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Tungsten Trioxide WO3

Tungsten trioxide is a chemical compound containing oxygen and the transition metal tungsten. It occurs naturally and can be synthesized through various reactions. It has a variety of industrial and commercial uses.

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235 views3 pages

Tungsten Trioxide WO3

Tungsten trioxide is a chemical compound containing oxygen and the transition metal tungsten. It occurs naturally and can be synthesized through various reactions. It has a variety of industrial and commercial uses.

Uploaded by

Chengkc2014
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Tungsten trioxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 3

Tungsten trioxide
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tungsten(VI) oxide, also known as Tungsten trioxide


tungsten trioxide or tungstic
anhydride, WO3, is a chemical
compound containing oxygen and the
transition metal tungsten. It is obtained
as an intermediate in the recovery of
tungsten from its minerals.[1] Tungsten
ores are treated with alkalis to produce
WO3. Further reaction with carbon or
hydrogen gas reduces tungsten trioxide
to the pure metal.

2 WO3 + 3 C + heat → 2 W + 3
CO2
WO3 + 3 H2 + heat → W + 3 H2O

Tungsten(VI) oxide occurs naturally in


form of hydrates, which include
minerals: tungstite WO3·H2O,
meymacite WO3·2H2O and
hydrotungstite (of same composition as
meymacite, however sometimes written IUPAC name
as H2WO4). These minerals are rare to Tungsten trioxide
very rare secondary tungsten minerals. Other names
Tungstic anhydride
Tungsten(VI) oxide
Tungstic oxide
Contents Identifiers
CAS number 1314-35-8
■ 1 History RTECS YO7760000
■ 2 Preparation number
■ 3 Structure Properties
■ 4 Uses Molecular WO3
■ 5 References formula
■ 6 External links Molar mass 231.84 g/mol
Appearance Yellow powder
Density 7.16 g/cm3
History Melting
point 1473 °C
Tungsten has a rich history dating back
Boiling
to its discovery during the 18th century. point ~1700 °C
Peter Woulfe was the first to recognize
a new element in the naturally occurring Solubility in insoluble
mineral, wolframite. Tungsten was water
originally known as wolfram, Structure
explaining the choice of "W" for its Crystal Monoclinic, mP32, Space group P121/c1, No 14
structure

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Tungsten trioxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 2 of 3

elemental symbol. Swedish chemist Coordination Octahedral (WVI)


Carl Wilhelm Scheele contributed to its geometry Trigonal planar (O2– )
discovery as well with his studies on the Hazards
mineral scheelite.[1] MSDS External MSDS
(http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/WO3.htm)
In 1841, a chemist named Robert EU Index Not listed
Oxland gave the first procedures for Main Irritant
preparing tungsten trioxide and sodium hazards
tungstate.[2]. He was granted patents for Flash point Non-flammable
his work soon after, and is considered to Related compounds
be the founder of systematic tungsten Other anions Tungsten trisulfide
chemistry.[2] Other Chromium trioxide
cations Molybdenum trioxide
Related Tungsten(III) oxide
Preparation tungsten Tungsten(IV) oxide
oxides
Tungsten trioxide can be prepared in (what is this?) (verify) (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
several different ways. CaWO4, or title=Tungsten_trioxide&diff=cur&oldid=269756836)
scheelite, is allowed to react with HCl Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in
their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
to produce tungstic acid, which
decomposes to WO3 and water at high Infobox references
temperatures.[1]

CaWO4 + 2 HCl → CaCl2 + H2WO4


H2WO4 + heat → H2O + WO3

Another common way to synthesize WO3 is by calcination of ammonium paratungstate (APT) under
oxidizing conditions:[2]

(NH4)10[H2W12O42]•4H2O → 12 WO3 + 10 NH3 + 11 H2O

Structure
The crystal structure of tungsten trioxide is temperature dependent. It is tetragonal at temperatures
above 740 °C, orthorhombic from 330 to 740 °C, monoclinic from 17 to 330 °C, and triclinic from -
50 to 17 °C. The most common structure of WO3 is monoclinic with space group P21/n.[2]

Uses
Tungsten trioxide is used for many purposes in everyday life. It is frequently used in industry to
manufacture tungstates for x-ray screen phosphors, for fireproofing fabrics[3] and in gas sensors.[4]
Due to its rich yellow color, WO3 is also used as a pigment in ceramics and paints.[1]

In recent years, tungsten trioxide has been employed in the production of electrochromic windows,
or smart windows. These windows are electrically switchable glass that change light transmission
properties with an applied voltage.[5] This allows the user to tint their windows, changing the amount
of heat or light passing through. Another new use for tungsten is in Dense Inert Metal Explosives,
the first notable use of these devices was during the 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict.[6][7]

2010- AIST reports a quantum yield of 19 % in photocatalytic water splitting with a cesium
enhanced tungsten oxide photocatalyst[8].

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Tungsten trioxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 3 of 3

References
1. ^ a b c d Patnaik, Pradyot (2003). Handbook of Inorganic Chemical Compounds
(http://books.google.com/books?id=Xqj-TTzkvTEC) . McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0070494398.
http://books.google.com/books?id=Xqj-TTzkvTEC. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
2. ^ a b c d Lassner, Erik and Wolf-Dieter Schubert (1999). Tungsten: Properties, Chemistry, Technology of
the Element, Alloys, and Chemical Compounds. New York: Kluwer Academic. ISBN 0306450534.
3. ^ "Tungsten trioxide." The Merck Index Vol 14, 2006.
4. ^ David E Williams et al, "Modelling the response of a tungsten oxide semiconductor as a gas sensor for
the measurement of ozone", Meas. Sci. Technol. 13 923, doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/13/6/314
5. ^ Lee, W. J. (2000). "Effects of surface porosity on tungsten trioxide(WO3) films’ electrochromic
performance". Journal of Electronic Materials 29: 183. doi:10.1007/s11664-000-0139-8
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11664-000-0139-8) .
6. ^ Dense Inert Metal Explosive (DIME) (http://www.defense-update.com/products/d/dime.htm)
7. ^ US deserves blame for Gaza slaughter
(http://www.gulfnews.com/opinion/columns/region/10274628.html) , Linda S. Heard, January 12, 2009
8. ^ Development of a high-performance photocatalyst that is surface-treated with cesium
(http://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/latest_research/2010/20100517/20100517.html)

External links
■ International Tungsten Industry Association (http://www.itia.info)
■ Preparation of tungsten trioxide electrochromic films
(http://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/JM/article.asp?doi=jm9930300833)
■ Sigma Aldrich (supplier)
(http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/ALDRICH/204781)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten_trioxide"
Categories: Tungsten compounds | Transition metal oxides

■ This page was last modified on 17 August 2010 at 21:59.


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