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Allowed Cheat Sheet

Thermal expansion and resistance can be described using equations relating changes in temperature to changes in length, volume, and heat flow. Maxwell's distribution defines the probability of molecular speeds at a given temperature. The ideal gas law relates pressure, volume, amount and temperature of a gas. First law of thermodynamics equates internal energy change to heat and work. Adiabatic and isothermal processes can be modeled using pressure-volume relationships.

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Nguyễn Tương Quỳnh
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75 views2 pages

Allowed Cheat Sheet

Thermal expansion and resistance can be described using equations relating changes in temperature to changes in length, volume, and heat flow. Maxwell's distribution defines the probability of molecular speeds at a given temperature. The ideal gas law relates pressure, volume, amount and temperature of a gas. First law of thermodynamics equates internal energy change to heat and work. Adiabatic and isothermal processes can be modeled using pressure-volume relationships.

Uploaded by

Nguyễn Tương Quỳnh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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M 3/ 2 2 − M v /2 RT

Maxwell’s distribution: P ( v )=4 π ( ) v e (P=probability,


Thermal expansion: ∆ L=L∝ ∆ T (L=linear) 2 πRT
∆ V =V 3 ∝ ∆ T (V=Volume, 3 ∝=β) M=molecular mass, R gas constant, T temperature)
Thermal resistance: R=L/kA (L=plane thickness, k=material conductivity, 2 RT
A=plane area)
Q T −T Cold
The most probable speed: P' ( v )=0 ; v=
∞
M
8 RT
√
Conduction & Radiation: Pcond = =kA Hot
t L
(L=distance btw Hot The average speed: v avg=∫ vP ( v ) dv=
subject and Cold Subject); Prad =σεA T 4(σ =5.6704 x 10 8 , ε emissivity of surface
0 πM
∞
√
object)
Heat absorption: Q=cm ∆T
√
The root mean square speed: v rms= ∫ v 2 P ( v ) dv= 3 RT
0
C C
√
;C
M
Ideal gas law: pV =nRT (R gas constant 8.31); k B=R /N A ; PV=Nk B T Molar specific at const volume, pressure v p p =C v + R ; γ =C p /C v
V2 Monoatomic: 3/2R; Diatomic: 5/2R; Polyatomic: 3R (All =C v)
Work done by a gas expanding from V1 to V2: W =∫ pdV 1
V1 Mean free path: lambda=
First law: ∆ E internal =Q−W (Added Q and Work done W by system) √ 2 π d 2 N /V
f

Entropy: ∆ S=∫ dQ/T ; Efficient: ϵ =W /Q H (Work produced/Heat absorbed)


i
v2
γ γ
Adiabatic process: Q=0, W =∫ PdV =(P2 V 2−P1 V 1 )
v1
v2 v2
nRT V2
Isothermal process: Q=W =∫ PdV =∫ dV =nRTln( )
v1 v1 V V1
nM v 2rms m v 2rms m v2
Pressure: p= Temperature: T = Force: F=
3V 3Kb L

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