Guidelines No. 3 Sewage Treatment System Book

Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.
3 i
ii Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3
TECHNICAL SPAN TS 1401:2010
SPECIFICATION
SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM

Part 1: Prefabricated Tanks - Packaged
Plants
Technical Standards and Compliance Division

Sewerage Regulatory Department
No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, stored in a
retrieval system, or reduced to any electronic medium without the written authority of
National Water Services Commission.
National Water Services Commission and Registered Certifying Agencies employees

are permitted to copy and use the information in this publication, for internal
purposes only.
Changes may be made periodically to the information herein.
First Edition
October 2010
Published by
Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara

(National Water Services Commission)
Prima Avebue 7, Block 3510
Jalan Teknokrat 6
63000 Cyberjaya Selangor
Malaysia
iv Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3

Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3 v
vi Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3
SPAN TS 1401:2010
COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION
Members of System, Product, Material and Research & Development Committee of

National Water Services Commission (SPAN):
Y. Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Syed Muhammad Shahbudin (Chairman) SPAN

Y. Bhg. Dato’ Prof Ir.Dr. Zaini Ujang (Deputy Chairman) SPAN
Y. Bhg. Dato’ Teo Yen Hua SPAN
Ir. Lee Koon Yew SPAN
Mr. Mohd. Ridhuan bin Ismail SPAN
Mr. Marzuki bin Mohammad SPAN
Ms. Punita Nook Naidu SPAN
Ms. Siti Nurshima binti Mohd. Soffe SPAN
Ms. Nurhayati Azian binti Haji Noh SPAN
Mr. Shariful Sharizan bin Anuari SPAN
Ir. Nasir bin Abdul Hamed PWD
Mr. Wan Kamal bin Wan Embung PWD
Mr. Samsuddin bin Ismail MOSTI
Mr. Razman bin Abdul Rashid JBA
Ms. Noor Hidayah binti Sanusi JPP
Mr. Othman bin Abdullah JPP
Mr. Roslan bin Alias DSM
Members of Technical Working Group on Technical Specification for Sewage

Treatment Systems, Part 1: Prefabricated Tanks - Packaged Plants:
Mr. Ahmad Rozian bin Othman JPP/SPAN

Mr. Iwan Nazri bin Mohd. Nordin SPAN
Ms. Jamaiatul-Lailah binti Mohd. Jais SPAN
Ms. Sumaiyah binti Hassan Basri JPP
Ir. Abd. Rashid bin Abd. Rahman IWK
Ir. Khor Bee Chin IWK
Ms. Ho Yoke Ping IWK
Ms. Wan Norisah binti Wan Awang SIRIM Berhad
Ir. Cho Hock Tin AECCOM
Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3 vii

SPAN TS 1401:2010
CONTENTS
Page
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 2
3 Terms and definitions 2
4 Declaration of information 5
4.1 Nominal designation 5
4.2 Operation and maintenance instruction 5
5 Requirements 5
5.1 General 5
5.2 Endorsement 6
5.3 Packaged and site assembled components of packaged plants 6
5.4 Serviceable life span 7
5.5 Design 7
5.5.1 Arrangement of tank 7
5.5.2 Flow splitting and distribution 7
5.6 Operational performance 8
5.6.1 Process 8
5.6.2 Hydraulic 9
5.6.3 Civil and structure 9
5.7 Prefabricated tank 12
5.7.1 Design basis 12
5.7.2 Integrity 12
5.7.3 Hydrostatic uplift 13
5.7.4 Lifting system loading 13
5.7.5 Integrity during handling or installation 13
5.7.6 Structural strength 13
5.7.7 Watertightness 15
viii Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3

SPAN TS 1401:2010
5.7.8 Compartmentalization 15
5.7.9 Joints 16
5.7.10 Impact resistance 16
5.7.11 Mechanical characteristics 17
5.8 Construction and physical properties 17
5.8.1 Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) 17
5.8.2 Polyethylene (PE) 19
6 Marking and labelling 20

6.1 Permanence and visibility 20
6.2 Prefabricated tank 21
6.3 Inspection cover 21
7 Code and model 22
8 Performance criteria 23
8.1 Unit process 23
8.1.1 Effluent weir 23
8.1.2 Sludge treatment 23
8.2 Piping system 23
8.2.1 General 23
8.2.2 Inlet and outlet pipe 24
8.2.3 Air pipe 25
8.2.4 Sludge transfer pipe 25
8.2.5 Effluent pipe 25
8.3 Pumping system 26
8.3.1 Pump 26
8.3.2 Duck foot, transfer pipe and guide rail 26
8.4 Air lift system 26
8.5 Diffuser 27
8.6 Valve 27
8.7 Inspection opening and cover 27
8.8 Flow distribution chamber 29
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Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3 ix

SPAN TS 1401:2010
8.9 Lifting device 29

8.10 Control and instrumentation 30
9 Delivery and installation 30
10 Evaluation of conformity 30
10.1 General 30
10.2 Initial type tests 31
10.3 Factory production control 31
10.3.1 General 31
10.3.2 Raw materials and components 31
10.3.3 Production process 31
10.3.4 Finished product testing 32
10.3.5 Stock control 32
10.4 Treatment efficiency testing 32
10.5 Conditions of testing 33
10.5.1 General 33
10.5.2 Prefabricated tank 33
10.5.3 Treatment efficiency 34
10.5.4 Test record 34
Annexes
A Normative reference 39
B Determination of resistance to external pressure 41
C Determination of resistance to external load 44
D Determination of resistance to top load 45
E Determination of watertightness 47
F Determination of the resistance of a partition wall to a hydrostatic head 49
G Determination of the installation of fittings in a sound structure and watertight
manner 50
H Determination of impact resistance for glass fiber reinforced plastic (FRP)
prefabricated tank 51
J Determination of dimensions 52
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SPAN TS 1401:2010
Figures
5.1 Scope of biological treatment system for packaged plants 6

5.2 Typical concepts of flow splitting and distribution 8
5.3 Definition for parameters of loads 12
6.1 Typical marking and labelling for inspection cover 22
8.1 Typical pipe support and bracket 24
8.2 Typical inspection cover 28
B.1 Scheme of the principle for the pit test 43
E.1 Height for filling 48
Table
5.1 Minimum serviceable life span for packaged plant components 7

5.2 Durability criteria of FRP tank at 27ºC ± 5ºC 19
5.3 Durability criteria of PE tank at 27ºC ± 5ºC 20
7.1 Range of model for packaged plants 22
8.1 Performance criteria for inspection cover 29
10.1 Requirements for initial type test 35
10.2 Requirement for on-going test 36
10.3 Core parameters for treatment efficiency testing 37
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Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3 xi

SPAN TS 1401:2010
1 Scope
This Specification enumerates operational performance requirements, performance

criteria, test methods, marking and evaluation of conformity for packaged sewage
treatment plants made of prefabricated tanks using Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastics
(FRP) and Polyethylene (PE) (hereafter called packaged plants) used for population
equivalents between 150 and 5000. Packaged plants according to this Specification
are used for treatment of raw sewage generated from domestic activities.
The subjects in Specification deal with features such as functional design, material,
construction, installation and testing as means of compliance with overall
requirements of the plants. The focus is on prefabricated components and
operational systems of the plants comprising piping, aeration, pumping, flow
distribution, control and other ancillaries.
This Specification applies to packaged plants where all prefabricated components

are off site assembled in the factory by one supplier or manufacturer and tested as a
whole for tanks made of FRP and PE.
The test methods specified establish the performance of packaged plants at the
condition of which plants are normally installed for use whereby it is buried in the
ground with no vehicles loads are applied to the product. The testing is also to
ascertain if the prefabricated tanks achieve the effective operational performance,
reliability and durability under normal operating conditions along its serviceable life
span.
This Specification does not consider the design of treatment process, mechanical
and electrical components and control and instrumentation needs. All these
components shall be designed to the best engineering practice in compliance with
the Guidelines and Standards recognised by the Commission, by-laws, regulations
and other regulatory agencies’ requirements relevant to the aspects.
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SPAN TS 1401:2010
2 Normative references
The documents and publications that are requisite for the application of this
Specification are listed in Annex A. For dated references, only the edition cited
applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Specification, the terms and definitions given in MS 1228,
EN 1085:2007 and the following apply:
3.1 anchorage
device or technique for holding the tank in the ground against hydrostatic uplift
pressure
3.2 assembly
component or equipment that can be removed and replaced as a whole
Note Example of an assembly is a pump, an air blower, a diffuser etc
3.3 desludging
removal of accumulated sludge from sludge holding tank
3.4 extension shaft

component(s) or structure used to bring the inspection opening and cover to finished
ground level or slightly above the ground surface
Note Extension shaft permits maintenance work and observation
3.5 equipment
any component which is installed in, mounted on, attached to, or operated on
structures in the performance of their intended function
Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3 2

SPAN TS 1401:2010
3.6 factor α
Ratio of the initial deformation of material under load and the deformation under the
same constant load, extrapolated to a given period
3.7 factor β
Ratio between the beam stiffness after storage in water of 50°C for 1000 hours and
the initial beam stiffness determined in dry condition at 23 °C after post-curing of the
sample
3.8 inspection opening

opening in top surface of prefabricated tank fitted with a cover to allow access for
visual inspection of interior and contents of the tank, maintenance work, but not
intended for man entry
3.9 initial type test

an examination which confirms the required technical utility properties and usability,
performed before launching the product on the market and for usage
3.10 laboratory
body capable of testing a domestic sewage treatment plants under controlled
conditions
3.11 laminate
for glass fibre manufacturing, the layer or layers of reinforcement impregnated with
polyester or other resin forming a thick structural membrane, excluding the gel-coat
3.12 lateral load

load applied sideways onto a buried tank due to the combined effects of soil, water
and traffic
3.13 operational performance

functions that a system has to perform in order to operate as defined

SPAN TS 1401:2010
3.14 packaged plant

prefabricated factory-built tanks and components of sewage treatment installation
assembled off site by one supplier or manufacturer, which accepts domestic sewage
and treats it to a declared quality
3.15 partition wall

internal wall within a prefabricated tank
3.16 performance criteria

qualitative or quantitative description of the operational performance
3.17 production batch

clearly identifiable collection of units, manufactured consecutively or continuously
under the same conditions, using material to the same specification
3.18 range
group of products in which, for the purpose of evaluation, the selected property(s)
is/are similar for all products within the group
Note The definition of range takes into account at least similar shape, equipment, materials and
conditions of use and ensures the minimum level of performance (hydraulic efficiency and structural
behaviour) for all the products in the range
3.19 sample
one or more units of product drawn from a batch, selected at random without regard
to quality, the number of units of product in the sample being the sample size
3.20 serviceable life span

period of time in which under normal conditions and with routine maintenance, the
packaged plants and associated fittings and equipment perform satisfactorily without
failure
Note Serviceable life span is different from both the warranty time and average service life of use,
as used for cost efficiency calculations

SPAN TS 1401:2010
3.21 structure
any construction and its components built for the accommodation of equipment
3.22 unit process

any structure including any related equipment which is used as a process stage and
which can be isolated from other parallel, upstream or downstream structures
Note Examples for a unit are a screen chamber, an aeration tank, a clarifier, a sludge holding tank.
4 Declaration of information
4.1 Nominal designation
The nominal influent parameters expressed in milligram per litre (mg/l) and the
nominal hydraulic daily flow for both average and peak values expressed in cubic
metres per day (m3/day) shall be declared for each model of packaged plants.
4.2 Operation and maintenance instruction
The supplier shall provide, with each installation of packaged plants, clear and
comprehensive operation and maintenance instructions including declaration for
desludging frequency.
5 Requirements
5.1 General
The requirements in this Specification shall be in addition to those specified in

Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guidelines (MSIG).

SPAN TS 1401:2010
5.2 Endorsement
Calculations, engineering design and drawings for prefabricated tanks and

components of the packaged plants shall be duly endorsed by qualified person
appointed by the supplier or manufacturer covering process, structural and
operational behaviour of the components.
The entire packaged plant inclusive of inlet works, outlet works, treatment system,
process and structural components as well as ensuring installation and construction
at site conformance to the design intent and any rules prescribed must be validated
and endorsed by the Professional Engineers.
5.3 Packaged and site assembled components of packaged plants
Biological treatment system in which the scope extends 300 mm from inlet pipe of
first prefabricated tank or chamber to 300 mm from outlet pipe of final prefabricated
tank or chamber as shown in Figure 5.1 shall be packaged in terms of treatment
process with the dimensions of each prefabricated tank fixed.
Inlet SHT1
Works
DC CL
AET1 AT1
1
BT
AET2 AT2 CL
2 Outlet
Works
Blower
SHT2
House
300 300
Legend:
Scope SHT Sludge holding tank CL Clarifier
BT Balancing tank AET Aeration tank
DC Distribution chamber AT Anoxic tank
Note: This layout is an indicative view of a typical packaged plant arrangement for reference
Figure 5.1 Scope of biological treatment system for packaged plants

SPAN TS 1401:2010
Site conditions for the installation must be taken into consideration for the layout and
arrangement of site assembled components of packaged plants, comprising tanks
and systems of piping, pumping, aeration and air lift together with the size, type and
number of mechanical equipment, electrical, control and instrumentation equipped in
the treatment system.
5.4 Serviceable life span
The minimum serviceable life span against defects, deterioration and total failure of
the components for packaged plants shall be as Table 5.1 below.
Table 5.1 Minimum serviceable life span for packaged plant components
Component Standards Serviceable life span

EN 12566-3, EN 976-1, EN
Prefabricated FRP tank
978 > 50 years
Prefabricated PE tank EN 12566-3, EN ISO 9967
Other structures BS 8110-1 > 50 years
Mechanical and electrical BS EN 12255-1 10 years
Control and instrumentation BS EN 12255-12 10 years
Corrosion resistance coating BS EN ISO 12944-1 to 8 10 years
5.5 Design
5.5.1 Arrangement of tank
Provided that it is proven in both process and hydraulic design, the prefabricated
tanks arranged in series to meet the loading requirements of one unit process tank
can be considered as one tank.
5.5.2 Flow splitting and distribution
When the process line in packaged plants involve splitting the flow to multiple lines
or parallel units, the incoming flow shall be distributed by an adjustable distribution

SPAN TS 1401:2010
device (e.g. valve, gate, stop-log) that can also be used to isolate each treatment
unit. This device shall provide the required flow distribution over the range of flow
rates considered. The concept is as typically shown in Figure 5.2.
CL CL
CL AET1
1 3
1
AET
CL CL
CL AET2
2 4
2
Stop
log
Stop
log
Figure 5.2 Typical concepts of flow splitting and distribution
5.6 Operational performance
5.6.1 Process
The packaged plants shall demonstrate compliance with sewage treatment efficiency
performances in accordance with Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guideline (MSIG)
and Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations 2009, Environmental Quality Act,
1974. It shall also be capable:
a. to encourage and provide sufficient amount of mixed liquor suspended growth

(MLSS) in the treatment system;
b. to provide minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 2 mg/l to prevent oxygen
diffusion limitation from hindering substrate removal by the microorganism;
c. to provide sufficient mixing to keep the sludge in suspension without causing any
settlement of sludge in any part of the unit process tanks which require mixing;

SPAN TS 1401:2010
d. to provide good quality of sludge with normal settling characteristics indicated by

sludge volume index (SVI30) and sludge settled volume (SSV30) of the respective
treatment system adopted;
e. to avoid likelihood of blockage in sewage and sludge transfer system within the
boundary of packaged plants during its serviceable life span.
5.6.2 Hydraulic
The hydraulics of equipment, internal pipe work and connections shall ensure no
back-flow, blockage or surcharging occur during normal operation. The hydraulic
design of packaged plants shall allow entry of sewage with minimum of disturbance
to surface layers by maintaining consistent hydraulic flow and pattern throughout the
treatment system without causing any increment in surface loading and velocity.
5.6.3 Civil and structure
5.6.3.1 General
Civil and structural components of the packaged plants shall be designed by a

Qualified Professional Engineer. The design shall be based on appropriate
calculations, design methodologies and relevant standards to best engineering
practice. The structures and construction of packaged plants shall be:
a. stable, able to bear and resist all loads and stresses resulting from handling,
installation, construction and use, including operation and maintenance
throughout their serviceable life span. These shall take into account of water
pressures, static and dynamic forces being induced by equipment and
desludging,
b. able to prevent likelihood of damage from superimposed loads or normal ground
movement;
c. resistant against corrosion, chemical and biological attack from wastewater,
sludge, air and gas components and against temperature changes as
appropriate;

SPAN TS 1401:2010
d. durable, watertight and able to retain structural integrity including alignment,

orientation, levelling and function properly with normal maintenance over their
serviceable life span.
5.6.3.2 Design basis
Packaged plants and their foundation shall be designed to achieve the required
serviceable life span and long term structural integrity and shall meet the worst-case
conditions not limiting to:
a. when the prefabricated tanks are fully emptied; and

b. during high groundwater conditions.
The structural design of packaged plants shall consider all factors that can affect
particularly the strength and integrity of prefabricated tanks such as soil conditions
and area of installation to ensure the entire structure of tanks and its associated
components are integrally sound.
5.6.3.3 Foundation work
Foundation works for the installation of major and auxiliary components for packaged
plants shall be designed and constructed so that components such as inspection
chambers shall be secured to avoid disruption to the operation and maintenance
works and process of the system. The foundation shall be able to prevent the
possibility of sludge settlement, differential settlement between structures on top of
between structures and equipment such as pipeline.
5.6.3.4 Backfill material
The backfill material for packaged plants shall be of particle size and grading that
allows the specified relative compaction to be achieved with the intended compaction
methods. The material shall not contain organic material which will affect backfill
material performance and free of materials that are physically and chemically
harmful to prefabricated tanks. The support and overlay material shall be placed in
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SPAN TS 1401:2010
layers of appropriate thickness for the method of compaction used to achieve the
relative compaction or soil modulus.
5.6.3.5 Anchorage
The anchor system consisting of straps, cables, turnbuckles and anchor hooks shall
have strength of at least 1.5 times of maximum uplift force of an empty tank without
backfill in place. All the anchor system components shall be made of Grade 304
stainless steel complying with ASTM A240/ A240M. The anchorage design shall
comply with BS 7777.
Details shall be provided by prefabricated tanks manufacturer with the installation

instructions, which shall show the recommended relationship between levels in the
tank, groundwater levels surrounding the tank, and anchorage requirements.
5.6.3.6 Retaining wall
The retaining wall shall be designed and checked by taking into account all possible
factors involved contributing to the lateral earth pressure. The wall components shall
also be capable of meeting serviceability requirements at site condition.
5.6.3.7 Load bearing capacity
The load bearing capacity for fully equipped packaged plants shall be determined
through both appropriate tests and calculations made to prove the structural
adequacy. For calculations, loads at the maximum installed depth shall be taken into
account including consideration of the following loads:
a. Backfill load – the load that shall take into account effect of ground conditions,
backfill materials and tank shape factor.
b. Hydrostatic loads – where the highest level of groundwater table is above bottom
of the tank, stability conditions of the plants in relation to water pressure shall be
taken into account.
c. Pedestrian loads – when the depth of cover is more than 1000 mm, pedestrian
loading is assumed to be negligible against other action.
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SPAN TS 1401:2010
5.7 Prefabricated tank
5.7.1 Design basis
All prefabricated tanks shall be structurally designed to withstand the maximum earth
load equivalent to an overburden depth of 1000 mm at maximum depth of cover of
1000 mm. Figure 5.3 illustrated definition of parameters that shall be considered to
determine the structural strength of the tanks.
GL
h H total depth of the plants
HW height of exterior water level

Inlet TWL (groundwater)
Outlet
H K coefficient of horizontal soil
pressure
h depth of cover from the top of

the tank to ground level
HW
Figure 5.3 Definition for parameters of loads
The prefabricated tanks shall be capable of withstanding loads imposed on its roof
and walls i.e. top and lateral loads during and after installation. Account shall be
taken of any load imposed on tank structure as a result of the technique used to
anchor the tanks in the ground. The resistance to transport and installation loads
shall also be considered in the structural design of the tanks.
The construction and installation of prefabricated tanks shall resist hydrostatic uplift
pressures i.e. uplift loads from groundwater and be protected against floatation in
areas of high water table level or when the tank is emptied. The bottom of an
excavation for prefabricated tanks shall provide a uniform base to support the tanks
in a level position.
5.7.2 Integrity
The integrity of prefabricated tanks shall be such that no full penetration crack of a
width greater than 0.1 mm shall be developed during any stage of production.
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SPAN TS 1401:2010
Further widening or lengthening of any crack shall not occur during subsequent
handling, installation or use.
5.7.3 Hydrostatic uplift
An installed prefabricated tanks shall not move when subjected to uplift forces
generated by surrounding groundwater or be stressed to such an extent that cracks
in excess of those permitted in section 5.7.2 is developed.
5.7.4 Lifting system loading
The lifting system of prefabricated tanks shall comply with at least one of the
following requirements:
a. When submitted for 6 minutes to a vertical force equal to five (5) times the weight
of the tank, breaking shall not occur.
b. When lifted using the manufacturer's nominated lifting method, there shall be no
structural failure or visible cracking after being lifted and remained in lifted
position for one hour.
5.7.5 Integrity during handling or installation
There shall be no structural failure when the tank is lifted, or is moved during
installation. Any cracking shall be limited to that permitted by 5.7.2.
5.7.6 Structural strength
5.7.6.1 General
The structural strength of prefabricated tanks shall be determined by crushing

resistance or maximum load deformation by at least one of test methods specified
herein.
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SPAN TS 1401:2010
5.7.6.2 External hydrostatic pressure test
With the structural design as specified in 5.7.1, there shall be no damage, structural
failure, undue distortion, leakage or in surface cracking in excess of that permitted by
5.7.2 due to external hydrostatic groundwater and soil loading of 18 kPa/m depth
acting on an empty tank.
Prefabricated tanks shall comply with at least one of the following requirements
when tested according to the methods described in Annex B.
a. Hydraulic test
When tested according to B3.1 in Annex B, there shall be no leaks affecting
integrity of the tank and there shall be no deflection in the tank exceeding
reference value in the test.
b. Pit test
When tested according to B3.2 in Annex B, the tank shall not leak, fail or has
permanent damage of other means after holding superimposed hydrostatic
pressure during the testing duration.
5.7.6.3 Vacuum test
As an alternative for FRP prefabricated tanks, vacuum test can be carried out to test
external earth and hydrostatic pressure for the purpose of monitoring in the plants
quality control. For vacuum test defined in Annex C, there shall be no damaged and
no visual deterioration internally or externally following the test. Tank shall also
withstand the vacuum pressure selected without rupture.
5.7.6.4 Top loading test
As an alternative test for PE prefabricated tanks, when tested according to Annex D,

the tank shall not deform wider than specified in the method. The tank, lid, and
access opening cover shall be free of fractures and cracks wider than specified in
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SPAN TS 1401:2010
5.7.2 and from other defects arising from faulty materials or faulty methods of
manufacture.
5.7.7 Water tightness
Prefabricated tanks when assembled and ready for use, shall be watertight up to the
height declared by the manufacturer together with the fittings and covers. The height
of tank is equivalent to the minimum declared height that shall be top of the tank as
shown in Figure E.1. Prefabricated tanks shall comply with at least one of the
following requirements when tested according to methods described in Annex E.
a. Hydrostatic pressure test

When tested according to E3.1 in Annex E, no leakage and no damp patches
shall occur for the prefabricated tanks complete with the attachments.
b. Pneumatic pressure test

When tested according to E3.2 in Annex E, the prefabricated tanks complete with
the attachments shall be deemed watertight when the pneumatic pressure
selected (equal to effective internal pressure) that shall not be less than 20 kPa
does not deviate by more than 10% during 30 seconds testing duration.
5.7.8 Compartmentalization
When a single prefabricated tank is divided into different compartments by partition

walls, assumptions regarding the arrangement of liquid loading shall cause critical
effects. Hence the following concerns must be addressed:
a. Particular attention shall be paid to possible sliding and overturning of the

partition walls due to differential in moment.
b. The partitions shall be structurally sound and fixed without diminishing the
integrity of tank.
c. The content of tank shall be able to be pumped-out without the partition wall
collapsing, permanently deforming or leaking according to a verification test
describe in Annex F.
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SPAN TS 1401:2010
The partition walls shall be permanently fastened in place or form an integral part of
the prefabricated tanks structure.
5.7.9 Joints
The joints between fittings and the wall of prefabricated tanks as well as between
tank components such as the wall and lid, shall have a durable watertight seal, and
have sufficient integral strength and flexibility to maintain a sound structure. The
prefabricated tanks shall comply with at least one of the following requirements when
tested according to the methods described in Annex G.
a. Low hydrostatic pressure test

When tested according to G3.1 in Annex G, the tank shall have no leakage, and
no damp patches. It is assumed the fitting installation is watertight in this test for
both water ingress and egress.
b. Bending and torsion moments on fittings test

When tested according to G3.2 in Annex G, the tank shall show no visual
deterioration and shall not leak when submitted to leakage tests according to
Annex E.
5.7.10 Impact resistance
The following impact resistance tests shall be conducted for tanks made of FRP:
a. Internal impact resistance test

When tested in accordance with H3.1 of Annex H, no cracking of the internal
surface or a surface change visible with the unaided eye shall occur.
b. External impact resistance

When tested in accordance with H3.2 of Annex H, the tank shall show no visual
deterioration.
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SPAN TS 1401:2010
5.7.11 Mechanical characteristics
The mechanical characteristics of prefabricated tanks shall be determined to

estimate serviceable design life span of the tanks as specified in 5.4.
a. For FRP prefabricated tank, α factor and β factor for the material as defined in 3.6
and 3.7 respectively, shall be determined in accordance with EN 978. When
tested, the α factor shall be ≥ 0.5 and the β factor shall be ≥ 0.6.
b. For PE prefabricated tank, mechanical characteristics of the material shall be
determined in accordance with method specified in BS EN 12556-3.
5.8 Construction and physical properties
5.8.1 Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP)
5.8.1.1 Materials
The material of FRP tank shall be constructed using resins, reinforcement materials,
processing agents and other materials in accordance with EN 976-1, Clause 3.
5.8.1.2 Composition
The laminate shall contain not less than 30% w/w of glass fibre content. No fillers or
pigments shall be included in the laminate. Any parts or surfaces that are exposed to
the sun shall be constructed with ultraviolet-light inhibitors added to the laminate.
5.8.1.3 Dimensions
Internal diameter of the tank shall be within the tolerances of at most ± 1 %.
The minimum cylindrical wall and end panel thickness for cylindrical tanks shall be
8.0 ± 0.5 mm. For differentially shaped tank, the minimum thickness of the structural
tank wall shall be 8.0 ± 0.5 mm. The thickness of partition wall and all other internal
components shall be at least 5.0 ± 0.5 mm.
17

SPAN TS 1401:2010
A verification test shall be in accordance with Annex J.
5.8.1.4 Surface finish and appearance
The internal surface and all mating surfaces of joints shall be smooth. Both internal
and external surfaces shall be free from irregularities which would impair the ability
of the tank or joint. The surface shall not be tacky.
The exterior surface shall be relatively smooth with no sharp projections and be free
of blisters larger than 15 mm in diameter, delaminating, and fibre show.
The interior surface shall be resin rich with no exposed fibres. The surface shall be
free of crazing, delamination, blisters and wrinkles of 3.5 mm or greater in depth.
5.8.1.5 Durability
In addition to the tests specified in 5.7, the criteria as specified in Table 5.2 shall be
tested to verify durability of the tanks at 27ºC ± 5ºC using test specimens prepared in
accordance with ISO 1268-4.
Table 5.2 Durability criteria of FRP tank at 27ºC ± 5ºC
Criteria Properties Testing standards

Flexural strength ≥ 110 MPa ISO 14125
Modulus of elasticity ≥ 4830 MPa ISO 14125
Barcol hardness ≥ 35 BS EN 13923
Water absorption ≤ 0.75% ISO 62
Glass fibre content ≥ 30% w/w ISO 1172
Tensile strength ≥ 65 MPa ISO 527-4
Tensile elongation ≥ 1.5%. ISO 527-4
Tensile modulus ≥ 7000 MPa ISO 527-4
Specific gravity ≥ 1.5 ISO 62
Fire rating < 25s, Class 1 ASTM E84, BS 476
18

SPAN TS 1401:2010
5.8.2 Polyethylene (PE)
5.8.2.1 Materials
Polymer resin used shall be suitable in the form of powders, granules or pellets with
no more than 10% of recycled materials so that the finished product meets the
performance requirements as set out in this technical specification. The materials
shall be as uniform in composition and size and as free of contamination.
5.8.2.2 Composition
PE tanks shall be constructed with ultraviolet light inhibitors added to the material.
Polyethylene material shall comply with ASTM D1238, Class B that requires an
ultraviolet stabiliser or Class C that requires a minimum 1% carbon black.
5.8.2.3 Thickness
Internal diameter of tank shall be within the tolerances declared by the manufacturer,
which shall be at most ± 1 %.
Minimum thickness of tank walls, partition wall, other internal components, base and
access opening covers shall be 6.0 ± 0.5 mm.
A verification test shall be in accordance with Annex J.
5.8.2.4 Surface finish and appearance
Exterior surface shall be ribbed, relatively smooth and impervious to liquid.
Interior surface shall be smooth and of even texture. The surface shall be free from
surface imperfections, which detract from the performance of the tank in use.
19

SPAN TS 1401:2010
5.8.2.5 Durability
In addition to tests specified in 5.7, the criteria as specified in Table 5.3 shall be
tested to verify durability of the tanks at 27ºC ± 5ºC. The test specimens prepared
shall reflect manufacturing process and typical cross section of the tank, which shall
be manufactured at the same time as the tanks produced for installation.
Table 5.3 Durability criteria of PE tank at 27ºC ± 5ºC
Criteria Properties Testing Standards

Flexural modulus 640 MPa to 1200 MPa ISO 178
Charpy impact 45 KI ISO 179
Shore hardness ≥ 62 ISO 868
Tensile strength 17 to 28 MPa ISO 527-4
Tensile elongation ≥ 200% ISO 527-4
Tensile stress at yield ≥ 23 MPa ISO 527-4
Tensile modulus 22 MPa ISO 527-4
Vicat softening temperature 80 °C ISO 306
Melt index 0.58 ISO 306
Thermal conductivity 0.4 W/m°C ASTM E1225
6 Marking and labelling
6.1 Permanence and visibility
All marking and labelling shall be permanent, legible and clearly visible at time of
installation. The marking and labelling shall be stencilled, laminated or embossed to
the products. Manufacturer is responsible for affixing of the marking and labelling.
20

SPAN TS 1401:2010
6.2 Prefabricated tank
Each prefabricated tank shall be marked at least with the following information.
a. Manufacture’s name or trademark.
b. Manufacturing serial number.
c. Manufacturing date (MM/YY).
d. Diameter and capacity.
e. Standards number.
f. Certification number.
6.3 Inspection cover
Each inspection cover shall be properly marked and labelled as typically shown in
Figure 6.1 with the following information to ease identification of the unit process for
treatment system.
a. Model of the packaged plant.

b. Unit process for the tank.
c. Dimension of the tank (Length x Width x Diameter/ Height).
d. Standards number.
e. Certification number.
Figure 6.1 Typical marking and labelling for inspection covers
21

SPAN TS 1401:2010
7 Code and model
Coding requirements to name the model of packaged plant as a product shall follow
the sequence code of identification with maximum characters as shown below.
AAA/BBB/1234/CCC Example: XXS/HKA/3000/CAS
whereby; AAA - Name of company

BBB - Brand / Model
1234 - Actual population equivalent of package plants
CCC - Type of treatment process
The model shall be limited to the range of population equivalents with minimum
intervals as Table 7.1.
Table 7.1 Range of model for packaged plants
Model Range Interval

150 P.E ~ 1000 P.E 50
1001 P.E ~ 5000 P.E 100
22

SPAN TS 1401:2010
8 Performance criteria
8.1 Unit process
8.1.1 Effluent weir
The weir in sedimentation tank shall be accessible without causing obstruction and
not posing any health and safety issues. The weirs shall always be levelled for even
distribution of flow. Slots in the weir shall be provided to allow for level adjustment
during the installation stage. Flow through over the weir shall be calculated based on
the actual type of weir used.
8.1.2 Sludge treatment
The amount of wasted sludge, Qwaste shall be used to size the sludge holding tank.
The amount of wasted sludge in mass shall be balanced with sludge accumulation
rate in reference to computed sludge age.
An adequate air mixing mechanism and air supply shall be provided in the sludge
holding tank to ensure sewage content is sufficiently mixed to keep it in suspension,
without causing any hardened sludge settled at the bottom of the tank during
desludging periods of 30 days.
The sludge treatment by anaerobic digester shall not be allowed as it require

intensive health and safety requirements and control system, which is not suitable for
operation and maintenance of plants within the serving population equivalent.
8.2 Piping system
8.2.1 General
The piping system for packaged plants shall comply with following criteria:
23

SPAN TS 1401:2010
a. The arrangement of piping system and interconnection pipes in prefabricated

tanks shall not obstruct maintenance work of the equipment in the tanks;
b. All the buried piping shall be properly bedded and supported with the selected
compacted fill material;
c. All the above ground piping shall have a minimum distance of 75 mm from the
ground level. It shall be provided with a proper pipe support and bracket. The
bracket shall be made steel coated with hot dipped galvanised in compliance with
BS EN ISO 12944. The typical pipe support and bracket is shown in Figure 8.1;
PIPE
HOT DIPPED GALVANISED PIPE
BRACKET AT AN INTERVAL OF
2000mm C/C (MAX.)
75 10mmØ (MIN.) HOT DIP

GALVANISED BOLTS AND NUTS
(MIN.)
CONCRETE
SLAB
(MIN.)
(MIN.)
50
GL GL
75
(MIN.)
50
SAND BEDDING
NOTES :-
1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILIMETERS UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED.
Figure 8.1 Typical pipe support and bracket
d. The arrangement of the above ground piping shall minimise obstruction and
manoeuvrability;
e. Any on-site installation or assemblies of pipe support that is attached to the
prefabricated tank shall not be allowed;
f. No bending shall be allowed at any sewage distribution pipe excluding the force
main piping. Instead, a chamber shall be provided to cater for any change of
direction in sewage flow.
8.2.2 Inlet and outlet pipe
All openings for pipes connection of the prefabricated tanks shall be pre-fitted at the
factory with a socket, a spigot, a flange or a 300 mm length short piece of pipe. On-
site drilling of openings for pipe connection is prohibited.
24

SPAN TS 1401:2010
8.2.3 Air pipe
Air pipes consisting of air distribution pipes from blower, header pipes, drop leg/down
pipes and other pipes to convey air for aeration, mixing or air lift purposes shall be:
a. able to withstand maximum air temperatures generated by the blower and

pressures of 25% more than the design pressure of the blower;
b. painted in green with the air flow direction is painted in white at maximum interval
of 3 m;
c. above ground for the air distribution pipes from the blower to the unit processes;
d. properly bracketed with Grade 304 stainless steel U-bolt in compliance with BS
EN 10088-1:2005 for the down pipes to limit the movement of diffusers;
e. designed to provide even and adequate air distribution to all relevant unit
processes;
f. provided with instruments such as air gauge or pressure gauge for the pipes
conveying air for mixing and air lift purposes. The points to allow calibration shall
be provided for the fixed instrument, while points to allow measurement shall be
provided for the portable instrument.
8.2.4 Sludge transfer pipe
All jointing to connect the sludge transfer pipes shall be double flange with Grade
304 stainless steel bolts and nuts in compliance with ISO 3506-1 to ISO 3506-3. No
thread union or coupling shall be allowed in any jointing part of the pipes.
8.2.5 Effluent pipe
The effluent discharge piping system that passes through or by-passes the
disinfection treatment facility shall be designed so as not to cause any nuisance.
The invert level of effluent pipe shall be at a minimum of 300 mm from the top water
level of receiving watercourse.
25

SPAN TS 1401:2010
8.3 Pumping system
8.3.1 Pump
Minimum control mechanism for the pumps installed within packaged plants shall be:
a. automatic by float switch for sewage transfer pump;

b. automatic by timer and interlock with solenoid valve for return and waste sludge
pump in sedimentation tank;
c. manual by push button for sludge transfer pump to remove sludge from sludge
holding tank.
In event non-submersible pumps are used, sufficient cover for weather protection
shall be provided.
8.3.2 Duck foot, transfer pipe and guide rail
All pumps shall be completely installed with duck foot, guide rail and lifting chain
complying with the following requirements:
a. Duck foot shall be installed and assembled in the factory. No installation or

assemblies at site shall be allowed except for the connection of transfer pipe and
guide rail.
b. The guide rail shall be properly bracketed with U-bolt to secure the movement of
the pump.
c. All fasteners of the duck foot shall be watertight.
d. Guide rail, lifting chain and U-bolt bracket shall be made of Grade 304 stainless
steel in compliance with BS EN 10088-1.
8.4 Air lift system
The solenoid valves shall be provided for intermittent air lift system for both return
and waste sludge and scum skimmer.
26

SPAN TS 1401:2010
8.5 Diffuser
All diffusers shall be supported from the tank base and shall not be bolted to the
bottom of the tank. The diffusers shall be removable and easy to re-install onto the
diffuser support.
The support for diffusers shall be made of non-corrosive material and shall be
designed to suit the application. The support shall be capable to prevent buoyancy of
the diffuser.
8.6 Valve
All valves shall be accessible and not obstructed for maintenance work. The valves
of 100 mm diameter and above shall be installed in the inspection chamber.
Selection of materials to be used in the construction of body and seal of the valves
shall be in accordance with the application in order to optimize functional reliability,
fluid compatibility, serviceable life and cost.
8.7 Inspection opening and cover
The design and arrangement of inspection cover in reference to the inspection

openings shall be consistent with operational requirements of packaged plants. The
inspection cover shall be installed at any location on top of the tank except at
assembly joints, rib or reinforced ring location.
The inspection cover shall have a size of 600 mm x 600 mm or 600 mm diameter
and shall be equipped with a frame support together with hinge and handle made of
Grade 304 stainless steel. For inspection opening bigger than size of inspection
cover, bracing to support the cover made of Grade 304 stainless steel shall be
provided. All stainless steel Grade 304 shall comply with BS EN 10088-1.
27

SPAN TS 1401:2010
The inspection covers shall be securely fitted and attached to the opening and shall
have the mechanism preventing it from being accidentally shut. The collar of the
opening to place the inspection covers shall be raised to a minimum height of 150
mm above ground level. The typical inspection cover is shown in Figure 8.2.
600
STAINLESS STEEL HINGE

STAINLESS STEEL HINGE
X
GFRP/HDPE/CI MANHOLE COVER
X
150 (min)
600
GL PREFABRICATED TANK
AAA/BBB/1234/CC
BALANCING TANK 30mm FONT SIZE
3.0(L)X3.5(W)X3.2(D)
600
SECTION X-X
Y
6 x 100 (min.)
GFRP/HDPE/CI
STAILESS
MANHOLE COVER
STEEL HINGE
Y
GFRP/HDPE/CI MANHOLE COVER
STAINLESS STEEL HANDLE 150 (min)

50
PLAN PREFABRICATED GL
TANK
STAINLESS STEEL
HINGE
X
SECTION Y-Y
X
STIFFENER
AAA/BBB/1234/CC
BALANCING TANK 30mm FONT SIZE
3.0(L)X3.5(W)X3.2(D)
600
C
4/C
/123 K
/BBB TAN
AAA IN G
ANC
BAL
Y
Y GFRP/HDPE/CI MANHOLE COVER

STAINLESS STEEL HANDLE
PLAN
NOTES :-
Figure 8.2 Typical inspection cover 1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED.
The inspection cover shall provide an effective, durable and watertight seal and be
able to withstand superimposed loads at operating temperature of 27°C to 35°C with
incorporation of thermal expansion and contraction complying with the requirements
as shown in Table 8.1 below.
The inspection cover shall be sufficiently protected during its serviceable life, which
similar to the prefabricated tanks against degradation due to exposure to UV light
and corrosion due to exposure to corrosive sewage environment.
28

SPAN TS 1401:2010
Table 8.1 Performance criteria for inspection cover
Parameter Standards Performance criteria

Load bearing capacity BS EN 12255-1 ≥ 3.5 kN/m2
10 mm or the span divided by
Maximum deflection limit BS EN 12255-1
200, whichever is smaller
4:1 for allowable stresses shall
Design safety factor ANSI/ASCE 7-98
be met for all load combinations
8.8 Flow distribution chamber
Design and construction of flow distribution chamber shall prevent any

sedimentation. The adjustable features shall be provided within flow distribution
chamber and shall be constructed using one of the following material:
a. Reinforced concrete with a minimum of Grade C30 in compliance with BS 8007;

b. FRP with minimum thickness of 5.0 ± 0.5 mm in compliance with BS EN 4994,
BS EN 13923 or ASTM D4097;
c. Steel plate coated with hot dipped galvanised of 140 μm or high build tar epoxy
coating of 200 μm minimum dry film thickness. The steel plate and coating shall
comply with the requirements in EN 10163-2 and BS EN ISO 12944-1 to BS EN
ISO 12944-8 respectively;
d. Stainless steel of minimum Grade 304 in compliance with BS EN 10088-1;
e. Any other material that is approved by the Commission to be used for this
purpose.
8.9 Lifting device
Lifting device shall be installed to avoid direct loading to the structure of

prefabricated tanks. Where fixed lifting device is provided, it shall be supported by
the spread footing to ensure even distribution of loads exerted by the weight of the
devices.
29

SPAN TS 1401:2010
8.10 Control and instrumentation
Necessary measuring and control equipment shall be specified taking into account
the installation conditions. This applies to its location within the packaged plants,
layout and size of structures in compliance with BS EN 12255-12.
9 Delivery and installation
Manufacturer/supplier shall properly plan delivery route so as not to cause any

damage to road facilities and harm to road users.
Packaged plants shall be installed and constructed under the supervision of a

Professional Engineer and in accordance to detailed plans approved by the
Commission. An inventory list of every item to be installed shall be provided and to
be checked against the approved construction drawings. The list shall be endorsed
by the Professional Engineer.
No fabrication or moulding of any part of the prefabricated tanks and pipe holes
drilling shall be allowed at the site. All jointing and pipe holes connection shall be
factory fabricated and moulded.
10 Evaluation of conformity
10.1 General
Conformity of the prefabricated tanks to the requirements in this Specification shall

be demonstrated by:
a. Initial type tests;

b. Factory production control, including finished product tests.
30

SPAN TS 1401:2010
The results of every test conducted as specified in the following Sections shall be
recorded and available for inspection, and shall be kept for at least 15 years after the
date of last production of the prefabricated tanks to which they relate. All test
equipment shall be calibrated and verified and the procedure, frequency and criteria
of testing shall be documented.
10.2 Initial type tests
Table 10.1 sets out the requirements for initial type tests to confirm that the final
properties of the prefabricated tanks conform to the requirements of this
Specification. When a new prefabricated tank outside an existing range is
developed, the initial type tests shall be carried out for that particular tank.
The initial type tests shall be repeated if a modification is carried out involving any
change in design, process or material that is likely to alter the functional properties,
performance or requirement of the finished prefabricated tank.
10.3 Factory production control
10.3.1 General
A factory production control system shall be established and documented. The

control system shall consist of procedures for the internal control of production to
ensure that prefabricated tanks placed on the market conform to this Specification.
10.3.2 Raw materials and components
The specifications of incoming raw materials and components shall be verified.
10.3.3 Production process
The relevant features of packaged plants and production process of prefabricated

tanks shall be defined giving the frequency of inspection checks and tests, together
31

SPAN TS 1401:2010
with criteria required for controlling the manufacturing process. The action to be
taken when control values or criteria are not met shall be given. All production
equipment shall be calibrated and the procedure, frequency and criteria of the
production shall be documented.
10.3.4 Finished product testing
Testing plan for finished product of the prefabricated tanks shall include:
a. On-going test
As sets out in Table 10.2, the tests shall be carried out in accordance with an
agreed testing plan, at least once per each batch of tanks production to
demonstrate its compliance with this Specification on an on-going basis.
b. Periodic test
The periodic test comprises tests as set out in initial type tests shall be
performed.
10.3.5 Stock control
The stock control of finished prefabricated tanks, together with procedures for
dealing with non-conforming tanks, shall be documented.
10.4 Treatment efficiency testing
The treatment efficiency testing shall be mandatory for all packaged plants. At least
a minimum of three (3) assessments on different days shall be conducted for
packaged plant that had been installed for more than two (2) years. All data and
samples collected for this testing shall be verified by operator of the plant. Table 10.3
sets out core parameters that shall be monitored in the plant.
The test reports on treatment efficiency shall be submitted to the Commission on a

yearly basis containing at least the information specified below.
32

SPAN TS 1401:2010
a. Information on the conformity of plants tested with the information provided prior
to testing.
b. Data obtained during testing with analysis on the efficiency ratios of the loading
parameters.
c. Information on all maintenance and repairs carried out during the test period,
including details of desludging frequency, quantity and the volume removed.
d. Information on any problems, physical or environmental occurring during the test
period. Deviations from the manufacturer’s maintenance instructions shall be
reported in this section.
e. Information detailing any physical deterioration of the plants that has occurred
during the testing.
f. Information concerning deviations from the test procedure.
10.5 Conditions of testing
10.5.1 General
Conditioning of the test specimens is not required unless otherwise specified by the
test method. The tests are to be conducted at ambient conditions without any special
controls on temperature or relative humidity unless otherwise specified by the test
method. All tests and samplings for the testing shall be conducted by a laboratory
accredited to ISO/IEC 17025.
10.5.2 Prefabricated tank
In event of a test failure, further test shall be conducted on prefabricated tanks within
the production batch. If the first two randomly selected additional tanks meet the
requirements, the batch shall be deemed to meet the test requirements. If one of the
additional tanks fails, the batch shall be rejected or every tank subjected to the
relevant test.
33

SPAN TS 1401:2010
10.5.3 Treatment efficiency
The quantity of packaged plants to be tested shall be calculated based on 5%

installed units on all ranges of models. For packaged plants installed with less than
20 units, the performance of minimum three (3) installed units shall be tested.
10.5.4 Test record
For each test specimen, the report shall record, not limiting to the following data:
a. Identification of person and organisation carrying out the test.

b. Identification of the sample tested.
c. Date of test.
d. The test result.
e. Reference to the test method.
34

SPAN TS 1401:2010
Table 10.1 Requirements for initial type test
Model to be tested
Reference Each Representative Test
No. Requirement
clause model in model in a Method
a range range
5.8.1.3,
1. Overall dimensions x Annex J
5.8.2.3
Design
2. Inlet and outlet pipe 8.2.2 x
review
Inspection opening and Design
3. 8.7 x
cover review
Design
4. Hydrostatic uplift 5.7.3 x
review
5. Lifting system loading 5.7.4 x 5.7.4
Integrity during handling Design
6. 5.7.5 x
and installation review
Annex B to
7. Structural strength 5.7.6 xa
Annex D
8. Water tightness 5.7.7 x Annex E
9. Compartmentalisation 5.7.8 x Annex F
10. Joints 5.7.9 x Annex G
11. Impact resistance 5.7.10 x Annex H
Mechanical Design
12. 5.7.11 xa
characteristics review
Design
13. Marking and labelling 6 x
review
5.8.1.1, Design
14. Material xb
5.7.2.1 review
5.8.1.2, Design
15. Composition xb
5.8.2.2 review
Surface finish and 5.8.1.4, Design
16. x
appearance 5.8.2.4 review
5.8.1.5, 5.8.1.5,
17. Durability xa
5.8.2.5 5.8.2.5
Note:
xa The biggest size will normally be selected assuming this size represents the worst structural behaviour.
xb Evidence by way of appropriate manufacturer documentation of approvals or tests.
35

SPAN TS 1401:2010
Table 10.2 Requirement for on-going test
Model to be tested
Reference Each Representative Test
No. Requirement
Clause model in model in a Method
a range range
5.8.1.3,
1. Overall dimensions x Annex H
5.8.2.3
Design
2. Inlet and outlet pipe 8.2.2 x
review
Inspection opening and Design
3. 8.7 x
cover review
Design
4. Hydrostatic uplift 5.7.3 x
review
5. Lifting system loading 5.7.4 x 5.7.4
Integrity during handling Design
6. 5.7.5 x
and installation review
7. Water tightness 5.7.7 x Annex E
8. Compartmentalisation 5.7.8 x Annex F
9. Joints 5.7.9 x Annex G
10. Impact resistance 5.7.10 x Annex H
11. Treatment efficiency 10.4 xc Table 10.3
Design
12. Marking and labelling 6 x
review
5.8.1.1, Design
13. Material xb
5.8.2.1 review
5.8.1.2, Design
14. Composition xb
5.8.2.2 review
Surface finish and 5.8.1.4, Design
15. x
appearance 5.8.2.4 review
Note:
xb Evidence by way of appropriate manufacturer documentation of approvals or tests.
xc Refer to 10.5.3 for sampling requirements.
36

SPAN TS 1401:2010
Table 10.3 Core parameters for treatment efficiency testing
Criteria Description/ Results

Date/ Time
Weather condition
Condition of plants
Status of mechanical equipment
Current hydraulic daily flow
Average
Peak
Influent characteristics
- BOD5
- COD
- TSS
- Oil and grease
- pH
- Temperature
- Total nitrogen
- Ammonical nitrogen
- Phosphorus (if applicable)
Aeration tank characteristics
- MLSS
- Dissolved oxygen
- Sludge settleability (SSV30)
- Sludge volume index (SVI30)
- Sludge settlement
- pH
- Temperature
Clarifier characteristics
- Sludge blanket
Return sludge characteristics
- TSS
- Recirculation ratio (QRAS/QINFLOW)
37

SPAN TS 1401:2010
Table 10.4 Core parameters for treatment efficiency testing (cont.)

Effluent characteristics
- BOD5
- COD
- TSS
- Oil and grease
- pH
- Nitrate nitrogen
Note: Testing methods shall be in accordance with “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater”, a joint publication by American Public Health Association, the American Water
Works Association and the Water Environment Federation of the United States of America
38

SPAN TS 1401:2010
ANNEX A
NORMATIVE REFERENCE
AS 3750.2 Paints for steel structure-ultra high-build paint

AS/NZS 1546.1 On-site domestic wastewater treatment units Part 1: Septic Tank
AS/NZS 1546.2 On-site domestic wastewater treatment units Part 3: Aerated wastewater
treatment systems
AS/NZS 4766 Polyethylene storage tanks for water and chemicals
ANSI/ASCE 7-98 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
ASTM A240/A240M Standard specification for chromium and chromium-nickel stainless steel plate,
sheet and strip for pressure vessels and for general applications
ASTM D3029 Test method for impact resistance of flat, rigid plastic specimens by means of a
tup (falling weight)
ASTM D4097 Standard specification for contact moulded glass fibre reinforced thermoset resin
corrosion resistant tanks
ASTM E84 Standard test method for surface burning characteristics of building materials
ASTM E1225 Standard test method for thermal conductivity of solids by means of the
guarded-comparative-longitudinal heat flow technique
BS 4994 Specification for design and construction of vessels and tanks in reinforced
plastics
BS 5150 British Standard Specification for cast iron gate valve
BS 8007 Code of practice for design of concrete structures for retaining aqueous liquids
BS 8110-1 Structural use of concrete. Code of practise for design and construction
BS EN 124 Gully tops and manhole tops for vehicular and pedestrian areas – Design
requirements, type testing, marking, quality control
BS EN 976-1 Underground tanks of glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) – Horizontal cylindrical
tanks for the non-pressure storage of liquid petroleum based fuels – Part 1:
Requirements and test methods for single wall tanks
BS EN 978 Underground tanks of glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) – Determination of factor
α and factor β
BS EN 10088-1 Stainless steels. List of stainless steels
BS EN 10088-2 Stainless steels. Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip of
corrosion resisting steels for general purposes.
BS EN 12334 Industrial valves – Cast iron check valves
BS EN 12255-1 Wastewater Treatment Plants – Part 1: General construction principles
BS EN 12255-11 Wastewater Treatment Plants – Part 11: General data required
BS EN 12255-12 Wastewater Treatment Plants – Part 12: Control and automation
39

SPAN TS 1401:2010
BS EN 12566-3 Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PT – Part 3: Packaged and/ or

site assembled domestic wastewater treatment plants
BS EN 13923 Filament wound FRP pressure vessels. Materials, design, manufacturing and
testing
BS EN ISO 1461 Hot dipped galvanised coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles.
Specifications and test methods.
BS EN ISO 12944-1 Paints and varnishes. Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint
systems. General introduction.
CSA B66-05 Design, material and manufacturing requirements for prefabricated septic tanks
and sewage holding tanks
ISO 62 Plastics – Determination of water absorption

ISO 75-2 Plastics – Determination of temperature of deflection under load – Plastics and
ebonite
ISO 75-3 Plastics – Determination of temperature of deflection under load – High strength
thermosetting laminates and long fibre reinforced plastics
ISO 179-1 Plastics – Determination of Charpy impact properties – Non-instrumented impact
test
ISO 179-2 Plastics – Determination of Charpy impact properties – Instrumented impact test
ISO 306 Plastics – Thermoplastic materials – Determination of Vicat softening
temperature
ISO 868 Plastics and ebonite – Determination of indentation hardness by means of a
durometer (Shore hardness)
ISO 3506-1 Mechanical properties of corrosion resistant stainless steel fasteners – Part 1:
Bolts, screw and studs
Nuts
Set screws and similar fasteners not under tensile stress
ISO 527-1 Plastics – Determination of tensile properties – General principles
ISO 527-2 Plastics – Determination of tensile properties – Test conditions for moulding and
extrusion plastics
ISO 527-4 Plastics – Determination of tensile properties – Test conditions for isotropic and
orthotropic fibre reinforced plastics composite
ISO 14125 Fibre reinforced plastics composites – Determination of flexural properties
ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO/IEC GUIDE 7 Guidelines for drafting of standards suitable for use for conformity assessment
40

SPAN TS 1401:2010
ANNEX B
DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO EXTERNAL PRESSURE

(EXTERNAL HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE TEST)
(Normative)
B1 SCOPE
This Annex sets out a method for testing the resistance of a prefabricated tank to external pressure
due to soil in a fully or partially saturated state and hydrostatic groundwater.
B2 PRINCIPLE
The tank is subjected to a circumferential load applied to the wall of the tank.
B3 TESTING
B3.1 Hydraulic Test
The lateral (side loading) forces on a tank due to soil in a fully or partially saturated state, together
with any accidental (incidental) additional loading due to the presence of earth-moving equipment
adjacent to the tank wall may be represented by a circumferential load applied to the wall of the tank.
These forces equate approximately to the forces applied to an empty tank held submerged in water.
The test method requires that forces due to any anchorage technique normally used with the septic
tank are simulated during the test.
The testing procedures shall be as follows:
a) Level the container base.
b) Install the empty test tank in the container and restrain it as necessary. If it is necessary to
reproduce anchorage compression, weights shall be placed on the upper rim of the tank cylinder.
c) Holding down the tank in a manner that does not provide any lateral stability to the tank in excess
of that provided by the lid, when installed.
d) Fill the outer container of the test tank with water up to the designed depth of cover, including
risers.
e) Maintain the tank under test for a minimum of 7 days.
41

SPAN TS 1401:2010
B3.2 Pit Test
The test shall be carried out on an empty tank equipped with pipe connections (inlet, outlet and
interconnection pipes), its cover(s) and any extension and/or maintenance shaft(s). The tank shall be
installed in a watertight test excavation. The size of testing excavation shall be calculated to avoid
side effects. The tank shall be fixed on the base of excavation, according to manufacturer's
installation instructions. The excavation shall be backfilled with rounded gravel (size from 3 mm to 8
mm). To test in wet ground conditions, add water to the top of the plant, as defined in Figure B.1.
The testing procedures shall be as follows:
a) Measure the initial internal dimensions of the tank.
b) Place the tank in the test excavation.
c) Backfill with gravel up to the level of pipe connections and simultaneously fill the tank with water
up to the top, after sealing the inlet and outlet pipe connections. The volume of water shall be
measured.
d) After that, discharge the water in the tank by using the following procedure.
- For a tank made of FRP, the volume of water in the tank shall be measured; after that,
discharge the water in the tank.
- For a tank made of PE, measure the volume of water in the tank one day later and discharge
the water.
e) Check the position of inlet and outlet pipe connections.
f) Complete backfill up to the maximum depth of cover as specified in 5.7.1, including the pedestrian
load (2.5 kN/m2) converted to a uniform backfill load.
g) Seal inlet and outlet pipe connections and, for a wet ground test, add water in the excavation to
the top of the tank.
h) For a tank made of FRP, maintain the test conditions for 24 h. For a tank made of PE, maintain
the test conditions for 3 weeks.
i) In wet condition, examine inside of the tank to ensure water tightness is maintained. Discharge
water from the excavation. If the tank is watertight, refill with water, and measure any change in
the capacity of the tank.
j) In dry condition, examine inside of the tank. Refill with the volume of water required to fill the tank
and measure any change in the capacity of the tank.
k) Check the position of inlet and outlet pipe connections and the internal dimensions of the tank.
42

SPAN TS 1401:2010
(Ref: BS EN 12566-3)
Key 1 = water table level 2 = backfill
Figure B.1 Scheme of the principle for the pit test
B4 TEST CRITERIA
B4.1 Hydraulic test
Inspection shall show that there have been no leaks and that the integrity of the tank has no
permanent damage as specified in 5.7.2. Inspection shall show that the deflection measured in the
tank wall does not exceed:
a) The wall thickness at that point; or
b) The deflection predicted by calculation.
B4.2 Pit test
For a tank made of FRP:

a) No failure shall occur during the test; and
b) No lack of water tightness shall be recorded.
For a tank made of PE:

3
a) Variation of the volume of tank (expressed in m ) shall be lower than 20 % of the internal volume
of the tank; and
b) Movement of inlet, outlet and interconnecting pipe works shall not lead to loss of water tightness.
43

SPAN TS 1401:2010
ANNEX C
DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO EXTERNAL LOAD (VACUUM TEST)

(Normative)
C1 SCOPE
This Annex sets out an alternative method to determine structural strength of Glass Fiber Reinforced
Plastic (FRP) prefabricated tank to withstand external earth and hydrostatic pressure by testing its
resistance to an applied vacuum pressure.
C2 PRINCIPLE
The tank shall be tested for designed external load in any conditions, using the following formula:
p = (½ D + H) x 10
where; p = negative pressure, kPa
H = maximum depth of earth cover as specified in 5.7.1, m
D = internal tank diameter, m
10 = action resulting from the specific weight of water, kN/m3
WARNING: Failure implosion in a negative pressure test can release large quantities of energy.
Adequate precautions shall be taken to protect personnel and facilities.
C3 TESTING
The test procedures for vacuum test shall be conducted as follows:
a) Support the tank uniformly. Bed an empty tank in dry sand to a depth not exceeding 100mm, with
the tank oriented as in service.
b) Seal all openings in the tank and apply the required internal vacuum pressure calculated by the
formula in C2.
c) Hold the vacuum for 60±5 min and check for deformation or damage to the tank. Ensure the
hatches and inlet and outlet fittings have not lost their seal or been distorted.
C4 TEST CRITERIA
For vacuum tests defined above, the tank shall not be damaged nor has any visual deterioration
internally or externally. The tank shall withstand the vacuum pressure selected without rupture.
44

SPAN TS 1401:2010
ANNEX D
DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE TO TOP LOAD (TOP LOADING TEST)

(Normative)
D1 SCOPE
This Annex sets out an alternative method to determine structural strength of polyethylene (PE)
prefabricated tank by testing its resistance of to an applied top load.
D2 PRINCIPLE
The tank is subjected to a load that is applied to the top segment of the tank. Testing shall be carried
out at the temperature of (25 + 5) °C. This test method is applicable for use in dry conditions only. The
test shall be carried out on an empty tanks equipped with its cover(s).
D3 TESTING
The test procedures for the top loading testing for PE tank shall be conducted as follows:
a) Bed an empty tank in dry sand to a depth not exceeding 100 mm, with the tank oriented as in
service, and record the width of the tank (w0).
b) Determine the maximum plan area of the tank.
c) Load the top segment of the tank with sandbags (or equivalent) to a total mass calculated by the
formula below.
W = 2000 x A x H
where; W = mass, kg
A = plan area, m2
H = maximum depth of earth cover as specified in section 5.7.1, m
d) Load the top of the tank with sandbags up to the total load, W as calculated in item (c), by taking
care that the load is uniformly distributed. Completion of loading shall be considered time zero for
the purposes of this tests.
e) Check the tank for cracking or other damage and measure the width at 1 h (w1) and 48 h (w48)
after time zero.
f) At the end of 48 hours period under load W, reduce the load to 10% of W. At the end of 24 hours
under the load of 10% of W, measure the tank width (w72) and remove the remainder of the load.
45

SPAN TS 1401:2010
D4 TEST CRITERIA
The deformed width (w) of the tank under load shall be as follows:
a) w1 shall not exceed 1.07 w0;
b) w48 shall not exceed 1.12 w0; and
c) w72 shall not exceed 1.05 w0.
If fractures or cracks occur they shall be checked by means of the test crack measuring gauge. The
load shall than be released and the surface again examined to check whether all test cracks have
closed.
46

SPAN TS 1401:2010
ANNEX E
DETERMINATION OF WATERTIGHTNESS (LEAKAGE TEST)

(Normative)
E1 SCOPE
This Annex outlines a method of testing the water tightness by leakage test for prefabricated tanks.
The tank shall be tested after the strength tests specified in Clause 5.7.6 have been conducted.
E2 PRINCIPLE
The tank is subjected to a hydrostatic or pneumatic pressure and is then examined for signs of
leakage. The tanks shall be placed on a level surface and laterally supported. Horizontal tanks shall
be supported sufficiently so as to counter any bending and induced tension.
E3 TESTING
E3.1 Hydrostatic Pressure Test
For this test, tank shall be secured in place so as to enable inspection of the base of the tank. No
saturation period is necessary before the test starts. The procedure shall be as follows:
a) Seal all the inlet and outlet connections.

b) Fill the tank with water to the declared height of water tightness, which is a minimum height equal
to top of the tank (see Figure E.1).
c) Maintain this water level for 30 minutes and then observe and inspect for any leakage.
E3.2 Pneumatic Pressure Test
For this test, tank shall be subjected to an effective internal pressure equal to the maximum working
pressure, but not less than 20 kPa (gauge pressure). The value of pressure variation is measured
using a pressure gauge capable of being read to the nearest 0.5 kPa. The procedure shall be as
follows:
a) Seal all the inlet and outlet connections and tank openings.
b) The required pneumatic pressure is gradually imposed on the tank and held for 3 min to allow the
tank to absorb deformation. Do not start the leakage test until the pressure settles and the tank
holds the pressure.
47

SPAN TS 1401:2010
c) While the tank is holding the required pressure level, cover the entire external surface of the tank
with soapy water solution or leak test fluid. Soap the entire tank and fittings.
d) Check the tank visually for leaks, giving special attention to tank openings.
e) Measure the pressure variation in the tank during the test period of 30 seconds.
E4 TEST CRITERIA
Under pneumatic pressure testing for tanks complete with attachments, the tank shall not leak and
pressure selected for the test shall not deviate by more than 10% during 30 seconds testing duration.
Under hydrostatic pressure testing, tanks shall have no leakage and no damp patches.
2
2
1
1 top of the tank

2 connections
Figure E.1 Height for filling
48

SPAN TS 1401:2010
ANNEX F
DETERMINATION OF THE RESISTANCE OF A PARTITION WALL TO A HYDROSTATIC

HEAD (PUMP-OUT TEST)
(Normative)
F1 SCOPE
This Annex outlines a method for testing the resistance of a partition wall dividing the prefabricated
tank into compartments to the effects of pumping-out fluid from one side of the partition wall.
F2 PRINCIPLES
When the fluid is removed from one side of a compartmentalised tank during pump-out, the partition
wall will be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure head. This test reproduces those conditions and then
checks for any signs of weaknesses or failure of the partition wall.
F3 TESTING
This test may be carried out in conjunction with the hydrostatic pressure testing for water tightness as
specified in E3.1 of Annex E. The test procedure shall be as follows:
a) Seal all the inlet and outlet connections and flow opening in the partition walls;
b) Fill the tank with water up to its outlet or overflow level;
c) Pump out water from one side of the partition wall. If the partition wall is situated so that there is a
greater quantity or head of water on one side as compared to the other, the water shall be
pumped-out from the side that has the least quantity or head;
d) Observe the reaction of partition wall to the effect of pump-out process and check the partition
wall for leaks over a period of at least 1 hour.
F4 TEST CRITERIA
The partition wall shall not collapse or permanently deform when the water in the tank is pumped-out
and no leakage shall occur in the partition wall.
49

SPAN TS 1401:2010
ANNEX G
DETERMINATION OF THE INSTALLATION OF FITTINGS IN A SOUND STRUCTURE AND

WATERTIGHT MANNER
(Normative)
G1 SCOPE
This Annex outlines a method for testing for the installation of fittings in a sound structure and
watertight manner, whether the fittings are installed in the factory or on-site.
G2 PRINCIPLES
The fittings attached to the prefabricated tank are subjected to a low hydrostatic pressure from inside
the tank, or are subjected to a moment of bending and torsion.
G3 TESTING
G3.1 Low hydrostatic pressure test
The test procedure shall be as follows:

a) Set up the tank as for the leakage test in determining water tightness as required by Annex E.
b) Install fittings in accordance with manufacturer’s instruction.
c) Seal openings in the fittings to allow water to build up behind the fitting during the test.
d) Fill the tank with water until to the top of the tank.
e) Allow the tank to stand for at least 10 minutes.
f) Observe the tank and fittings for any leakage.
G3.2 Bending and torsion moments on fittings test
Carry out the test on the tank which has been restrained. The test procedure shall be as follows:
a) Apply successively a 500 N.m moment of bending and a 500 N.m moment of torsion on piping
sections fixed on each of the pipe fittings attached to the tank.
b) Maintain these moments for 1 min.
c) Inspect the tank visually.
d) Submit the tank to a leakage test in accordance with Annex E.
G4 TEST CRITERIA
Under low hydrostatic pressure test, no leakage and no damp patches shall occur in the tanks.
Under bending and torsion moments on fittings test, no visual deterioration shall occur in the tank.
Subsequently, no leakage shall occur when the tank is submitted to leakage tests.
50

SPAN TS 1401:2010
ANNEX H
DETERMINATION OF IMPACT RESISTANCE FOR GLASS FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP)

PREFABRICATED TANK
(Normative)
H1 SCOPE
This Annex sets out a method of determining the impact resistance of FRP prefabricated tank.
H2 PRINCIPLES
The test allows the mean energy to cause the tank failure to be calculated after a weight of solid steel
ball is allowed to fall vertically onto the test tank.
H3 TESTING
H3.1 Internal impact resistance test

a) Drop a (0.5 ± 0.005) kg solid steel ball from the upper edge of the inspection opening onto the
protection plate of the tank.
b) Observe and inspect for any damage and surface change.
H3.2 External impact resistance test

a) Drop a (0.5 ±0.005) kg solid steel ball from a height of (1 ± 0.01) m onto the structural tank wall of
the tank.
b) If the wall contains ribs, carry out the test by dropping the ball centrally between ribs and on the
crown of a rib.
c) Observe and inspect for any deterioration.
H4 TEST CRITERIA
Under internal impact resistance test, no cracking of the internal surface or a surface change visible
with the unaided eye shall occur.
Under external impact resistance test, the tank shall show no visual deterioration.
51

SPAN TS 1401:2010
ANNEX J
DETERMINATION OF DIMENSIONS (DIMENSIONAL TEST)

(Normative)
J1 SCOPE
This Annex outlines a method for testing and measuring all dimensional parameters of importance for
finish product of the prefabricated tank i.e. diameter, thickness, rib spacing and length.
J2 PRINCIPLES
The tanks are subjected to non-uniform dimensional parameters during the manufacturing process
and are then examined to ensure that each part complies with the dimensional tolerance and required
minimum reference value.
J3 TESTING
a) Measure all dimensional parameters of importance, i.e. diameter, thickness, rib spacing and
length with a suitable instrument.
b) Measure the dimensions other than thickness to the nearest 1 mm. An average of two (2)
perpendicular measurements for internal diameter of the tank and two (2) parallel measurements
for rib spacing and length of the tank shall be taken.
c) Measure the minimum required thickness of structural tanks wall, end panel, partition wall and
internal components for finish product of prefabricated tank to the nearest 0.1 mm. The thickness
shall be measured at certain parts of the determining components.
J4 TEST CRITERIA
The internal diameter, rib spacing and length of the tank shall be within tolerances of at most ± 1 %.
The thickness of all determining components shall not be less than the reference value of the
minimum thickness specified in 5.8.1.3 and 5.8.2.3.
52

TECHNICAL SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
SPECIFICATION
SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM

Part 2: Construction and Installation -
Packaged Plants
Technical Standards and Compliance Division

Sewerage Regulatory Department
No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, stored in a
retrieval system, or reduced to any electronic medium without the written authority of
National Water Services Commission.
National Water Services Commission and Registered Certifying Agencies employees

are permitted to copy and use the information in this publication, for internal
purposes only.
Changes may be made periodically to the information herein.
First Edition
October 2010
Revision March 2013
Published by
Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara

(National Water Services Commission)
Prima Avenue 7, Block 3510
Jalan Teknokrat 6
63000 Cyberjaya Selangor
Malaysia
Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3 ii

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
FOREWORD
National Water Services Commission (SPAN) was established in 2008 to regulate

the water services industry in Malaysia. SPAN envisions a sustainable, reliable and
affordable water services for all by regulating the water services industry through fair,
effective and transparent implementation of the Water Services Act (Act 655). Since
inception in 2008, SPAN has been striving to institute improvements in term of
standards and performance in the country’s water and sewerage services sector.
SPAN aims to enhance efforts towards improving standards, quality and operational
efficiency of water and sewerage services industry to ensure sustainability. One of
the approaches is to achieve higher standards and quality by developing technical
specifications for products and systems used in the industry. Hence, Technical
Working Groups had been formed by Sewerage Regulatory Department to formulate
technical and performance specifications for adoption in sewerage industry.
This Technical Specification is a result of joint effort by members from various

relevant stakeholders of the industry. This series of Technical Specification consists
of the following parts, under the general title Sewage Treatment System:
Part 1: Prefabricated tanks – Packaged Plants
Part 2: Construction and Installation - Packaged Plants
The specification contains key criteria on packaged plants made of prefabricated

tanks covering operational requirements, performance criteria, test methods,
marking and evaluation of conformity for packaged plants used for the treatment of
sewage with population equivalents between 150 and 5000.
The continual development of technical and performance specifications is crucial in

moving the industry towards higher standards which will uplift the image of local
sewerage industry. With the publication of this Technical Specification, it is hoped
that it will contribute towards a better planned and well organized development of
new sewerage systems to fulfil whole life infrastructure obligations.
As more than 50% of the systems installed on the ground are packaged plants using
prefabricated tanks, hence the best practices, quality and performance measurement
standards must be established to ensure its long lasting performance and durability.
iii Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
To date SPAN had published 3 volumes of Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guideline

which are used extensively nationwide. Meanwhile this publication is the first effort
by SPAN to produce technical specification. It would not had been possible without
the joint effort of industry stakeholders namely representatives from Association of
Environmental Consultants and Contractors of Malaysia (AECCOM), Jabatan
Perkhidmatan Pembetungan (JPP), Indah Water Konsortium (IWK), SIRIM Berhad
and IKRAM QA Services Sdn. Bhd.. TWG reports to the Commission via System,
Product, Material and Research & Development Committee to seek endorsement for
implementation of Technical Specification in the industry. The commitment and
cooperation showed by the members of TWG must be applauded. We also would
like to record our utmost appreciation for stakeholders whom had participated in the
publication of the technical specification draft for public comments. We are planning
for many more technical specifications publication with such continuous support for
industry players.
The System, Product, Material and Research & Development Committee of National
Water Services Commission (SPAN) comprises of representatives from:
Department of Standards Malaysia (DSM)

Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI)
National Water Services Commission (SPAN)
Public Works Department Malaysia (PWD)
Sewerage Services Department (JPP)
Water Supply Department (JBA)
The Technical Working Group for Technical Specification of Sewage Treatment

Systems, Part 2: Construction and Installation - Packaged Plants consists of
representatives from:
Association of Environmental Consultants and Companies of Malaysia (AECCOM)

Indah Water Konsortium Sdn. Bhd. (IWK)
National Water Services Commission (SPAN)
Sewerage Services Department (JPP)
SIRIM QAS International Sdn. Bhd.
IKRAM QA Services Sdn. Bhd.
Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3 iv

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION
Members of Technical Working Group on Technical Specification for Sewage

Treatment Systems, Part 1: Prefabricated Tanks - Packaged Plants:
Mr. Ahmad Rozian bin Othman JPP/SPAN

Ms. Jamaiatul-Lailah binti Mohd. Jais SPAN
Mr. Iwan Nazri bin Mohd. Nordin SPAN
Mr. Mohd. Roslee bin Mahyudin SPAN
Mr. Bazlan bin Mohd Noor SPAN
Mr. Abd Ghani bin Mat Daud SPAN
Ms. Sumaiyah binti Hassan Basri JPP
Ir. Abd. Rashid bin Abd. Rahman IWK
Ir. Khor Bee Chin IWK
Ms. Ho Yoke Ping IWK
Mr. Ruzaini Ahmad Jani IWK
Ms. Sim Lee Gaik IWK
Ms. Sitti Ratna binti Che Soh IWK
Mr. Hamim bin Imam Mustamin SIRIM QAS International Sdn. Bhd.
Ms. Wan Norisah binti Wan Awang SIRIM QAS International Sdn. Bhd.
Mr. Azmi bin Musa SIRIM QAS International Sdn. Bhd.
Mr. Waheedir Yahaya SIRIM QAS International Sdn. Bhd.
Engr. Hj Yahya Ariffin IKRAM QA Services Sdn. Bhd.
Ms. Zaiton Abd Rahman IKRAM QA Services Sdn. Bhd.
Mr. Nasrul Najaha IKRAM QA Services Sdn. Bhd.
Ir. Cho Hock Tin AECCOM
Ir. Norman Wong AECCOM
v Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
          
1 Scope .................................................................................................................. 1
2 Terms and definitions .......................................................................................... 1
3 General requirements .......................................................................................... 3
3.1 Packaged and site assembled components of packaged plant .................. 3
3.2 Arrangement of unit process tank .............................................................. 4
3.3 Flow splitting and distribution ..................................................................... 4
3.4 Manufacture’s guidelines ........................................................................... 4
3.5 Code and model ......................................................................................... 5
4 Operational requirements .................................................................................... 5
4.1 Process ...................................................................................................... 5
4.2 Hydraulic .................................................................................................... 6
4.3 Civil and structure ...................................................................................... 6
4.3.1 General............................................................................................ 6
4.3.2 Design basis .................................................................................... 7
4.3.3 Foundation work .............................................................................. 7
4.3.4 Backfill material ............................................................................... 7
4.3.5 Retaining wall .................................................................................. 8
4.3.6 Prefabricated tanks.......................................................................... 8
4.3.7 Anchorage ....................................................................................... 8
5 Performance criteria ............................................................................................ 8
5.1 Effluent weir ............................................................................................... 8
5.2 Sludge treatment ........................................................................................ 8
5.3 Piping system ............................................................................................. 9
5.3.1 General............................................................................................ 9
5.3.2 Inlet and outlet pipe ....................................................................... 10
5.3.3 Air pipe .......................................................................................... 10
5.3.4 Sludge transfer pipe ...................................................................... 11
5.3.5 Effluent pipe .................................................................................. 11
5.4 Pumping system....................................................................................... 11
5.4.1 Pump ............................................................................................. 11
5.4.2 Duck foot, transfer pipe and guide rail ........................................... 11
5.5 Diffuser ..................................................................................................... 12
Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3 vi

5.6 Valve ........................................................................................................ 12
5.7 Inspection opening and cover .................................................................. 12
5.8 Flow splitting and distribution chamber .................................................... 12
5.9 Lifting device ............................................................................................ 13
5.10 Control and instrumentation ..................................................................... 13
6 Delivery and installation..................................................................................... 13
7 Treatment efficiency testing ............................................................................... 13
7.1 General .................................................................................................... 13
7.2 Conditioning of test specimen .................................................................. 14
7.3 Sampling requirement .............................................................................. 14
7.4 Test record ............................................................................................... 14
Figure 3.1 Scope of biological treatment system for packaged plant 3

Figure 3.2 Typical concepts of flow splitting and distribution 4
Figure 5.2 Typical pipe support and bracket 9
Table 3.1 Range of model for packaged plants 5

Table 7.1 Core parameters for treatment efficiency testing 15
ii
vii Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
1 Scope
Part 2 of this Technical Specification specifies the construction and installation
requirements for packaged sewage treatment plant (hereafter called packaged plant)
consisting prefabricated tanks made of glass fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) or
polyethylene (PE) to serve between 150 and 5000 population equivalents that are in
compliance with Part 1 of the Technical Specification.
The specification covers operational requirements and performance criteria that deal
with features such as functional design and material as means of compliance with
overall requirements of the packaged plant. The focus is on operational systems of
the plant comprising piping, aeration, pumping, control and other ancillaries. The
specification also includes treatment efficiency testing to ascertain if the plant
achieve the effective and reliable operational performance under normal operating
conditions throughout its serviceable life span.
The specification excludes the design of treatment process, mechanical and

electrical components and control and instrumentation needs. All these components
shall be designed to the best engineering practice in compliance with the Guidelines
and standards recognised by the Commission, by-laws, regulations and other
regulatory agencies’ requirements relevant to the aspects.
2 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this Specification, the terms and definitions given in MS 1228,
EN 1085:2007 and the following apply:
2.1 anchorage
device/technique for holding the tank in the ground against hydrostatic uplift pressure
2.2 assembly
component or equipment that can be removed and replaced as a whole
Note. Example of an assembly is a pump, an air blower, a diffuser etc

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
2.3 desludging
removal of accumulated sludge from sludge holding tank
2.4 equipment
any component which is installed in, mounted on, attached to, or operated on
structures in the performance of their intended function
2.5 laboratory
an organisation accredited under Skim Akreditasi Makmal Malaysia (SAMM) by
Department of Standards Malaysia as testing and calibration laboratories
2.6 operational performance

functions that a system has to perform in order to operate as defined
2.7 packaged plant

prefabricated factory-built tanks and components of sewage treatment installation
assembled off site by one manufacturer, which accepts sewage and treats it to a
declared quality
2.8 performance criteria

qualitative or quantitative description of the operational performance
2.9 serviceable life span

period of time in which under normal conditions and with routine maintenance, the
packaged plant perform satisfactorily without failure
Note. Serviceable life span is different from both the warranty time and average service life of use, as used for
cost efficiency calculations
2.10 structure
any construction and its components built for the accommodation of equipment
2.11 testing agency

an organisation accredited as a third party quality management certification body or
an accreditation body recognised by Department of Standards Malaysia.

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
2.12 unit process

any structure including any related equipment which is used as a process stage and
which can be isolated from other parallel, upstream or downstream structures
Note. Examples for a unit are a screen chamber, an aeration tank, a clarifier, a sludge holding tank
3 General requirements
3.1 Packaged and site assembled components of packaged plant
Biological treatment system in which the scope is from inlet pipe of first prefabricated
tank or chamber to outlet pipe of final prefabricated tank or chamber as shown in
Figure 3.1 shall be packaged in terms of treatment process with the dimensions of
each prefabricated tank fixed.
WAS
SHT1
Inlet RAS
MLSS
Works
DC CL
AT1 AET1
1
BT
AT2 AET2 CL
2 Outlet
Works
Blower MLSS
House RAS
SHT2
WAS
Legend:
Scope SHT Sludge holding tank CL Clarifier
BT Balancing tank AET Aeration tank RAS Return activated sludge

DC Distribution chamber AT Anoxic tank WAS Waste activated sludge
MLSS Mixed liquor suspended solids
Note: This layout is an indicative view of a typical packaged plant arrangement for reference purposes
Figure 3.1 Scope of biological treatment system for packaged plant
Site conditions for the installation must be taken into consideration for the layout and
arrangement of site assembled components of packaged plants such as tanks and
systems of piping, pumping, aeration, air lift and air blower together with the size,
type and number of mechanical equipment, electrical, control and instrumentation
equipped in the treatment system.

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
3.2 Arrangement of unit process tank

Provided that it is proven in both process and hydraulic design, the prefabricated
tanks arranged in series to meet the loading requirements of one unit process tank
can be considered as one tank.
3.3 Flow splitting and distribution

When the process line in packaged plants involves splitting the flow to multiple lines
or parallel units, the incoming flow shall be distributed by an adjustable distribution
device (e.g. valve, gate, stop-log) that can also be used to isolate each treatment
unit. This device shall provide the required flow distribution over the range of flow
rates considered. The concept is as typically shown in Figure 3.2.
CL CL
CL AET1
1 3
1
AET
CL CL
CL AET2
2 4
2
Stop
log
Stop
log
Figure 3.2 Typical concepts of flow splitting and distribution
3.4 Manufacture’s guidelines

The supplier or manufacturer shall provide with each installation of packaged plant
with endorsement of a Professional Engineer:
a. A clear and comprehensive operation and maintenance instructions including
declaration for desludging frequency;
b. A manufacture’s guidelines which give details on installation instructions showing
the recommended relationship between levels in the tank, groundwater levels
surrounding the tank, and anchorage requirements.

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
3.5 Code and model

Coding requirements to name the model of packaged plant as a product shall follow
the sequence code of identification with maximum characters as shown below.
AAA/BBB/1234/CCC Example: XXS/HKA/3000/CAS
whereby; AAA - Name of company

BBB - Brand / Model
1234 - Actual population equivalent of package plants
CCC - Type of treatment process
The model shall be limited to the range of population equivalents with minimum
intervals as Table 3.1.
Table 3.1 Range of model for packaged plants

Model Range Interval
150 P.E ~ 1000 P.E 50
1001 P.E ~ 5000 P.E 100
4 Operational requirements
4.1 Process
The packaged plants shall demonstrate compliance with sewage treatment efficiency
performances in accordance with Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guideline (MSIG)
and Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations 2009, Environmental Quality Act,
1974. It shall also be capable:
a. to encourage and provide sufficient amount of mixed liquor suspended growth
(MLSS) in the treatment system;
b. to provide minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 2 mg/l to prevent oxygen
diffusion limitation from hindering substrate removal by the microorganism;
c. to provide sufficient mixing to keep the sludge in suspension without causing any
settlement of sludge in any part of the unit process tanks which require mixing;

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
d. to provide good quality of sludge with normal settling characteristics indicated by

sludge volume index (SVI30) and sludge settled volume (SSV30) of the respective
treatment system adopted;
e. to avoid likelihood of blockage in sewage and sludge transfer system within the
boundary of packaged plants during its serviceable life span.
4.2 Hydraulic
The hydraulics of equipment and interconnecting pipes shall ensure no back-flow,
blockage or surcharging occur during normal operation. The hydraulic of the
packaged plants shall allow entry of sewage with minimum of disturbance to surface
layers by maintaining consistent hydraulic flow and pattern throughout the treatment
system without causing any increment in surface loading and velocity.
The distance between the top water level and the top of interconnecting pipe shall
not exceed 150 mm.
Any pipe carrying sludge must be designed and installed to allow for self cleansing
and preventing sludge settlement inside the pipe.
4.3 Civil and structure

4.3.1 General
Civil and structural components of the packaged plants shall be designed by a
Professional Engineer. The design shall be based on appropriate design
methodologies and relevant standards. The structures and constructions of
packaged plants shall be:
a. stable, able to bear and resist all loads and stresses resulting from installation,
construction, handling and use, including operation and maintenance throughout
the serviceable life span. These shall take into account of water pressures, static
and dynamic forces being induced by equipment and desludging;
b. able to prevent likelihood of damage from superimposed loads or normal ground
movement;
c. resistant against corrosion, chemical and biological attack from sewage, sludge,
air and gas components and against temperature changes as appropriate;

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
d. durable, watertight and able to retain structural integrity including alignment,

orientation, levelling and function properly with normal maintenance over their
serviceable life span of minimum 50 years.
4.3.2 Design basis

Packaged plants and their foundation shall be designed to achieve the required
serviceable life span and long term structural integrity and shall meet the worst-case
conditions not limiting to:
a. when the prefabricated tanks are fully emptied;
b. during high groundwater conditions; and
c. traffic loading due to close proximity of vehicle to the tank.
The structural design of packaged plants shall consider all factors that can affect
particularly the strength and integrity of prefabricated tanks such as soil conditions
and area of installation to ensure the entire structure of tanks and its associated
components are integrally sound.
4.3.3 Foundation work
Foundation works for the installation of major and auxiliary components for packaged
plants shall be designed and constructed so that components such as inspection
chambers shall be secured to avoid disruption to the operation and maintenance
works and process of the system. The foundation shall be able to prevent the
possibility of sludge settlement, differential settlement between structures on top of
between structures and equipment such as pipeline.
4.3.4 Backfill material
The backfill material for packaged plants shall be of particle size and grading that
allows the specified relative compaction to be achieved with the intended compaction
methods. The material shall not contain organic material which will affect backfill
material performance and free of materials that are physically and chemically
harmful to prefabricated tanks. The support and overlay material shall be placed in
layers of appropriate thickness for the method of compaction used to achieve the
relative compaction or soil modulus.

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
4.3.5 Retaining wall

The retaining wall shall be designed and checked by taking into account all possible
factors involved contributing to the lateral earth pressure. The wall components shall
also be capable of meeting serviceability requirements at site condition.
4.3.6 Prefabricated tanks

The construction and installation of prefabricated tanks shall resist hydrostatic uplift
pressures i.e. uplift loads from groundwater and be protected against floatation in
areas of high water table level or when the tank is emptied. The bottom of an
excavation for prefabricated tanks shall provide a uniform base to support the tanks
in a level position.
4.3.7 Anchorage
A corrosion-resistant means of anchorage system consisting straps, cables,
turnbuckles and anchor hooks shall have strength of at least 1.5 times of maximum
uplift force of an empty prefabricated tank without backfill in place.
5 Performance criteria
5.1 Effluent weir
The weir in sedimentation tank shall be accessible from top for manual cleaning
without causing obstruction and not posing any health and safety issues. The weirs
shall always be levelled for even distribution of flow. Slots in the weir shall be
provided to allow for level adjustment during the installation stage. Flow through over
the weir shall be calculated based on the actual type of weir used.
5.2 Sludge treatment

The amount of wasted sludge, Qwaste shall be used to size the sludge holding tank.
The amount of wasted sludge in mass shall be balanced with sludge accumulation
rate in reference to computed sludge age.

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
An adequate air mixing mechanism and air supply shall be provided in the sludge
holding tank to ensure sewage content is sufficiently mixed to keep it in suspension,
without causing any hardened sludge settled at the bottom of the tank during
desludging periods of 30 days.
The sludge treatment by aerobic or anaerobic digester shall not be allowed as it

require intensive health, safety and control system requirements, that is not suitable
for operation and maintenance of plants within the serving population equivalent.
5.3 Piping system

5.3.1 General
The piping system for packaged plants shall comply with following criteria:
a. The arrangement of piping system and interconnection pipes in prefabricated
tanks shall not obstruct maintenance work of the equipment in the tanks;
b. All the buried piping shall be properly bedded and supported with the selected
compacted fill material;
c. All the above ground piping shall have a minimum distance of 75 mm from the
ground level. It shall be provided with a proper pipe support and bracket. The
bracket shall be made of or be coated with corrosion-resistance material. The
typical pipe support and bracket is shown in Figure 5.1;
PIPE
HOT DIPPED GALVANISED PIPE
BRACKET AT AN INTERVAL OF
2000mm C/C (MAX.)
75 10mmØ (MIN.) HOT DIP

GALVANISED BOLTS AND NUTS
(MIN.)
CONCRETE
SLAB
(MIN.)
(MIN.)
50
GL GL
75
(MIN.)
50
SAND BEDDING
NOTES :-
1. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILIMETERS UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED.
Figure 5.1 Typical pipe support and bracket

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
d. The arrangement of the above ground piping shall minimise obstruction and
manoeuvrability;
e. Any on-site installation or assemblies of pipe support that is attached to the
prefabricated tank shall not be allowed;
f. No bending shall be allowed at any sewage distribution pipe excluding the force
main piping. Instead, a chamber shall be provided to cater for any change of
direction in sewage flow.
5.3.2 Inlet and outlet pipe

On-site drilling of all openings or holes for pipe connections at the prefabricated
tanks is not allowed. All jointing and pipe holes connection shall be factory fabricated
and moulded.
5.3.3 Air pipe
Air pipes consisting of air distribution pipes from blower, header pipes, drop leg/down
pipes and other pipes to convey air for aeration, mixing or air lift purposes shall be:
a. able to withstand maximum air temperatures generated by the blower and
pressures of 25% more than the design pressure of the blower;
b. painted in green with air flow direction is painted in white at maximum interval of
3 m;
c. above ground for the air distribution pipes from the blower to the unit processes;
d. properly bracketed with corrosion-resistance U-bolt or other means of bracketing
the down pipes to limit the movement of diffusers and to withstand the buoyancy
effect.
e. designed to provide even and adequate air distribution to all relevant unit
processes;
f. provided with instruments such as pressure gauge for the pipes conveying air for
mixing and air lift purposes;
g. points to allow calibration shall be provided for the fixed instrument;
h. points to allow measurement using portable instrument shall be provided such as
for air flow measurement.
10

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
5.3.4 Sludge transfer pipe

All jointing to connect the sludge transfer pipes shall be double flange with corrosion-
resistance bolts and nuts. No thread union or coupling shall be allowed in any
jointing part of the pipes.
5.3.5 Effluent pipe

The effluent discharge piping system that passes through or by-passes the
disinfection treatment facility shall be designed so as not to cause any nuisance. The
invert level of effluent pipe shall be at a minimum of 300 mm from the top water level
of receiving watercourse.
5.4 Pumping system

5.4.1 Pump
Minimum control mechanism for the pumps installed within packaged plants shall be:
a. automatic by float switch for sewage transfer pump;
b. automatic by timer and interlock with solenoid valve for return and waste sludge
pump in sedimentation tank;
c. manual by push button for sludge transfer pump to remove sludge from sludge
holding tank.
In event non-submersible pumps are used, sufficient cover for weather protection
shall be provided.
5.4.2 Duck foot, transfer pipe and guide rail
All pumps shall be completely installed with duck foot, guide rail and lifting chain
complying with the following requirements:
a. Duck foot shall be installed and assembled in the factory. On-site installation or
assemblies is not allowed except for connection of transfer pipe and guide rail;
b. The guide rail shall be properly bracketed with U-bolt or other means of bracket
to secure the movement of the pump;
c. All fasteners of the duck foot shall be watertight;
d. Guide rail, lifting chain and U-bolt bracket shall be made of non-corrosive
material.
11

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
5.5 Diffuser
All diffusers shall be supported from the tank base and shall not be bolted to the
bottom of the tank. The diffusers shall be removable and easy to re-install onto the
diffuser support.
The support for diffusers shall be made of non-corrosive material and shall be
designed to suit the application. The support shall be capable to prevent buoyancy of
the diffuser.
5.6 Valve
All valves shall be accessible and not obstructed for maintenance work. The valves
of 100 mm diameter and above shall be installed in the inspection chamber.
Selection of materials to be used in the construction of body and seal of the valves
shall be in accordance with the application in order to optimize functional reliability,
fluid compatibility, serviceable life and cost.
5.7 Inspection opening and cover

The design and arrangement of inspection cover in reference to the inspection
openings shall be consistent with operational requirements of packaged plants.
5.8 Flow splitting and distribution chamber

Design and construction of flow splitting and distribution chamber shall prevent any
sedimentation. The adjustable features shall be provided within flow distribution
chamber and shall be constructed using one of the following material:
a. Reinforced concrete with a minimum of Grade C30;
b. FRP with minimum thickness as declared by the manufacturer in compliance with
TS 1401:2010 (A1:2013);
c. Steel plate coated with corrosion resistance coating such as hot dipped
galvanised or high build tar epoxy;
d. Stainless steel of minimum Grade 304;
e. Other material that is approved by the Commission to be used for this purpose.
12

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
5.9 Lifting device

Lifting device shall be installed to avoid direct loading to the structure of tanks.
Where fixed lifting device is provided, it shall be supported by the spread footing to
ensure even distribution of loads exerted by the weight of the devices.
5.10 Control and instrumentation

Necessary measuring and control equipment shall be specified taking into account
the installation conditions. This applies to its location within the packaged plants,
layout and size of structures in compliance with Malaysian Sewerage Industry
Guidelines (MSIG) Volume IV.
6 Delivery and installation

Manufacturer/supplier shall properly plan delivery route so as not to cause any
damage to road facilities and harm to road users.
Packaged plants shall be installed and constructed under the supervision of a

Professional Engineer and in accordance to detailed plans approved by the
Commission. An inventory list of every item to be installed shall be provided and to
be checked against the approved construction drawings. The list shall be endorsed
by the Professional Engineer.
No fabrication or moulding of any part of the prefabricated tanks shall be allowed at

the site. These parts shall be factory fabricated and moulded.
7 Treatment efficiency testing

7.1 General
The treatment efficiency testing shall be mandatory for packaged plants with
reference to 7.3. At least a minimum of three (3) assessments on different days shall
be conducted for packaged plant that had been installed for more than two (2) years.
13

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
All data and samples collected for this testing shall be verified by operator of the
plant. Table 7.1 sets out core parameters that shall be monitored in the plant.
The manufacturer or supplier shall submit the test reports to the Commission on a
yearly basis containing at least the information specified below:
a. Information on the conformity of plants tested with the information provided prior
to testing;
b. Data obtained during testing with analysis on the efficiency ratios of the loading
parameters;
c. Information on all maintenance and repairs carried out during the test period,
including details of desludging frequency, quantity and the volume removed;
d. Information on any problems, physical or environmental occurring during the test
period. Deviations from the manufacturer’s maintenance instructions shall be
reported in this section;
e. Information detailing any physical deterioration of the plants that has occurred
during the testing;
f. Information concerning deviations from the test procedure.
7.2 Conditioning of test specimen

Conditioning of the test specimens is not required unless otherwise specified by the
test method. The tests are to be conducted at ambient conditions without any special
controls on temperature or relative humidity unless otherwise specified by the test
method. All tests and samplings for the testing shall be conducted by a laboratory
accredited to ISO/IEC 17025.
7.3 Sampling requirement

The quantity of packaged plants to be tested shall be 5% from the total installed units
of more than two (2) years. If the total installed units are less than 50 units, a
minimum three (3) installed units shall be tested.
7.4 Test record

For each test specimen, the report shall record, not limiting to the following data:
a. Identification of person and organisation carrying out the test.
14

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
b. Identification of the sample tested.

c. Date of test.
d. The test result.
e. Reference to the test method.
15

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
Table 7.1 Core parameters for treatment efficiency testing

Date/ Time
Weather condition
Condition of plants
Status of mechanical equipment
Current hydraulic daily flow
Average
Peak
Influent characteristics
- BOD5
- COD
- TSS
- Oil and grease
- pH
- Temperature
- Total nitrogen
Aeration tank characteristics
- MLSS
- Dissolved oxygen
- Sludge settlement
- pH
- Temperature
Clarifier characteristics
- Sludge blanket
Return sludge characteristics
- TSS
- Recirculation ratio (QRAS/QINFLOW)
16

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
Table 7.1 Core parameters for treatment efficiency testing (cont.)

Effluent characteristics
- BOD5
- COD
- TSS
- Oil and grease
- pH
- Nitrate nitrogen
Note: Testing methods shall be in accordance with:

st
a) The 21 edition of “Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater”, published
jointly by the American Public Health Association, the American Water Works Association and the
Water Environment Federation of the United States of America; or’
b) “Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 40, Subchapter D, part 136” published by the Office of the
Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, United States of America.
17

SPAN TS 1402:2010 (A1:2013)
Bibliography
[1] Water Services Industry Act 2006 (Act 655)

rd
[2] Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guidelines, Volume IV, Sewage Treatment Plants – 3 Edition
[3] AS/NZS 1546.2 On-site domestic wastewater treatment units Part 3: Aerated wastewater
treatment systems
[4] BS EN 12566-3 Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PT – Part 3: Packaged and/ or
site assembled domestic wastewater treatment plants
[5] ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
[6] ISO/IEC GUIDE 7Guidelines for drafting of standards suitable for use for conformity assessment
18

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Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.

SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM

Technical Standards and Compliance Division

National Water Services Commission and Registered Certifying Agencies employees

Changes may be made periodically to the information herein.

Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara

iv Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3

Members of System, Product, Material and Research & Development Committee of

Y. Bhg. Dato’ Ir. Syed Muhammad Shahbudin (Chairman) SPAN

Members of Technical Working Group on Technical Specification for Sewage

Mr. Ahmad Rozian bin Othman JPP/SPAN

Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3 vii

3 Terms and definitions 2

viii Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3

6 Marking and labelling 20

7 Code and model 22

Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3 ix

8.9 Lifting device 29

9 Delivery and installation 30

x Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3

5.1 Scope of biological treatment system for packaged plants 6

5.1 Minimum serviceable life span for packaged plant components 7

Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3 xi

This Specification enumerates operational performance requirements, performance

This Specification applies to packaged plants where all prefabricated components

1 Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3

3 Terms and definitions

3.4 extension shaft

Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3 2

3.8 inspection opening

3.9 initial type test

3.12 lateral load

3.13 operational performance

3 Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3

3.14 packaged plant

3.15 partition wall

3.16 performance criteria

3.17 production batch

3.20 serviceable life span

Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3 4

3.22 unit process

4.1 Nominal designation

4.2 Operation and maintenance instruction

The requirements in this Specification shall be in addition to those specified in

5 Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3

Calculations, engineering design and drawings for prefabricated tanks and

5.3 Packaged and site assembled components of packaged plants

Figure 5.1 Scope of biological treatment system for packaged plants

Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3 6

5.4 Serviceable life span

Component Standards Serviceable life span

5.5.1 Arrangement of tank

5.5.2 Flow splitting and distribution

7 Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3

Figure 5.2 Typical concepts of flow splitting and distribution

5.6 Operational performance

a. to encourage and provide sufficient amount of mixed liquor suspended growth

Sarawak Urban Sewerage Systems | Guidelines No.3 8

d. to provide good quality of sludge with normal settling characteristics indicated by

5.6.3 Civil and structure