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Tutorial 2

1. The stream is expected to have bed dunes or a high-regime plane bed based on the Shields criterion. Sediment motion is expected as the threshold shear stress is exceeded. 2. Given the channel parameters, the calculated flow depth is 3.55m, resulting in an applied shear stress of 31.34 N/m2. This exceeds the critical shear stress of 2.2 N/m2, so the bed sediment will be subjected to motion. 3. For the given channel with a bed slope of 1x10^-4, the maximum discharge without sediment motion is calculated to be 1.89 m2/s based on the critical shear stress from Shields curve of

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195 views11 pages

Tutorial 2

1. The stream is expected to have bed dunes or a high-regime plane bed based on the Shields criterion. Sediment motion is expected as the threshold shear stress is exceeded. 2. Given the channel parameters, the calculated flow depth is 3.55m, resulting in an applied shear stress of 31.34 N/m2. This exceeds the critical shear stress of 2.2 N/m2, so the bed sediment will be subjected to motion. 3. For the given channel with a bed slope of 1x10^-4, the maximum discharge without sediment motion is calculated to be 1.89 m2/s based on the critical shear stress from Shields curve of

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zelalemniguse
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Tutorial on Sediment Transport

Mechanics
1,Examine the stability of the bed material (𝜌s =2650
kg/m3, mean diameter=1 mm) of a wide stream having a
slope of 10-3 and carrying a flow at a depth of 0.3 m. And
What type(s) of transport and bed form, if any, do you
expect in this stream?
Solution
Threshold condition: Shields criterion Wide
channel⇒R≈y0=0.3m
By constructing a d (=1 mm) line on Shields diagram we
obtain or τc=0.035×𝜌g×1.65×d

Available boundary shear stress 𝜏=𝜌gRS=2.943 N∕m2


Thus, minimum d for stability=5.2 mm>1 mm. Hence the
bed material is not stable.
And available𝜏∕𝜌gΔd=U2∗∕gΔd=RS∕(1.65×0.001)=0.181, and
from Shields diagram this relates to bed dunes to high
regime plane bed transition
2. Considering a natural stream with a bed slope I= 0.0009 and
median grain size d50 = 3mm, the flow per unit width is 12m2/s
and the water temperature is 20oc. Will the channel bed
sediment be subjected to sediment motion according to the
shields curve?
Solution
From shields curve
Using d50 = 3mm = 3*103µm,
the critical bed shear stress,  b,cr = 2.2N/m2
The applied bed shear stress,  b also calculated by
 b = ghI
First Let’s Calculate h=?
−
From q = u h = ch1.5 I 0.5
Since d50 = 3mm> 2mm,Lets assume the flow is hydraulically
rough regime,then the chezy coefficient   12 h
C = 18 log  
 ks 
 Ks=6.8d50
 Ks=6.8 *3*10-3 = 0.02m
 12 h  1.5 0.5
q = Ch1.5 I 0.5 ⎯
⎯→ q = 18 log   * h I
 ks 

 12h  1.5
12 = 18 log  * h (0.0009)
0.5

 0.02 
log(600h) * h1.5 = 22.222

Solving h by Iteration h=3.55m


➢ The applied bed shear stress
 b = ghI = 1000 * 9.81 * 3.55 * 0.0009 = 31.34 N/m2
• Since  b = 31.34N/m2   b ,cr = 2.2 N/m2 then the
channel bed sediment is subjected to sediment motion.
3. A wide open channel with a plane sloping bed has a bed
surface slope I=1*10-4. The bed material characteristics are
d50=3mm and d90=6mm.Other data are ρ=1000kg/m3,
ρs=2650kg/m3, v=1*10-6m2/s. What is the maximum discharge
(per unit width) without movement of bed material?
Solution
 For no movement of bed material :
The applied shear bed stress,  b  Critical shear bed

stress, b,cr
−

From shields curve,


Using d50 = 3mm = 3*103µm,
the critical bed shear stress,  b,cr = 2.2N/m2
 b = ghI =  b ,cr
2.2 = 1000 * 9.81 * h * 1 * 10 −4 , h = 2.24m
q = Ch1.5 I 0.5
 Since d50 = 3mm> 2mm,Lets assume the flow is hydraulically
rough regime, then the chezy coefficient
 12 h 
C = 18 log  
 ks 
 Ks=6.8d50 =6.8*0.003=0.02
 12 * 2.24  m 0 .5
C = 18 log  = 56.3
 0.02  s
− 4 0.5 m2
q = Ch I 1.5 0.5
= 56.3 * (2.24) 1.5
* (1 * 10 ) = 1.89
s
m2
❖ There fore, the maximum discharge per unit width is 1.89
s
4. A trapezoidal channel has water depth (in middle) of h=2m,
bottom width b=15m and side slope 1 to 2 ( ϒ=27o).The
bottom is covered with rounded stones d50=0.05m,
ks=0.05m.What are the maximum bottom slope and the
maximum discharge to obtain stable bed ( use shields)?
Solution
From shields curve,
Using d50 = 0.05m = 5*104µm,
the critical bed shear stress,  b,cr = 45N/m2
i) The maximum bottom slope ( I cr )
The middle part of the channel is stable if,
 b ( middle ) =  b ,cr but  b ,middle = ghI
ghI =  b ,cr
 b,cr 45
I= = = 2 *10 −3
gh 1000 * 9.81 * 2
 ii. Maximum discharge (Q ) cr

Qcr = AC (RI ) 0.5

 Cross sectional area, A = bh + mh 2 = 15 * 2 + 2 * 2 = 38m 2

 Wetted perimeter, P = b + 2h 1 + m 2 = 15 + 2 * 2 1 + 2 2 = 24m

Hydraulic radius, A 38
R= = = 1.6m
P 24

 Since d50 = 50mm> 2mm,the flow is hydraulically rough flow,


then the chezy coefficient
  12 h 
C = 18 log  
 ks 
 Assuming R  h for wide channel
 12 R 
C = 18 log 
 ks 
 12 * 1.6  m 0 .5
C = 18 log  = 46.52
 0.05  s

 Compute Qcr
−3 0.5
Qcr = AC ( RI ) 0.5
= 38 * 46.52(1.6 * 2 *10 ) = 99.995 m3
s
m3
Qcr = 100 s
Fi: Initiation of motion for a current over a plane bed, τc, cr = f (d) Shields (1936)
Thanks!!!

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