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Distillation Session 1

The document discusses distillation and key concepts related to separating components in a liquid mixture using distillation. It explains that distillation relies on differences in boiling points of components to separate a more volatile component from a less volatile component. It then defines relative volatility as a measure of the differences in volatility between two components, indicating how easy or difficult a particular separation will be. Higher relative volatility values above 1.0 mean an easier separation is possible by distillation.

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atif irshad
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49 views9 pages

Distillation Session 1

The document discusses distillation and key concepts related to separating components in a liquid mixture using distillation. It explains that distillation relies on differences in boiling points of components to separate a more volatile component from a less volatile component. It then defines relative volatility as a measure of the differences in volatility between two components, indicating how easy or difficult a particular separation will be. Higher relative volatility values above 1.0 mean an easier separation is possible by distillation.

Uploaded by

atif irshad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mass Transfer Operation-1

Distillation-1

Amit K. Thakur
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun
Phone/ WhatsApp:+918979778821

3/23/2020 1
Introduction
Understanding distillation ? Boiling point of ethanol = 78.5⁰C

Boiling point of water = 100⁰ C.

Ethanol is more volatile component (MVC)

Water is less volatile component (LVC)

3/23/2020 2
Introduction
Examples of Binary mixture (A+B) A is more volatile component (MVC)

B is less volatile component (LVC)


A B

3/23/2020 3
Understanding distillation

 Distillation is method of separation of components from a liquid mixture which


depends on the differences in boiling points of the individual components

 Distillation processes depends on the vapor pressure characteristics of liquid


mixtures

 The vapor pressure is created by supplying heat as separating agent

 Based on the relative volatility of a component in the mixture, the MVC is


separated from the LVC

3/23/2020 4
Concept of relative volatility

 Relative volatility is a measure of the differences in volatility between two


components, and hence their boiling points

 It indicates how easy or difficult a particular separation will be

For a binary mixture (A+B), the Raoult’s law can be written as,

yAP  x P sat
A A  pA  x P sat
A A

yB P  xB PBsat  pB  xB PBsat

3/23/2020 5
Concept of relative volatility

The relative volatility,  is defined as


AB
p y
sat A A
P x x
  A  A  A
AB P sat p y
B B B
x x
B B

Therefore,
y
A
x y (1  x )
  A  A A
AB 1 y x (1  y )
A A A
1 x
A
3/23/2020 6
Concept of relative volatility

 x
 yA  AB A
1  (  1) x
AB A
or ,
x
y
1  (  1) x

x
y
1  (  1) x
3/23/2020 7
Concept of relative volatility

 If the relative volatility between two components is equal to one, separation is


not possible by distillation

 The larger the value of 𝑨𝑩 , above 1.0, the greater the degree of separability,
i.e. the easier the separation

3/23/2020 8
Concept of relative volatility

3/23/2020 9

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