CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING
U & P U. Patel Department of Computer Engineering
Subject Name: Database Management System Semester : IVth
Subject Code: CE246 Academic Year : Dec-May
2018
Practical List
Instructions:
ISO Practical Format: Aim, Software/Hardware Required, Knowledge Required, Theory,
Algorithm/Flow chart, Program, Input and Output, Questions and Answers / Case Study.

Note: Following Practical(s) are to be implemented on Oracle, DB2, Microsoft, NoSql and
MongoDB

PRACTICAL 1: To study DDL-create and DML-insert commands.

(1) Describe deposit, branch.

describe branch16ce068;

describe deposit16ce068

(2) Describe borrow, customers.

describe customers16ce068;

describe borrow16ce068;

16CE068 Page 1
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(3) List all data from table DEPOSIT.

Select * from deposit16ce068

(4) List all data from table BORROW.

Select * from borrow16ce068

(5) List all data from table CUSTOMERS.

Select * from customers16ce068

(6) List all data from table BRANCH.

Select * from branch16ce068

(7) Give account no and amount of depositors.

Select actno,amount from deposit16ce068

16CE068 Page 2
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(8) Give name of depositors having amount greater than 4000.

select CNAME from deposit16ce068 where (amount>4000);

(9) Give name of customers who opened account after date '1-12-96'.
Select cname from deposit16ce068 where adate>’1-DEC-96’;

(10) Give name of city where branch karolbagh is located.

Select city from branch where bname=karolbagh;

(11) Give account no and amount of customer having account opened between date 1-12-96 and 1-6-96.
Select actno,amount from deposit16ce068 where adate<’1-DEC-95’ and adatw >’1-JUN-95’;

(12) Give names of depositors having account at VRCE.

Select cname from deposit16ce068 where bname=’VRCE’;

Conclusion: we learnt data insertion in sql language and retrival of it. Also seen different data types in
sql.

16CE068 Page 3
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PRACTICAL 2:

(1) Retrieve all data from employee, jobs and deposit.

select * from job;

select * from deposit;

select * from employee;

(2) Give details of account no. and deposited rupees of customers having account opened between dates
01-01-06 and 25-07-06.
select a_no,amount from deposit where a_date>'2006-01-01' AND a_date<'2006-07-25';

(3) Display all jobs with minimum salary is greater than 4000.
Select job_title from job where min_sal>4000;

(4)Display name and salary of employee whose department no is 20. Give alias name to name of
employee.

16CE068 Page 4
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

select emp_name ename,emp_sal from employee where dept_no=20;

(5)Display employee no,name and department details of those employee whose department lies in(10,20).
select emp_no,emp_name,dept_no from employee where dept_no in(10,20);

(6)Display the non-null values of employees.

select * from employee where emp_comm!='null';

(7)Display name of customer along with its account no( both column should be displayed as one )
whose amount is not equal to 8000 Rs.
select a_no as one,cname as one from deposit where amount!='8000';

(8)Display the content of job details with minimum salary either 2000 or 4000.
select job_id,job_title from job where min_sal='2000' OR min_sal='4000';

Conclusion: we have learnt ‘where’ keyword and,or,null,!=,=.

16CE068 Page 5
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

To study various options of LIKE predicate

(1) Display all employee whose name start with ‘A’ and third character is ‘ ‘a’.
select emp_name from employee where emp_name like 'A_a%';

(2) Display name, number and salary of those employees whose name is 5 characters long and first three
characters are ‘Ani’.
select emp_no,emp_name,emp_sal from employee where emp_name like 'ANI__';

(3) Display all information of employee whose second character of name is either ‘M’ or ‘N’.
select * from employee where emp_name like '_M%' OR emp_name like '_N%';

(4) Find the list of all customer name whose branch is in ‘andheri’ or ‘dadar’ or ‘virar’
select cname from deposit where bname='andheri' or bname='dadar' or bname='virar';

(5) Display the job name whose first three character in job id field is ‘FI_’.
select job_title from job where job_id like 'FI_%';

(6) Display the title/name of job whose last three character are ‘_MGR’ and there maximum salary is
greater than Rs 12000.
select job_title from job where job_id like '%MGR' AND max_sal>12000;

(7) Display the non-null values of employees and also employee name second character should be ‘n’ and
string should be 5 character long.
select * from employee where emp_comm!='null' AND emp_name like '_n___';

(8) Display the null values of employee and also employee name’s third character should be ‘a’.

16CE068 Page 6
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

select * from employee where emp_comm is NULL AND emp_name like '__a%';

(9) What will be output if you are giving LIKE predicate as ‘%\_%’ ESCAPE ‘\’
select * from job where job_id like '%\_%' ESCAPE '\' ;

Conclusion: we have learnt like predicate,%,_,ESCAPE.

16CE068 Page 7
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PRACTICAL 3

Aim: To Perform various data manipulation commands, aggregate functions and sorting
concept on all created tables.

(1) List total deposit from deposit.

select sum(amount) from deposit;

(2) List total loan from karolbagh branch

select sum(amount) from branch,borrow where branch.bname='karolbaugh';

(3) Give maximum loan from branch vrce.

select max(amount) from borrow where bname='VRCE';

(4) Count total number of customers

select count(cname) from customers;

(5) Count total number of customer’s cities.

select count(city) from customer;

(6) Create table supplier from employee with all the columns.

create table supplier as(select * from employee);

16CE068 Page 8
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(7) Create table sup1 from employee with first two columns.

create table sup1 as(select emp_no,emp_name from employee);

(8) Create table sup2 from employee with no data

create table sup2 as(select * from employee where emp_comm is null);

(9) Insert the data into sup2 from employee whose second character should be ‘n’ and string should be 5
characters long in employee name field.

insert into sup2 select * from employee where emp_name like '_n___';

(10) Delete all the rows from sup1.

truncate table sup1;

16CE068 Page 9
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(11) Delete the detail of supplier whose sup_no is 103.

delete from supplier where emp_no='103';

(12) Rename the table sup2.

rename sup2 to supplier2;

(13) Destroy table sup1 with all the data.

drop table sup1;

16CE068 Page 10
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(14) Update the value dept_no to 10 where second character of emp. name is ‘m’.

update employee set dept_no=10 where emp_name like '_m%';

(15) Update the value of employee name whose employee number is 103.

update employee set emp_name='adam' where emp_no=103;

(16) Add one column phone to employee with size of column is 10.

alter table employee add phone number(10);desc employee2;

(17) Modify the column emp_name to hold maximum of 30 characters.

16CE068 Page 11
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

alter table employee modify emp_name varchar(30);desc empolyee;

(18) Count the total no as well as distinct rows in dept_no column with a condition of salary greater than
1000 of employee

select count(dept_no) from employee2 where emp_sal>1000;select distinct(dept_no) from employee2

where emp_sal>1000;

(19) Display the detail of all employees in ascending order, descending order of their name and no.

select * from employee order by emp_name asc;select * from employee order by emp_no desc;

(20) Display the dept_no in ascending order and accordingly display emp_comm in descending order.

select * from employee order by dept_no asc,emp_comm desc;

(21) Update the value of emp_comm to 500 where dept_no is 20.

update employee set emp_comm=500 where dept_no=20;

16CE068 Page 12
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(22) Display the emp_comm in ascending order with null value first and accordingly sort employee
salary in descending order.
select * from employee order by emp_comm asc,emp_sal desc;

(23) Display the emp_comm in ascending order with null value last and accordingly sort emp_no in
descending order.
select * from employee order by emp_comm IS NULL,emp_comm asc , emp_no desc;

Conclusion: we have learnt sum,max,count,truncate,delete from,rename to,drop,update,alter add,alter

modify,distinct,orderby.

16CE068 Page 13
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PRACTICAL 4

Aim: To study Single-row functions.

(1) Write a query to display the current date. Label the column Date

SELECT TO_CHAR(sysdate,'Day, ddth Month, yyyy')"DATE" FROM dual;

(2) For each employee, display the employee number, job, salary, and salary increased by 15% and
expressed as a whole number. Label the column New Salary

select emp_no,(emp_sal+(emp_sal*0.15)) "New Salary" from employee;

(3) Modify your query no 4.(2) to add a column that subtracts the old salary from the new salary. Label
the column Increase

select emp_no,(emp_sal+(emp_sal*0.15)) "New Salary",((emp_sal+(emp_sal*0.15))-emp_sal)

"INCREASE" from employee;

(4) Write a query that displays the employee’s names with the first letter capitalized and all other letters
lowercase, and the length of the names, for all employees whose name starts with J, A, or M. Give each
column an appropriate label. Sort the results by the employees’ last names.

select emp_no,initcap(emp_name),emp_sal,emp_comm,dept_no,phone from employee where emp_name

like 'J%' or emp_name like 'A%' or emp_name like 'M%' order by emp_name ;

(5) Write a query that produces the following for each employee:
<employee last name> earns <salary> monthly

select concat(CONCAT (emp_name,' earns '),concat(emp_sal,' monthly ')) "information" from employee;

16CE068 Page 14
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(6) Display the name, hire date, number of months employed and day of the week on which the employee
has started. Order the results by the day of the week starting with Monday.

select emp_name,hire_date,round(datediff(sysdate(),hire_date)/30) "Month difference between current

date and hired_date",dayname(hire_date) from prac4no6 order by weekday(hire_date) asc;

(7) Display the hiredate of emp in a format that appears as Seventh of June 1994 12:00:00 AM.

select concat(date_format(hire_date,'%D')," of ",date_format(hire_date,'%M %Y %r')) from prac4no6;

(8) Write a query to calculate the annual compensation of all employees (sal+comm.).

select emp_name,emp_sal+emp_comm "compensation" from employee;

16CE068 Page 15
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Practical-5

Aim: Displaying data from Multiple Tables (join)

(1) Give details of customers ANIL.

select LOANNO,CNAME,BNAME,borrow.AMOUNT "LOAN

AMOUNT",customers.cname,city,a_no,bname,amount,a_date from borrow join customers on
borrow.cname=customers.cname join deposit on customers.cname=deposit.cname;

(2) Give name of customer who are borrowers and depositors and having living city Nagpur

(select a_no,loanno,borrow.cname,deposit.bname,deposit.amount "Deposit",borrow.amount

"Loan",a_date from borrow left join(deposit) on borrow.cname=deposit.cname left join(customers) on
borrow.cname=customers.cname where customers.city='NAGPUR');

(3) Give city as their city name of customers having same living branch.

select deposit.cname,deposit.bname,branch.city from deposit left join(branch) on

deposit.bname=branch.bname;

(4) Write a query to display the last name, department number, and department name for

all employees.

select employee.emp_name,employee.dept_no,jobwithdeptno.job_title "Job name" from employee left

join(job) on employee.dept_no=job.dept_no;

(5) Create a unique listing of all jobs that are in department 30. Include the location of the department in
the output

select employee.emp_name,employee.dept_no,job.job_title "Job name",location from employee left

join(job) on employee.dept_no=job.dept_no where employee.dept_no=30 and location='NEW YORK';

16CE068 Page 16
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(6) Write a query to display the employee name, department number, and department name for all
employees who work in NEW YORK.

select emp_name,job.dept_no,job_title from employee left join(job) on employee.dept_no=job.dept_no

where location='NEW YORK';

(7) Display the employee last name and employee number along with their manager’s last name and
manager number. Label the columns Employee, Emp#, Manager, and Mgr#, respectively.

select emp_name "employee",emp_no "emp id",manager.manager_name "Manager",manager_no "mgr

id" from employee left join(manager) on manager.dept_no=employee.dept_no;

(8) Create a query to display the name and hire date of any employee hired after employee SCOTT.

insert into employee values('108','Scott','1500','4000','20',NULL,'01-OCT-94');

select emp_name,hire_date from employee where hire_date>(select hire_date from employee where
emp_name='Scott');

Conclusion: learnt join,inner join,left join,right join,on,having keywords.

16CE068 Page 17
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PRACTICAL 6:

To apply the concept of Aggregating Data using Group functions.

(1) List total deposit of customer having account date after 1-jan-96.

select sum(amount) from deposit where A_DATE>'1-jan-96';

(2) List total deposit of customers living in city Nagpur.

select sum(amount) from (select customers.cname,customers.city,amount from customers inner join

deposit on deposit.cname=customers.cname) group by city having city='Nagpur';

(3) List maximum deposit of customers living in bombay.

select max(amount) from (select customers.cname,customers.city,amount from customers inner join

deposit on deposit.cname=customers.cname) group by city having city='bombay';

(4) Display the highest, lowest, sum, and average salary of all employees. Label the columns
Maximum, Minimum, Sum, and Average, respectively. Round your results to the nearest whole number.

select max(emp_sal) "Maximum",min(emp_sal) "Minimum",sum(emp_sal) "Sum", round(avg(emp_sal))

"Average" from employee;

(5) Write a query that displays the difference between the highest and lowest salaries. Label the column
DIFFERENCE.

select max(emp_sal)- min(emp_sal) "Difference" from employee;

16CE068 Page 18
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(6) Create a query that will display the total number of employees and, of that total, the number of
employees hired in 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998

select hire_date,count(emp_no) from employee group by hire_date having hire_date>'1-JAN-95' and

hire_date<'1-JAN-98';

(7) Find the average salaries for each department without displaying the respective department numbers.

select avg(emp_sal) from employee group by dept_no;

(8) Write a query to display the total salary being paid to each job title, within each department.

select job_title,sum((max_sal+min_sal)/2) from job group by job_title;

(9) Find the average salaries > 2000 for each department without displaying the respective department
numbers.

select avg(emp_sal) from employee group by dept_no having avg(emp_sal)>2000;

(10) Display the job and total salary for each job with a total salary amount exceeding 3000, in which
excludes president and sorts the list by the total salary.

select job_title, sum((max_sal+min_sal)/2) "total salary" from job group by job_title having job_title!
='president' and sum((max_sal+min_sal)/2)>3000;

(11) List the branches having sum of deposit more than 5000 and located in city bombay.

select bname from (select bname,customers.city,amount from customers left join deposit on
deposit.cname=customers.cname) group by bname having sum(amount)>3000 and city='bombay';

Conclusion: .learnt to combine two queries.

16CE068 Page 19
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PRACTICAL 7:

Aim: To solve queries using the concept of sub query.

1) Write a query to display the last name and hire date of any employee in the same
department as SCOTT. Exclude SCOTT
select emp_name,hire_date from employee left join job on employee.dept_no=job.dept_no where
emp_name!='Scott';

2) Give name of customers who are depositors having same branch city of mr. sunil.

select customers.cname from customers left join deposit on customers.cname=deposit.cname where

bname in (select bname from deposit where cname='SUNIL');

3) Give deposit details and loan details of customer in same city where pramod is living.

select * from deposit left join borrow on deposit.cname=borrow.cname where deposit.cname in (select
cname from customers where city =(select city from customers where cname='PRAMOD') );

4) Create a query to display the employee numbers and last names of all employees who earn more than
the average salary. Sort the results in ascending order of salary.

select emp_no,emp_name from employee where emp_sal>(select avg(emp_sal) from employee) order by
emp_sal asc;

16CE068 Page 20
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

5) Give names of depositors having same living city as mr. anil and having deposit amount greater than
2000

select * from deposit where cname in(select cname from customers where city in(select city from
customers where cname='ANIL')) and amount>2000;

6) Display the last name and salary of every employee who reports to ford.

select emp_name, emp_sal from employee where dept_no=(select dept_no from manager where
manager_name='ford');

7) Display the department number, name, and job for every employee in the Accounting department.

select employee.dept_no,emp_name,job_title,job_id from employee left join(job) on

employee.dept_no=job.dept_no where job.job_title like '%manager%';

8) List the name of branch having highest number of depositors.

SELECT bname, COUNT(bname) "count" FROM deposit WHERE ROWNUM <= 1 group by bname
order by count(bname) desc ;

9) Give the name of cities where in which the maximum numbers of branches are located.

select city,count(city) from branch WHERE ROWNUM <= 1 group by city order by count(city) desc ;

10) Give name of customers living in same city where maximum depositors are located.

select * from deposit where cname in(select cname from customers where city=(select city from
customers WHERE ROWNUM <= 1 group by city ));

Conclusion:learnt subquery in sql.

16CE068 Page 21
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PRACTICAL 8:

Aim: Manipulating Data

(1) Give 10% interest to all depositors.

update deposit set amount=1.1*amount;

(2) Give 10% interest to all depositors having branch vrce

update deposit set amount=1.1*amount where bname='VRCE';

(3) Give 10% interest to all depositors living in nagpur and having branch city bombay.

update deposit set amount=1.1*amount where cname in (select distinct deposit.cname from deposit left
join customers on deposit.cname=customers.cname left join(branch) on bname=branch.bname where
branch.city='BOMBAY' and customers.city='NAGPUR');

16CE068 Page 22
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(4) Write a query which changes the department number of all employees with empno 7788’s job to
employee 7844’current department number.

update employee set dept_no = (select dept_no from employee where emp_no = 7844) where
emp_no=7788;

(5) Transfer 10 Rs from account of anil to sunil if both are having same branch.

update deposit set amount=amount-10 where cname='ANIL' and bname = (select deposit.bname from
deposit where deposit.cname='SUNIL');

update deposit set amount=amount+10 where cname='SUNIL' and bname = (select deposit.bname from
deposit where deposit.cname='ANIL');

16CE068 Page 23
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(6) Give 100 Rs more to all depositors if they are maximum depositors in their respective branch.

update deposit set amount=amount+100 where amount in(select max(amount) from deposit group by
deposit.bname);

(7) Delete depositors of branches having number of customers between 1 to 3.

delete from deposit where bname in(select deposit.bname from deposit group by deposit.bname having
count(deposit.cname) between 1 and 3);

(8) Delete deposit of vijay.

delete from deposit where cname='VIJAY';

(9) Delete borrower of branches having average loan less than 1000.

16CE068 Page 24
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Delete from borrow where amount>1000;

Conclidion: learnt data manipulation and updating contents of table using update table set query

PRACTICAL 9:

16CE068 Page 25
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

To perform basic PL/SQL blocks

Write a PL-SQL block for checking weather a given year is a Leap year or not

declare
    nyear NUMBER(4,0);
V_REMAINDER1 NUMBER(5,2);
V_REMAINDER2 NUMBER(5,2);
V_REMAINDER3 NUMBER(5,2);

BEGIN
    nyear := 2004;
V_REMAINDER1 := MOD(nYear,4);
V_REMAINDER2 := MOD(nYear,100);
V_REMAINDER3 := MOD(nYear,400);
IF ((V_REMAINDER1 = 0 AND V_REMAINDER2 <> 0 ) OR V_REMAINDER3 = 0) THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(nYear || ' is a leap year');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (nYear || ' is not a leap year');
END IF;
end;

PRACTICAL 10

16CE068 Page 26
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

To perform the concept of loop

Find out whether given string is palindrome or not using For, While and Simple
Loop.
declare
st varchar(30);
st1 varchar(30);
st2 varchar(30);
total integer;
flag integer;
begin
    st :='malayalam';
flag := 0;
total :=length(st);
for var in 1..total loop
    st1:= SUBSTR (st, var, 1);
 dbms_output.put_line(st1); 
st2:= SUBSTR (st, total-var+1, 1);
 dbms_output.put_line(st2); 
if(st1<>st2) then
    flag:=1;
end if;
end loop;
 dbms_output.put_line(flag); 

if flag=1 then
 dbms_output.put_line('string is not palindrome'); 
else
    dbms_output.put_line('string is palindrome'); 
end if;
end;

PRACTICAL 11
To understand the concept of “select into” and “% type” attribute.

16CE068 Page 27
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Create an EMPLOYEES table that is a replica of the EMP table. Add a new column, STARS, of
VARCHAR2 data type and length of 50 to the EMPLOYEES table for storing asterisk (*).
Create a PL/SQL block that rewards an employee by appending an asterisk in the STARS column for
every Rs1000/- of the employee’s salary. For example, if the employee has a salary amount of Rs8000/-,
the string of asterisks should contain eight asterisks. If the employee has a salary amount of Rs12500/-,
the string of asterisks should contain 13 asterisks.
Update the STARS column for the employee with the string of asterisks.
DECLARE
EMPS_NO "EMPLOYEE".EMP_NO%TYPE;
EMPS_NAME "EMPLOYEE".EMP_NAME%TYPE;
EMPS_SAL "EMPLOYEE".EMP_SAL%TYPE;
EMPS_COMM "EMPLOYEE".EMP_COMM%TYPE;
DEPT_NO1 "EMPLOYEE".DEPT_NO%TYPE;
EMPS_STAR VARCHAR2(50);
i number;
BEGIN
for i in 101..108
loop
select NVL( ROUND (EMP_SAL/1000),0) INTO EMPS_SAL FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE EMP_NO=I
;
EMPS_STAR:=NULL;
FOR J IN 1..EMPS_SAL
LOOP
EMPS_STAR:=EMPS_STAR || '*' ;
END LOOP;
update employee set stars=emps_star where emp_no = i;
end loop;
END;

PRACTICAL 12
To perform the concept of cursor
a) Display all the information of EMP table using %ROWTYPE.
(b) Create a PL/SQL block that does the following:

16CE068 Page 28
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

In a PL/SQL block, retrieve the name, salary, and MANAGER ID of the employees working in the
particular department. Take Department Id from user.
If the salary of the employee is less than 1000 and if the manager ID is either 7902 or 7839, display the
message <<last_name>> Due for a raise. Otherwise, display the message <<last_name>> Not due for a
raise.
set serveroutput on;
declare
emp_no employee.emp_no%TYPE;
emp_name employee.emp_name%TYPE;
emp_sal employee.emp_sal%TYPE;
EMP_COMM employee.EMP_COMM%TYPE;
DEPT_NO employee.DEPT_NO%TYPE;
PHONE employee.PHONE%TYPE;
HIRE_DATE employee.HIRE_DATE%TYPE;
STARS employee.STARS%TYPE;

cursor c is select * from employee;

begin
open c;
loop
fetch c into emp_no,emp_name,emp_sal,emp_comm,dept_no,phone,hire_date,stars;
exit when c%NOTFOUND;
dbms_output.put_line(emp_no || ' ' || emp_name || ' ' || emp_sal || ' ' || emp_comm || ' ' || dept_no || ' ' || phone
|| ' ' || hire_date || ' ' || stars);
end loop;
end;

16CE068 Page 29
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PRACTICAL 13:
To perform the concept of trigger

16CE068 Page 30
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Write a PL/SQL block to update the salary where deptno is 10. Generate trigger that will store the
original record in other table before updation take place

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER a  
BEFORE DELETE OR INSERT OR UPDATE ON employee  
FOR EACH ROW  
WHEN (NEW.EMP_ID > 0)  
DECLARE  
sal_diff number;  
BEGIN  
sal_diff:= :new.salary - :old.salary;
dbms_output.put_line('salarydifference'||sal_diff);
END;  

PRACTICAL 14:
To perform the concept of function and procedure

16CE068 Page 31
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Write a PL/SQL block to update the salary of employee specified by empid. If record exist then update
the salary otherwise display appropriate message. Write a function as well as procedure for updating
salary.

DECLARE
A NUMBER;
SAL NUMBER;
EMPS_NO "EMPLOYEE".EMP_NO%TYPE;
EMPS_NAME "EMPLOYEE".EMP_NAME%TYPE;
EMPS_SAL "EMPLOYEE".EMP_SAL%TYPE;
EMPS_COMM "EMPLOYEE".EMP_COMM%TYPE;
DEPT_NO1 "EMPLOYEE".DEPT_NO%TYPE;
HIRE_DATE1 "EMPLOYEE".HIRE_DATE%TYPE;
STARZ "EMPLOYEE".STARS%TYPE;
CURSOR S_C IS SELECT EMP_NO,EMP_NAME,EMP_SAL,EMP_COMM,DEPT_NO,HIRE_DATE,STARS
FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE EMP_NO=&EMP_NO;
PROCEDURE SAL_C(SAL IN OUT NUMBER)
is 
BEGIN 
OPEN S_C;
FETCH S_C INTO EMPS_NO,EMPS_NAME,EMPS_SAL,EMPS_COMM,DEPT_NO1,HIRE_DATE1,STARZ;
IF S_C%FOUND THEN
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET EMP_SAL = SAL+EMPS_SAL WHERE EMPS_SAL=EMP_SAL;
SAL := SAL+EMPS_SAL;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SAL);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('WRONG CHOICE');
END IF;
CLOSE S_C;
END;
BEGIN
A:=5000;
SAL_C(A);
END;

CREATE OR REPLACE
FUNCTION "CheckidandUpdate" (id IN NUMBER, sal IN NUMBER)

16CE068 Page 32
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

RETURN NUMBER
AS
cursor c is SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE where EMP_NO = id;
abc c%rowtype;
ret NUMBER(1);
BEGIN
open c;
fetch c into abc;
IF c%notfound THEN
ret:=0;
ELSE
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET EMP_SAL=sal WHERE EMP_NO=id;
ret:=1;
END IF;
close c;
RETURN ret;
END;
DECLARE
retval NUMBER;
id NUMBER;
sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
id:=&Enter_id;
sal:=&Enter_sal_to_update;
retval := "CheckidandUpdate"(id, sal);
IF retval=1 THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Updated Succesfully');
ELSE
dbms_output.put_line('Record not found');
END IF;
END;

16CE068 Page 33
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

16CE068 Page 34
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PRACTICAL 15:
To perform the concept of exception handler
Write a PL/SQL block that will accept the employee code, amount and operation. Based on specified
operation amount is added or deducted from salary of said employee. Use user defined exception handler
for handling the exception.

DECLARE
EMPS_NO "EMPLOYEE".EMP_NO%TYPE;
EMPS_NAME "EMPLOYEE".EMP_NAME%TYPE;
EMPS_SAL "EMPLOYEE".EMP_SAL%TYPE;
EMPS_COMM "EMPLOYEE".EMP_COMM%TYPE;
DEPT_NO1 "EMPLOYEE".DEPT_NO%TYPE;
HIREDATE1 "EMPLOYEE".HIREDATE%TYPE;
STARZ "EMPLOYEE".STARS%TYPE;
CURSOR CAMOUNT IS SELECT
EMP_NO,EMP_NAME,EMP_SAL,EMP_COMM,DEPT_NO,HIRE_DATE,STARS FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE
EMP_NO=&EMP_NO;
AMOUNT NUMBER:=&AMOUNT;
CA NUMBER ;
EX_INVALID_TRANSACTION EXCEPTION;

BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('SELECT YOUR CHOICE');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('1... WITHROW');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('2... ADD');
CA:=&1_FOR_WITHDRAW____2_FOR_ADD;
OPEN CAMOUNT;
FETCH CAMOUNT INTO
EMPS_NO,EMPS_NAME,EMPS_SAL,EMPS_COMM,DEPT_NO1,HIRE_DATE1,STARZ;
CASE CA
WHEN 1 THEN
IF AMOUNT>EMPS_SAL THEN
RAISE EX_INVALID_TRANSACTION;
ELSE
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET EMP_SAL=EMPS_SAL-AMOUNT WHERE EMP_NO=EMPS_NO;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('UPDATED!!!' || AMOUNT || ' AMOUNT WITHDRAWED FROM SALARY');
END IF;
WHEN 2 THEN
IF CAMOUNT%NOTFOUND THEN
RAISE NO_DATA_FOUND;
ELSE
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET EMP_SAL=EMPS_SAL+AMOUNT WHERE EMP_NO=EMPS_NO;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('UPDATED!!!' || AMOUNT || ' AMOUNT ADDED INTO SALARY');
END IF;

ELSE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ONLY TWOCHOICE AVAILABLE');

END CASE;
EXCEPTION
WHEN EX_INVALID_TRANSACTION THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('TRANSECTION NOT ALLOWED !!! CHECK AGAIN YOUR DETAILS');
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('EMPLOYEE NOT SELECTED');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ERROR OCCUR');
END;

16CE068 Page 35
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

16CE068 Page 36
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PRACTICAL 16:
To perform the concept of package
Create and invoke a package that contains private and public constructs.

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE EMP_package AS

-- Adds a customer
PROCEDURE addCustomer(
EMPS_NO "EMPLOYEE".EMP_NO%TYPE,
EMPS_NAME "EMPLOYEE".EMP_NAME%TYPE,
EMPS_SAL "EMPLOYEE".EMP_SAL%TYPE,
EMPS_COMM "EMPLOYEE".EMP_COMM%TYPE,
DEPT_NO1 "EMPLOYEE".DEPT_NO%TYPE,
HIREDATE1 "EMPLOYEE".HIRE_DATE%TYPE,
STARZ "EMPLOYEE".STARS%TYPE);
-- Removes a customer
PROCEDURE delCustomer(EMPS_NO "EMPLOYEE".EMP_NO%TYPE);
--Lists all customers
PROCEDURE listCustomer;

END EMP_package;

16CE068 Page 37
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY EMP_package AS

PROCEDURE addCustomer(
EMPS_NO "EMPLOYEE".EMP_NO%TYPE,
EMPS_NAME "EMPLOYEE".EMP_NAME%TYPE,
EMPS_SAL "EMPLOYEE".EMP_SAL%TYPE,
EMPS_COMM "EMPLOYEE".EMP_COMM%TYPE,
DEPT_NO1 "EMPLOYEE".DEPT_NO%TYPE,
HIREDATE1 "EMPLOYEE".HIREDATE%TYPE,
STARZ "EMPLOYEE".STARS%TYPE)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE
(EMP_NO,EMP_NAME,EMP_SAL,EMP_COMM,DEPT_NO,HIREDATE,STARS)
VALUES(EMPS_NO,EMPS_NAME,EMPS_SAL,EMPS_COMM,DEPT_NO1,HIREDATE1,STARZ);
END addCustomer;

PROCEDURE delCustomer(EMPS_NO "EMPLOYEE".EMP_NO%TYPE) IS

BEGIN
DELETE FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE EMP_NO = EMPS_NO;
END delCustomer;

PROCEDURE listCustomer IS
CURSOR c_customers is
SELECT EMP_NAME FROM EMPLOYEE;
TYPE c_list is TABLE OF "EMPLOYEE".EMP_NAME%TYPE;
name_list c_list := c_list();
counter integer :=0;
BEGIN
FOR n IN c_customers LOOP
counter := counter +1;
name_list.extend;
name_list(counter) := n.EMP_NAME;
dbms_output.put_line('Customer(' ||counter|| ')'||name_list(counter));
END LOOP;
END listCustomer;

END EMP_package;

16CE068 Page 38
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DECLARE
EID "EMPLOYEE".EMP_NO%TYPE := 111;
BEGIN
EMP_package.addcustomer(110, 'Rajnish', 2500,5000,15,'09-04-15','***');
EMP_package.addcustomer(111, 'Subham', 3200,10000,10,'12-04-12', '***');
EMP_package.listcustomer;
EMP_package.delcustomer(EID);
EMP_package.listcustomer;
END;

16CE068 Page 39
 CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Practical 17:
To create, insert values in MongoDB.

Practical-17
Aim : To create, insert values in MongoDB
1.What is NoSQL Database? How does it work?
2.Types of NoSQL Database
3.Types: Key value Store, Column Store, Document database, Graph based Compare based on these parameters:
performance, Scalability, complexity, Flexibility
4.Why NoSQL and not to use SQL?
Snapshots of Create DB, Create Collection, Update, Delete, Select in MongoDB
Software : Mongodb
Knowledge Required
Knowledge of mongodb
How to use mongodb
Theory
1.What is NoSQL Database? How does it work?
•NoSQL encompasses a wide variety of different database technologies that were developed in response to the demands
presented in building modern applications:
•Developers are working with applications that create massive volumes of new, rapidly changing data types —
structured, semi-structured, unstructured and polymorphic data.
•Long gone is the twelve-to-eighteen month waterfall development cycle. Now small teams work in
agile sprints, iterating quickly and pushing code every week or two, some even multiple times every
day.
•Applications that once served a finite audience are now delivered as services that must be always-
on, accessible from many different devices and scaled globally to millions of users.
•Organizations are now turning to scale-out architectures using open source software, commodity
servers and cloud computing instead of large monolithic servers and storage infrastructure.
Relational databases were not designed to cope with the scale and agility challenges that face modern
applications, nor were they built to take advantage of the commodity storage and processing power available
today.
2.Types of NoSQL Database
There are four types of mongo db
1.Document databases
2.Graph
3.Key-value stores
4.Wide-column stores

16CE068 Page 40
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

3.Types: Key value Store, Column Store, Document database, Graph based Compare based on these parameters:
performance, Scalability, complexity, Flexibility
•Document databases pair each key with a complex data structure known as a document.
Documents can contain many different key-value pairs, or key-arraypairs, or even nested
documents.
•Graph stores are used to store information about networks of data, such as social connections.
Graph stores include Neo4J and Giraph.
•Key-value stores are the simplest NoSQL databases. Every single item in the database is stored as
an attribute name (or 'key'), together with its value. Examples of key-value stores are Riak and
Berkeley DB. Some key-valuestores, such as Redis, allow each value to have a type, such as 'integer',
which adds functionality.
•Wide-column stores such as Cassandra and HBase are optimized for queries over large datasets,
and store columns of data together, instead of rows.

4.Why NoSQL and not to use SQL?

SQL vs NoSQL: MySQL vs MongoDB
Now that we’ve established the key structural differences between SQL and NoSQL databases, let’s
delve into the key functional differences between the two, looking specifically at MySQL and
MongoDB as examples.
MySQL: The SQL Relational Database
The following are some MySQL benefits and strengths:
•Maturity: MySQL is an extremely established database, meaning that there’s a huge community,
extensive testing and quite a bit of stability.
•Compatibility: MySQL is available for all major platforms, including Linux, Windows, Mac, BSD and Solaris. It also has
connectors to languages like Node.js,
Ruby, C#, C++, Java, Perl, Python and PHP, meaning that it’s not limited to SQL query language.
•Cost-effective: The database is open source and free.
•Replicable: The MySQL database can be replicated across multiple nodes, meaning that the
workload can be reduced and the scalability and availability of the application can be increased.
•Sharding: While sharding cannot be done on most SQL databases, it can be done on MySQL servers. This is
both cost-effective and good for business.

MongoDB: The NoSQL Non-Relational Database

The following are some of MongoDB benefits and strengths:
•Dynamic schema: As mentioned, this gives you flexibility to change your data schema without
modifying any of your existing data.
•Scalability: MongoDB is horizontally scalable, which helps reduce the workload and scale your
business with ease.
•Manageability: The database doesn’t require a database administrator. Since it is fairly user-
friendly in this way, it can be used by both developers and administrators.
•Speed: It’s high-performing for simple queries.
•Flexibility: You can add new columns or fields on MongoDB without affecting existing rows or
application performance.

16CE068 Page 41
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Creating a database using “use” command

Creating a database in MongoDB is as simple as issuing the "using" command. The
following example shows how this can be done.

Creating a collection using insert()

The easiest way to create a collection is to insert a record (which is nothing but a
document consisting of Field names and Values) into a collection. If the collection
does not exist a new one will be created.

The following example shows how this can be done.

db.Employee.insert
(
{
"Employeeid" : 1,
"EmployeeName" : "Martin"
}
)

Adding documents using insert() command

MongoDB provides the insert () command to insert documents into a collection.
The following example shows how this can be done.

Step 1) Write the "insert" command

16CE068 Page 42
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Step 2) Within the "insert" command, add the required Field Name and Field Value
for the document which needs to be created.

16CE068 Page 43
CE246 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Practical 18:
To create, modify, delete, execute and recompile a stored procedure in SQL Server/ MySQL

16CE068 Page 44