CCNA All Commands

CCNA Routing & Switching Commands

IP ROUTING

To view IP routing tables created on a Cisco router.

#sh ip route

Static Routing- Routers are manually configured for networks that are not directly connected,
to be able to route to all networks via the next -hop interface.

Example- Let 192.168.30.0/24 be the IP of a network not directly connected Let 192.168.20.2 be
the next hop interface
(config)#ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.2

To remove static route

(config)#no ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.2

Default Routing- Used on stub networks only to send packets with remote destination network
not in the routing table to the next hop router
Assume IP 192.168.40.1 is not in routing table

first remove static route

(config)#no ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.40.1
(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.40.1

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RIP-A distance vector routing protocol that passes complete routing table contents to
neighbouring routers

Example- Let 192.168.10.0 & 192.168.20.0 be directly connected networks of a router interfaces
and 192.168.30.0 be non-directly connected
first delete all static routes
(config)#no ip route 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.2
(config)#router rip
(config-router)#192.168.10.0
(config-router)#192.168.20.0
(config-router)#^z

Verifying RIP
1.Sh ip route
2.debug ip

Holding Down RIP Propagation-To stop RIP update sending but allow its receipt -say for s0/0
with ip 192.168.10.0
(config)#router rip
(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
(config-router)#passive-interface serial 0/0

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IGRP-Also a distance routing protocol

Example- Let 192.168.10.0 & 192.168.20.0 be directly connected networks of a router interfaces
with autonomous system number of 10 and 192.168.30.0 be non -directly connected
#router igrp 10
(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0
(config-router)#^z

Verifying IGRP
sh ip route

Displays routed protocols and their interfaces

sh protocols

Displays routing protocols configured

sh ip protocols

Displays summary of IGRP routing information running on the network

debug igrp events

Displays messages request from neighbour routers

debug igrp transactions

Turning off all possible

debugging #un all

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EIGRP-Uses classless routing which is subnet mask information sent with routing protocol
updates.

Example- Let 192.168.10.0 & 192.168.20.0 be directly connected ne tworks of a router interfaces
with autonomous system number of 20 and 192.168.30.0 be non -directly connected
1. #router eigrp 20
2. (config-router)#network 192.168.10.0
3. (config-router)#network 192.168.20.0
4. (config-router)#^z

To stop EIGRP from working on an interface-no sending no receipt

(config)#router eigrp 20
(config-router)#passive-interface serial 0/0

To enable EIGRP on discontiguos networks(two different subnetworks of classfull network

connected by another different classful subnetwork)

Example- Let 172.16.0.0 & 10.0.0.0 be directly connected to a router to another remote
subnetwork of 192.168.10.0, then to enable EIGRP, we use
1. (config)#router eigrp 100
2. (config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
3. (config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
4. (config-router)#no auto-summary
N.B-The no auto-summary command sholuld be enabled in routers that encloses such networks.

Verifying EIGRP
sh ip route- Shows entire routing table
sh ip route eigrp- Shows only EIGRP entries in the routing table
ip eigrp neighbours- Shows all EIGRP neighbours
ip eigrp topology- Shows entries in the EIGRP topology table

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OSPF- A link-state routing protocol

Example- Let 10.0.0.0 be the network directly connected to the router upon which OSPF is to be
enabled; with ospf ID of 1 and area o
1. (config)#router ospf 1
2. (config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area0

Loopback Interface- They are configured to be used as the routers RID to advertise the routes
and elect DR and BDR.

Example- Let the loopback iinterface be configured on interface with ip 172.16.10.1

(config)#int loopback 0
(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0
(config-if)#no shut
(config-if)#^z

Verifying OSPF Configuration

Used to display all OSPF information
sho ip ospf
indicates the number of links and neighboring router ID
sho ip ospf database
Displays all OSPF interface related info
sho ip ospf interface
Summarizes OSPF info about neighbours
sho ip ospf neighbour
Overview of all present running protocols
sho ip protocols

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Verifying Loopback and RID

To verify loopback address
sho running-config
Verifies the new RID of each router
sho ip ospf database
Verifies the new RID of each router
sho ip ospf interface

Initial configuration of a 1900 Switch with ip 172.16.10.16

>en
#config t
(config)#enable password level 1 kennifeh
(config)#enable password level 15 kennifeh 1
(config)#enable secret kennifeh 2 (when ena bled no need 4 enable password)
(config)#hostname kenn 1900
(config)#ip address 172.16.10.16 255.255.255.0
(config)#ip default-gateway 172.16.10.1 (config)#int f0/1
(config-if)#description Finance_vlan (No space for 1900)
(config-if)#int f0/26
(config-if)#description Trunk_to_Biulding
(config-if)#exit

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Initail Configuration of 2950 Switch with ip 172.16.10.17 255.255.255.0

>en
#config t(config)#hostame kenn2950
(config)#enable password kenn
(config)#enable password kenn1 (enable and enable secret password must be different)
(config)#line vty 0 15
(config-line)#login
(config-line)#password telnet
(config-line)#line con 0
(config-line)#login
(config-line)#password console
(config-line)#exit
(config)#int vlan 1
(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.17 255.255.255.0
(config-if)#no shut
(config-if)#int f0/1
(config-if)#description sales printer(with space)
(config-if)#int f0/12
(config-if)description connection to backbone
(config-if)#exit
(config)#ip default-gateway 172.16.10.1
(config)

Erasing Switching Configuration 1900

#delete nvram yes

Erasing Switching Configuration 2950

#erase startup-config Enter

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Configuring VLANS 1900

>en #config t
(config)#vlan 2 name Cisco
(config)#vlan 3 name Microsoft
(config)#vlan 4 name Comptia
(config)#exit

Verify with command

sh run

Configuring for 2950

>en
#vlan database
(vlan)#vlan 2 name Cisco
(vlan)#vlan 3 name Microsoft
(vlan)#vlan 4 name Comptia (vlan)#apply
(vlan)#^c
Verify with command sh vlan brief

Assigning Switch Ports To Vlan-1900

(config)#int e0/2
(config-if)#vlan-membership static 2
(config-if)#int e0/3
(config-if)#vlan-membership static 3
(config-if)#exit

Verify with
sh vlan

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Assigning Switch Ports To Vlan-2950

(config)#int f0/2
(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
(config-if)#int f0/3
(config-t)#switchport access vlan 3
(config-if)#int f0/4
(config-if)#switchport access vlan 4
(config-if)#verify with sh vlan brief

Configuring Trunks ports

(config)#int f0/26
(config-if)#trunk on

Configuring Trunk Ports for 2950

(config)#int f0/12
(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
(config-if)#^z

To disable Trunk use

switchport mode access

To verify Trunking use

sh running config

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Configuring Inter-vlan Routing for 1900 connecting to 2600

(config)#int f0/0.1
(config-if)#encapsulation isl vlan (d number)

Configuring Inter-vlan Routing for 2950 connecting to 2600

(config)#int f0/0.1
(config-if)#encapsulation dot1q vlan (d number)

Configuring VTP for 1900

(config)#vtp server
(config)vtp domain kenn
(config)#vtp password kenn

Configuring VTP for 2950

(config)#vtp mode server
(config)#vtp domain routersim
(config)#^z

Verify with
sh vtp status

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CCNA All Commands

Checking the Current Configuration Register Values

Show version or show ver

Changing Configuration Register

(config)#config-register 0x101 (d default is 0x2102) (config)#^z

Recovering Passwords
Interrupt the Router Boot Sequene
ctrl+Break key (windows wont perform break key, only 95/98)

Changing the configuration register -for 2600 series router

rammon>confreg 0x2142
for 2500 - type 0 after a break and enter the command o/r 0x2142

Reloading the Router and Entering Privilged mode - for 2600 - type reset

Viewing and changing the configuration - copy run start

Resetting the configuration Register and Reloading the Router - config t

Backing up and restoring the Cisco ios

verifying flash memory - Ensuring flash memory has enough

room router#sh flash

Backing-up the ciso ios

first verify server connectivity by-
Router#ping 192.168.0.120
then; router#copy flash tftp

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CCNA All Commands

Restoring or upgrading the cisco router

ios router#copy tftp flash
[confirm][ENTER]
?[ENTER]

Backing up and Restoring the Cisco configuration

Backing up the cisco router configuration

copy runing config tftp

Verifying the current configuration

sh run

copying the current cofiguration to NVRAM

copy run start

copying the current configuration to a TFTP server

copy run TFTP

Restoring the Cisco Router Configuration

copy TFTP run

Erasing the configuration

erase startup-config

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Getting CDP timers and Holdtime

information Router#config t
Router(config)#cdp timer 90
Router(config)#cdp holdtime 240
Router(config)#^z

To turn-off CDP Completely

no cdp run

Gathering Neighbour information

kenn2509#sh cdp nei
delivers information about directly connected devices or
kenn2509#sh cdp neighbour detail
Also sh cdp entry

Gathering Interface Traffic Information

kenn2509#sh cdp traffic

Gathering port and Interface

information kenn2509#sh cdp interface

To turn off cdp on a router,

use no cdp enable
then ^z

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Using Telnet
kenn2509#telnet 172.16.10.2

Telnetting into multiple devices

simultaneously kenn2509#telnet 172.16.10.2
then, 2501B>{cntl+shift+6, then x}

Checking Telnet connections

kenn2509#sh sessions - connections from your router to remote

Checking Telnet users

kenn2509#sh user

Closing Telnet sessions

1900switch>exit OR
kenn2509#disconnect1 (num of active networks)

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Resolving Hostname
kenn2509#config t
kenn2509(config)#ip host 2501B 172.16.10.2
kenn2509(config)#ip host 1900switch 192.168.0.148
kenn2509(config)#^z

To remove a hostname from a table, use

RouterA(config)#no ip host routerB

Using DNS to resolve names

#config t
(config)#ip domain-lookup (usually turned on by default)
(config)#ip name-server 192.168.0.70 (ip of an assumed DNS set)
(config)#ip domain-name kenn.com (Appends the domain name to a host)
(config)#^z

Check Network Connectivity use ping command

#ping kenn2509

Using Traceroute command

#trace 2501B

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Access Lists
Creating a Standard Access Lists (1 -99 or 1,300-1,999)
(config)#access-list 10 deny 172.16.30.2 (using the ip as a test)

Controlling vty(Telnet) sessions

(config)#access-list 50 permit 172.16.30.2
(config)#line vty 0 4
(config-line)#access-class 50 in

Creating Extended Access-lists (100 to 199) OR (2000 to 2699)

(config)#access-list 110 deny tcp any host 172.16.30.2 eq 23 log
(config)#access-list 110 permit ip any any
(config)#int f0/0
(config-if)#ip access-group 110 in
(config-if)#ipaccess-group 110 out

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