characters than Game of Thrones. I'll attempt to summarize it here, with a focus
on the evolution of the hardware and community.Download
Ask a Question

In the early 2000s, students and professors at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII)
100% complete
in Italy developed a new microcontroller board for use speci cally by artists and designers.
They held workshops and seminars using the boards throughout different iterations,
which were programmed using Wiring, a creative coding platform developed by
Hernando Barragán (https://arduinohistory.github.io/). Wiring easily allowed creators to
program microcontrollers by providing a supportive software environment, a bootloader
for easily uploading programs to the board, and a comprehensive online reference
including add-on libraries and forums.

Some other members of IDII partnered with a manufacturer to develop a version of the
hardware that used an Atmega8 microcontroller, and Arduino was born. The original
Arduino team members' names can be found on the Arduino NG board pictured above:
Massimo Banzi, David Cuartielles, Tom Igoe, Gianluca Martino, and David Mellis.

The Arduino Uno (https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardUno) we'll use in this

class is the agship development board of the Arduino brand, and it is the latest iteration
in a long line of boards with a mission to make it easier for non-engineers to use.

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 Features accrued over time, and DIY upgrade What
9/25/2018
tutorials also were published, when
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applicable. I recall hand-soldering a capacitor to two pads on my Arduino NG in order to

take advantage of a new Diecimila update. The pin
Ask a Question layout was consistent between boards
Download
(with some more pins added in later models) so that add-on shields could be backwards
compatible. There's a full chronology about the board that became the Uno on the100% complete
Arduino site (https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Boards).

Other boards with specialized functions have been released in the Arduino product line.
Need more inputs and outputs? Use an Arduino Mega
(https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMega2560). Want a smaller circuit board
and USB keyboard functionality? Use an Arduino Micro
(https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMicro). And so forth. Of cial Arduino
boards are all natively supported by the Arduino software.

For the enthusiast, it's possible to develop your own hardware that works with the
Arduino software, too. Because Arduino is an ecosystem of open source hardware and
software, it's possible to develop your own hardware that works with the Arduino
software. It is also possible to build on the circuit to create a version to suit a more speci c22/25
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 function, and manufacture and sell those designs.
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Because the plans have been freely
What You'll Learn

available online, you'll see hundreds of Arduino-compatible boards designed by

corporations and individuals alike,
Ask aranging
Question wildly Download
in function and complexity. Some are
designed to be pin-compatible with the Arduino Uno, like the Sparkfun Redboard
(https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12757) or Adafruit Metro 100% complete
(https://www.adafruit.com/products/2488). More compact boards for building tidy small
circuits like the Pro Trinket (https://www.adafruit.com/products/2000) and Pro Mini
(https://www.sparkfun.com/products/11113) make it easy to translate your breadboard
prototype to a nished project. Complex boards like the Huzzah
(https://www.adafruit.com/products/2821) (wi ), Touch Board
(http://www.bareconductive.com/shop/touch-board/) (capacitive touch + audio playback),
and Circuit Playground (https://www.adafruit.com/products/3000) (beginner lessons
baked into the board) empower beginners to accomplish very sophisticated projects with
ease.

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