Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering, 21-23 December 2016, CUET, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Islam, Imam, Ali, Hoque, Rahman and Haque (eds.)

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE MURADPUR TO

LALKHAN BAZAR FLYOVER BY LEOPOLD MATRIX & BATTELLE
METHOD
2 blank lines

M. R. H. Kauser*, M. M. Rahman, H. S. Alam, F. G. R. Lopa & M. S. G. Adnan

1 blank line
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology,
Chittagong, Bangladesh
*
Corresponding Author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
An efficacious transportation system is one of the pivotal prerequisites for the development of any sort
of fast growing city like Chittagong, which is the commercial capital of Bangladesh. To foster the
development as well as to ease the traffic congestion problem of this second largest city of Bangladesh,
the Chittagong development Authority (CDA) has taken the initiative to construct Muradpur to Lalkhan
Bazar Flyover. In this regard, the study focuses on the assessment of possible impact of the flyover on
environment in order to promote sustainable development. The study is based on primary data which
are analysed by using Leopold Matrix and Battelle Method to assess the possible impact of the
aforementioned flyover. The findings show that the project will have the negative impact on the
environment i.e., increased CO2, sound pollution, vibration, dust particles emission, traffic congestion
etc. during construction and to mitigate those impacts some measures are recommended.
1 blank line
Keywords: Environmental Impact Assessment; Leopold matrix; Battelle method
1 blank line
INTRODUCTION
The frequent improvement in city infrastructure and rapidly increasing vehicular traffic, the
infrastructure of road is severely affected. So, the vehicular speed is decreased significantly in the
various roads, while put its junctions in serious pressure (Wilbur Smith Association, 2010). Where
round about is not feasible due to space constraint than the construction of flyovers over congested
traffic roads is considered an effective way of ensuring smooth traffic flow and avoiding unnecessary
delays (Goyal et. all, 2008). The traffic congestion along the large circles such as GEC circle, 2 no gate,
Muradpur and WASA are facing sever traffic congestion. So, cutting this congestion the Chittagong
Development Authority (CDA) is built this Muradpur to Lalkhan bazar flyover (CDA, 2014).
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is done to assess the effects likely to arise from a major project
(like flyover, road construction) significantly affecting the environment. It will ensure the sustainable
development through sustainable form of development with several key issues (Glasson et al., 2005).
The study will examine the impact of the flyover on environment impact in order to promote sustainable
development with the help of Leopold matrix and Battelle method.

METHODOLOGY
The flyover project has several environmental impacts on its surrounding environment, society and
wildlife. To assess the range of impact participatory approach has been applied so that, the affected
groups can be easily identified. Further the causes and effect diagrams have been created using the
perception of the respondents using these diagrams the primary and secondary affected group has been
identified (Kumar, 2001). The Leopold matrix has been used to predict the impact on environment due
to project activities. The matrix constituted is two dimensional for cross referencing. The project
activities are kept in one axis and the environmental parameters were kept in another axis. The
environment and social conditions are divided in three major groups. These are physical, biological and
social environment. Physical environment are soil, water, air, noise and waste. Biological environment
are birds, forest, wetland habitat and nuisance plant and the social environment are streetscape,
employment, navigation, commercial facilities, service and utilities, industrial activities, land value,
landscape and occupational safety. Environmental impacts due to flyover construction from start to

106
Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering, 21-23 December 2016, CUET, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Islam, Imam, Ali, Hoque, Rahman and Haque (eds.)

finish, has been evaluated on project planning and design phase, construction phase and operation and
maintenance phase. To assess the environmental impact there three steps has been followed. The boxes
mark the corresponding boxes in the matrix with a diagonal line then the boxes with supposed
significant interactions are slashed, the author evaluates each box by applying a number from 1 to 10 (1
is the minimum and 10 the maximum) to register the magnitude of the impact. In the final step is to
calculate the real importance of the phenomenon. By this way the connection with the environment and
which particular elements are particularly significant has been evaluated. The data has been collected
through the questionnaire survey from the project spot and got them input on Microsoft excel for data
processing to calculate environmental quality for indicator ‘i’ with project and without project then
relative weight for the indicators has been calculated. The environmental impact unit values has been
further calculated by using The Batelle method where the environmental impacts is split in major three
categories. Which are Biological, Physio-chemical and Human interest (FAO, 2016)
m
EIU   (Vi )1Wi  (Vi ) 2 Wi (1)
i 1
Where,
(Vi)1 =environmental quality for indicator “i” in the project conditions
(Vi)2 =environmental quality for indicator “i” without the project
Wi =relative weight of the indicator “i”
m =total number of indicators

STUDY AREA

Fig. 1: Study Area Map

The flyover project named as Akhteruzzaman flyover which length is 3.5km and width is 17.5 meter
with four lanes. The length of the loop is 1.7km and width designed as 7.5m, two lanes. The proposed
construction cost has been declared as 15070.57 lakh taka founding partially by GOB, CDA. The
project construction starter on july 2010 and estimated to be finished was 2013. The construction work
has been seen ongoing process. According to the declaration of DOE, the project falls under Orange-B
category with having several negative impacts on environment.
1 blank line

107
Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering, 21-23 December 2016, CUET, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Islam, Imam, Ali, Hoque, Rahman and Haque (eds.)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Overall impact identification and prediction on environment

Fig. 2: Overall impact on environment by with project and without project

To assess Impact of the project, questionnaire survey has been conducted in study area. The survey data
has been compiled with the help of Leopold metrics and further got input on Microsoft excel software.
The value for with project and without project has been calculated by impact value metrics where
positive signs are used for positive impact and negative sign indicates negative impacts. The value of Vi
is achieved by summing up the impact values from the Leopold metrics. The value of Wi has been
gained by multiplying the values of Vi by its corresponding weights. The value of ViWi is further
plotted on the graph where two different ViWi value has been gained. One for with project and another
from without project. These were outputs from Leopold metrics and further used as the input in Battelle
method where the value of overall impacts is been found as negative (- 0.45333). This means that the
project has overall negative impact on environment.

EIU=4.333-4.786667= -0.45333

On observing overall impact on environment due to project implementation the soil erosion has been
increased, air quality degraded, more storm water entered into the drainage system, caused several
disturbances on existing urban settlements, temperature has been increased, bird’s habitat has been
destroyed, public health also deteriorated due to project construction. When construction has been
finished, employment and income enhancement in social services, aesthetical values and land value has
been increased.

Causes and effect diagrams

On the way of construction of flyover, air pollution has been raised up due to several project activities.
Burning of fossil soils, more carbondioxide and emission of sulfur dioxide, household cleaning etc has
been working as the source of air pollution which causing the significant effect on vegetation growth,
human health and wild life on the hills where human health causing short term and long term effects by
causing several diseases on human body such as heart attacks, respiratory heart problem, asthma,
pneumonia etc.

108
Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering, 21-23 December 2016, CUET, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Islam, Imam, Ali, Hoque, Rahman and Haque (eds.)

Fig. 3: Cause effect diagram of Air Pollution

Another significant environmental pollution has been raised up known as noise pollution. For several
construction activities, transportation, social events, household chores etc are worked as the source of
noise pollution which created the effect on human health and wildlife by causing hearing problem,
sleeping disturbances, blood pressure level, psychological problem, trouble communication etc.

Fig. 4: Cause effect diagram of Noise Pollution

While implementing the project there are several changes in environment has been observed which
causes are Lack of solid waste management can cause atmospheric pollution, lack of sanitation facilities
creates different types of diseases which is harmful for human health, limited aware ness of
environmental issues are responsible for atmosphere pollution, earth cutting & filling, uncontrolled
discharge of polluting effluents of surface water and cutting down trees can formulate atmosphere
pollution which causing the several types of effects on environment which are, increased health risk,
decrease quality of human life, pollution increases chemical particles to air and Water pollution can
be divided into two types such as drinking and low quality of irrigation water.

109
Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering, 21-23 December 2016, CUET, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Islam, Imam, Ali, Hoque, Rahman and Haque (eds.)

Fig. 5: Cause effect diagram on change in environment

1 blank line
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Environmental management is an essential tool in relation to environmental management as it provides
the basic information for rational management decisions. The provided information on the actual nature
and extent of key impacts and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures which, through a feedback
mechanism, can be taken into account in the planning and execution of similar projects in future.

Table 1: Environmental monitoring Plan during operation and maintenance period

Impact Means of Monitoring Frequency of Location Implementing party
Monitoring
Accident Ensuring traffic sings, Annually On And below road of Supervisor: RHD,
road mark, bump, zebra the flyover Reviewer:
mark, guard rail and Consultant, PAPs,
pole, and curb stones Performer:
etc. to be properly Contractor

Air Pollution Measurement of SPM, Monthly On And below road of Supervisor: RHD,
NOx, SO2, CO the flyover Reviewer:
Consultant, PAPs,
Performer:
Contractor
Noise Measurement of noise Quarterly On And below road of Supervisor: RHD,
Pollution dB(A) the flyover Reviewer:
Consultant, PAPs,
Waste Minimize volume to Daily On And below road of Supervisor: RHD,
Disposal use silt basin before the flyover Reviewer:
disposing CCC, Consultant,
PAPs,
1 blank line
CONCLUSIONS
There is no alternative to reduce traffic jam of the Chittagong city this flyover is become the first
priority. It will reduce traffic jam of GEC circle, 2 no gate, Muradpur and WASA circle. Although, this
project has some negative impact on its surrounding environment. Finally, this flyover project
categorize into red category. So, the report guides those procedures of project activities so that there is
least amount of negative impact on environment which reduce economic loss so as to ensure sustainable
development. There also respective authorities assigned with schedule and responsibilities to take
action to mitigate the negative impacts of the project. This management measures which comes from
feedback, can be taken into account in the planning and execution of similar projects in future.

110
Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering, 21-23 December 2016, CUET, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Islam, Imam, Ali, Hoque, Rahman and Haque (eds.)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
At first all praises belong to Almighty Allah, the most Merciful, very kind to man and his action. We
would like to express our gratitude to our parents and other family members from the core of our heart
for their love. This dissertation is done as a departmental project work of Environmental Planning and
Management Studio. We want to specially thank to all of our friends for helpful and provide encourage
to accomplish the dissertation. There is no word to express our profound gratitude and indebtedness to
our teacher of Dept. of URP, CUET for their valuable advice, comments, sympathetic co-operation and
systematic guidance at all stages of this field work & this report. Finally, our special appreciation goes
to all the dwellers of the Chittagong city for their response and co-operation provided during the survey
work.
1 blank line
REFERENCES
CDA. 2014. Chittagong Development Authority. Renaissance Forum. [Online]. Available at:
http://portal.cda.gov.bd/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=436:2012-06-17-07-36-22
&catid=59:2010-09-02-09-35-55&Itemid=134 [Accessed 1 June 2016].
FAO. 2016. Environmental impact assessment and environmental auditing in the pulp and paper
industry. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/v9933e/v9933e02.htm [Accessed 1 June 2016]
Glasson, J; Therivel, R and Chadwick, A. 2005. Introduction to environmental impact assessment.
Third ed. London: Routledge.
Goyal, S, Goel, S and Tamhane, S. 2008. Assessment of environmental benefits of flyover construction
over signalized junctions: a case study. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 148(1-4), 397-408.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0170-4
Kumar, S. 2001. Methods for community participation a complete guideline for practitioners. Vistaar
Publications. New Delhi
Wilbur Smith Association. 2010. Initial environmental examination DPR for Flyover at Mohan Nagar
Junction. Asian Development Bank.

111