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Distillation - Session 4

The document discusses batch distillation. In batch distillation, a tank is charged with feed and heated, generating vapor that flows overhead and is condensed and collected. The composition of the distillate varies over time. The receiver can be emptied multiple times to collect products of different compositions, making batch distillation useful for small plants, varying feeds/products, and when cleaning is required frequently. Batch distillation is modeled as an unsteady state process, where vapor is assumed to be in equilibrium with the residual liquid at any given time.

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80 views8 pages

Distillation - Session 4

The document discusses batch distillation. In batch distillation, a tank is charged with feed and heated, generating vapor that flows overhead and is condensed and collected. The composition of the distillate varies over time. The receiver can be emptied multiple times to collect products of different compositions, making batch distillation useful for small plants, varying feeds/products, and when cleaning is required frequently. Batch distillation is modeled as an unsteady state process, where vapor is assumed to be in equilibrium with the residual liquid at any given time.

Uploaded by

atif irshad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mass Transfer Operation-1

Distillation- Session 4
Batch distillation

Amit K. Thakur
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun
Phone/ WhatsApp:+918979778821

3/31/2020 1
Batch Distillation/ Rayleigh distillation/Differential distillation

In batch distillation, a tank is


charged with feed and then heated
The vapor flows overhead, is
condensed and collected in the
receiver
Vapor collected is called distillate
and the liquid remaining in the
tank is called as the residue
Composition of distillate varies
with time

3/31/2020 2
Batch Distillation/ Rayleigh distillation/Differential distillation

The receiver can be emptied


several times to collect the
product of different composition

The process is inherently dynamic

Therefore, a batch distillation is


modeled at unsteady state

3/31/2020 3
Batch Distillation/ Rayleigh distillation/Differential distillation
Batch distillation is useful
• In small capacity plant

• When feed and product vary


widely and frequently (as in
specialty chemical production)

• Test run on new product


• When feed is a result of batch
processing
• When process required frequent
cleaning

3/31/2020 4
Batch Distillation/ Rayleigh distillation/Differential distillation
 Vapor is assumed to be in equilibrium
with the residual liquid
Let F = initial moles of liquid
originally in still
W = final moles of liquid
remained in still
xF = initial liquid composition
in still (mole fraction of A),
xW = final liquid composition in
still (mole fraction A)
3/31/2020 5
Batch Distillation/ Rayleigh distillation/Differential distillation
 Vapor is assumed to be in equilibrium
with the residual liquid
Let at any time t, the amount of liquid in the still is L, with
mole fraction of A in the liquid being x.

After a small differential time (t + dt), a small amount of


vapor dL is produced, and the composition of A in the vapor
is y (mole fraction).
The vapor is assumed to be in equilibrium with the residue
liquid
3/31/2020 6
Batch Distillation/ Rayleigh distillation/Differential distillation

The amount of liquid in the still is thus reduced from L to (L - dL), while the liquid
composition changed from x to (x - dx)

Material balance on A gives,


Initial amount in still = Amount left in still + Amount vaporized

3/31/2020 7
If,

3/31/2020 8

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