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The document discusses methods for estimating the properties of composite materials, known as the rule of mixtures. It describes how the density, coefficient of thermal expansion, modulus of elasticity, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, and tensile strength of a composite can be estimated based on the properties and volume fractions of the composite's constituent materials. The rule of mixtures assumes the composite property is the volume-weighted average of the matrix and dispersed phase properties. It provides formulas for calculating each property based on this approach.

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98 views

WWW - Substech.com Dokuwiki Doku - PHP Id Estimations of Com PDF

The document discusses methods for estimating the properties of composite materials, known as the rule of mixtures. It describes how the density, coefficient of thermal expansion, modulus of elasticity, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, and tensile strength of a composite can be estimated based on the properties and volume fractions of the composite's constituent materials. The rule of mixtures assumes the composite property is the volume-weighted average of the matrix and dispersed phase properties. It provides formulas for calculating each property based on this approach.

Uploaded by

rahul srivastava
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Estimations of composite materials properties [SubsTech] Page 1 of 4

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Estimations of composite materials properties


Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich

Composite materials may be either isotropic or anisotropic, which is determined by the Structure of
composites.

Isotropic material is a material, properties of which do not depend on a direction of measuring.

Anisotropic material is a material, properties of which along a particular axis or parallel to a particular plane
are different from the properties measured along other directions.

Rule of Mixtures

Rule of Mixtures is a method of approach to approximate estimation of composite material properties,


based on an assumption that a composite property is the volume weighed average of the phases (matrix and
dispersed phase) properties.

According to Rule of Mixtures properties of composite materials are estimated as follows:

■ Density
■ Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
■ Modulus of Elasticity
■ Shear modulus
■ Poisson's ratio
■ Tensile strength

Density

dc = dm*Vm + df*Vf

Where

dc,dm,df – densities of the composite, matrix and dispersed phase respectively;

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Estimations of composite materials properties [SubsTech] Page 2 of 4

Vm,Vf – volume fraction of the matrix and dispersed phase respectively.

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Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

■ Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) in longitudinal direction (along the fibers)

αcl = (αm*Em*Vm + αf*Ef*Vf)/(m*Vm + Ef*Vf)

Where

αcl, αm, αf – CTE of composite in longitudinal direction, matrix and dispersed phase (fiber) respectively;

Em,Ef – modulus of elasticity of matrix and dispersed phase (fiber) respectively.

■ Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) in transverse direction (perpendicular to the fibers)

αct = (1+µm) αm *Vm + αf* Vf

Where

µm – Poisson’s ratio of matrix.

Poisson’s ratio is the ratio of transverse contraction strain to longitudinal extension strain in the direction of
applied force.

Modulus of Elasticity

Long align fibers

■ Modulus of Elasticity in longitudinal direction (Ecl)

Ecl = Em*Vm + Ef*Vf

■ Modulus of Elasticity in transverse direction (Ect)

1/Ect = Vm/Em + Vf/Ef

Short fibers

Ecl = η0ηLVf Ef + VmEm

ηL = 1 - 2/βL*tanh(βL /2)
β = [8 Gm/(EfD²ln(2R/D))]½

where:

Ef – modulus of elasticity of fiber material;


Em – modulus of elasticity of matrix material;
Gm - shear modulus of matrix material;
ηL – length correction factor;
L – fibers length;
D – fibers diameter;
2R – distance between fibers;
η0 - fiber orientation distribution factor.
η0 = 0.0 align fibers in transverse direction
η0 = 1/5 random orientation in any direction (3D)
η0 = 3/8 random orientation in plane (2D)
η0 = 1/2 biaxial parallel to the fibers
η0 = 1.0 unidirectional parallel to the fibers

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Estimations of composite materials properties [SubsTech] Page 3 of 4

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Shear modulus

Gct = Gf Gm/(Vf Gm + VmGf)

Where:

Gf – shear modulus of elasticity of fiber material;


Gm – shear modulus of elasticity of matrix material;

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Poisson's ratio

µ12 = vf µf + Vmµm

Where:

µf – Poisson’s ratio of fiber material;


µm – Poisson’s ratio of matrix material;

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Tensile Strength

■ Tensile strength of long-fiber reinforced composite in longitudinal direction

σc = σm*Vm + σf*Vf

Where

σc, σm, σf – tensile strength of the composite, matrix and dispersed phase (fiber) respectively.

■ Tensile strength of short-fiber composite in longitudinal direction

(fiber length is less than critical value Lc)

Lc = σf*d/τc

Where

d – diameter of the fiber;

τc –shear strength of the bond between the matrix and dispersed phase (fiber).

σc = σm*Vm + σf*Vf*(1 – Lc/2L)

Where

L – length of the fiber

■ Tensile strength of short-fiber composite in longitudinal direction

(fiber length is greater than critical value Lc)

σc = σm*Vm + L* τc*Vf/d

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Estimations of composite materials properties [SubsTech] Page 4 of 4

Related internal links

■ Classification of composites
■ Structure of composites
■ Metal Matrix Composites
■ Ceramic Matrix Composites
■ Polymer Matrix Composites
■ Tribological properties of alumina reinforced composites

Related external links

http://www.virginia.edu/bohr/mse209/chapter17.htm [http://www.virginia.edu/bohr/mse209/chapter17.htm]
http://www.engineer.tamuk.edu/departments/meen/Upward_Bound/presentations/Presentation.ppt
[http://www.engineer.tamuk.edu/departments/meen/Upward_Bound/presentations/Presentation.ppt]
http://webpages.charter.net/ericbeaton/powerpt/Chapter_16.pdf
[http://webpages.charter.net/ericbeaton/powerpt/Chapter_16.pdf]
http://www.tech.plym.ac.uk/sme/MATS324/MATS324B%20powerpoint/laminate%20thickness%20and%
20Vf.ppt [http://www.tech.plym.ac.uk/sme/MATS324/MATS324B%20powerpoint/laminate%20thickness%20and%
20Vf.ppt]
http://www.eng.wayne.edu/legacy/forms/10/ME5720Chap3Handouts1.pdf
[http://www.eng.wayne.edu/legacy/forms/10/ME5720Chap3Handouts1.pdf]
http://www.eng.uwo.ca/es021/ES021a_2006/Lecture%20Notes/Chap%2016%20-%20Composites.pdf
[http://www.eng.uwo.ca/es021/ES021a_2006/Lecture%20Notes/Chap%2016%20-%20Composites.pdf]
www.materialsknowledge.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=152
[http://www.materialsknowledge.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=152]

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estimations_of_composite_materials_properties.txt · Last modified: 2012/06/02 by dmitri_kopeliovich

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