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River Engineering Unit 1

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Rupesh Mandal
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243 views26 pages

River Engineering Unit 1

Notes

Uploaded by

Rupesh Mandal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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River. Engineering, Unif-| (Elemevils of Kiver Geemorprelegy ) v Frchoduction : Ty Rivers take off from meumlains , pow prom dhe ] “mountains ploin ywosains , & finally join the eccams . ty | Chey am formed along mort ov ows defined _chomndl. " donin away the lomd wot obtained by predpiiahen & snow molting un high alfttudes & discharge ta umutilzed welt back im the soa, thus |_comploing the hyelaological cycle r b Tha vives not only Cory this huge amount | Twit but abo Coty a demondiu amewn’ Sut 4 Sediment ubch “ washed down [pom Ake Caichmont asta or gels ebselad [pom Ahely beds & bamks y so - is very | impovtomt zy _kmaw tha _behavinns Fhe Alves, vortel & rain We Aves in’ td to stabbze ay aver Chowne) Ly) Realizing that she behoviny Q plurd & 2 from smal scale, Leal GP “ike tywstshicfed vesteck acces or a= — =tenain velvcde hep » 2 dang scale» repos taure likea wedeshed -wiehe UNSTABLE STREAM : Al Chay are rot _aduhed f0 tha landscape, phey embibit ramet change in_morphuleyy r meat veaulb un Vabitet , I Te mpadudune © efror managémont roblo . atk Seninent Sediment is O nodially OCcUrbing maderrl ghal ix broker down by provsses Q wearheung [ y exesron bv sulbsoquentty wamepored by tha Taub Q wind, watt , orice or by the foue J T qavity cxhng on tthe particles. fr otanple~ wand. ke. silt com be cared im Siupenba 7 viver neler © on Teadung He sea bed deposited by | wxdimontahin. of buried toy may eentially beurre earrdotone b ilishine (sedmrondoay veh) as se T ~~ \ _ - Scanned with CamScanner “| Renan tae mad xen anit By oa | CAluviod pryresses), but abo wind Causiion _: prowsses) & alouiors. Roa sods ¥_ river chang cLoposihn , Haagh sediment abo afen lo < Lum <0+000039 Colloid | Nud aE | Conposi tion! : Tcampasihun of Sediment cam be measured un fevrrs >) AR vek Aitholegy — >i Ninnal Compositar =) chemiad make-up | his ley) dead to an ambiguity im ututh clay | can be wned a both a srat-ramge a compos tion , canned with CamScanner SEDINENT - ARANSIORT THEORY Grilack (pad — Madevials that vous a 62-Lbn im parole callahon means “bouneng * | Ropes te particle thot ore ghd emuugh | db be picked off the viver_bed by | dutbulene but +60 heavy tO remain suspenssn © Fhevepore 9 nk “back to the river bed. >| Tromitonal botweon bedload & Uapendta > | Never -meaured v7 operahmal hydrology —\dischaige Bin nduap § lage Mpogep | UW) keaosoirs '- _ _ » i canned with camScanner “Wl egies alee > Cy a | Scour D zedimorl dopasitun Gan CCU duo to | erodable comattucbin Maresial Domadatin Gelow Dames - || Polerbel damm follire lua to wndewmining | & Anweaing of bed dowrehem Aovel | Cb | Bwer stad Gobir -- | Sediment can damage blady 4 bowurgs Se | Sedimurc transport im Rivers = | sedimerd — Crangport-im_vivers wp _asscuaked witha wie vey 4 environmental & orem 1sSUB, One ghee most swiow envivonnwntal I preblam » resin. a the cmnsaqvent . |e» gpl —> |) the ode gf soit los x greatly increased by poor egies prachices. lI olf trl) Seoinet MEASUREMENT _>|| sedinwrt_tanpot ba yeruie dynamic phemenmnn —> || Measuremeynb dechniquos comet register tha eins Arad esndihors shot emis Ader. wold». bodlits Scanned with CamScanner farticle Six 7 Kuniledge abd tho parcle size » Peremisite for widerstandhng the _sourc&s _ chamsportthon, & is 6072 COLD» environmental impact Q seclimont 9) fvdile size jp defominad: by fering % oimple of, Stdimerl Ahaha _suies 9, >A eee 3 eight aleyes Gn be ved tr sediment analysis 5 wrth mesh sizes don | ¢25mm to 63 Lon & uss: | Rude cine clamifiatn by the wlentuoth Grade Sale “Particle dseaiphon Prbicle sizalomm) |) Cohesive properhier Cobble 256-6Y hon toheulve Sprawl 6y-2 vony.Cooist and 2-1 Non~ hesibe cednent ~~ Coasae cand I-08 P 7 Medium éand OS 005 (Fine _dand o-ns-0063 | sur 02-0 -004 cohesive cechment “004 —0°0002 | Cly oO y | Chit no urivewally accaphed scale to Ae clamiftotn Gf pastolie auerding fo their | Scanned with CamScaniner > aS ( [cn nom “Anesita, He. wentupth &prade Seale | 48 commenky usec ; elsewhere » the Interrating} fade Seale u puffed. | Thee ae minor dypeuun befweon the 2 | at 35 Hoon; impotent 10 note ith sak <_| tos “been Luluted to ust ot consislenitty, S| SAMPLING: METHODS : ; - thor an date. methods 2 vample Wlachen | Diedgons 2 oe O 4pab Sammplors _@ bx : Somplins U)|| dredge Zamplons LA dredge 4 a dwiee Haka ciagged avigas 4 he_bollon of she surface bung * sainpled. | this type 9 sampler i» uaed purnaiily fo collecting indigonas bonthic fauna p—rather_than_camples Fi chumital anaes, obredge Samplins tan be i ol - Classified inky — WI triangular w Bucket type Scanned with CamScanner “ly Gap Sunpls — 7 Haw a sot % jaws that shut ora bucket dhat yetates ret tho sodimond Are Cosy to trandle', maintain» Y “use 7 Provid2—_aaecors for Sub - samples rab Samplns . con be carifed indo — OL Mena Grab @. Petersen rab (iw) Ovamge Peel Srab “i (4 | Von Vea 4rab i Smith -Meintye Grab u Core Samplrs a Phat ave inated into the cadimortt sr Sei) by Varies yritans *D Obtain. a cyunder or bon vample % ynatoial ‘ot frown ee cm be Simple, tamd- optrosed castes, | oy thoy an be tAge, ceatly, noter—driven TT nechanisms hak cam collect | Reingosced earth 2 alo lled a keinfbrued 3 Genvally wsed'm refining wall, ¢mbank— nb» quay wall, undloryaimd sruiture, | OBE (Hes 3 | dhe methods one ophd to rmprove the | engincog & mechanial propor foi) >| Recaue of iB femical superiouty & “euomenic adionttage, reinfoed earth tan heme o widely used in the conahrechor Gf eantr— vermung SEU Scanned ‘with CamScanner | typo of Ranfoxement CO Shact Reinpouemunt W | Ship _reinfonomuont @) | Ge0- -gud winter. CS “Unianiel | - B-anial | (OO .. trrantad © SK | seteed REmPoRceMENT =| ste forced fon TaD audh to painted Stool, fabsic Crile) “thant ane manajetned Bovi, synthene S | mateinb: such a pulypreaplyne , : Luluyskr & gla». few 3] the prickno» ranger fom O25mm to “hommM - Chore veunforeemind tay dugh torefe Strength, ubith wm lost upto Yookn/m, this cam be comfuckd im tuo. ways, ll uy en: Ca) Woven made fom umtbnupus racno- — fllomumnt fbr Cy _Nin- weve made for sople fbr SRIP_ REINFORCEMENT VK]. Chie ore furuble near mombos hang greater breadth than thaiv Micknoy Ls Scanned with CamScanner [2 thine tainly vaaite fon smn Gro ~ & breadth iw. bekwveon Yamm-/20mm, ; a Hee ps. am abo be formed fan bamboo, i polymirs & gla Bore reinporued plasics. (= TE wPORCED EMBAUKMENTS. ~ fn embankments is an anhpeioD barier_ thet _fypially “wae to Aold back j | wate, w t a Wadus railway y | cmal, - oo a [hse ae man-made mounds mainly | consist Q stones, reks b earth: [#1 Renvrorcen . soi_ WALL 1A vertical walled shuchne foumed by inerxcasra | tho debility @ the back Q she “reteunving wall port the intallahon 2 veingoromant | Malevaly such & stoped & Steal ships indo tho» backfill. © | 3) while = designing A _veinfowwrunt coll wall, 7) we need fe” tnaplea (a) Enteral Sinbility _& Sntesnal ability Scanned with CamScanner ( Suit 2 St Conwiden = 1h& venponed Shute a whole chuk the stability ~ for sling, aprtianing , beaung (HE, 4 Slip by —osrsitwing tha -ypeuB of dtad doads , othnr loads (4we load, dynamic toad 2H) &- foc acing on the Stuuturr, within the Sbudue, avangenurt © behavior Q He reinfouemont & backpil, St chides the | Serpe toil. beormg aypacity , Pduc | setternmt- P| Reduce liguegochon beha viv of soil! 2] Gmp® Mechanical Propo g Sol _ | Mare -eusrpmv'cal thon cerwenthmal mend, | oF || MECHANISM OF REINFORCED £LARTH 7 5 || Seis ohh rave ste 4 ary veroile Gap _alyo be _strengthuned by the inclusion fh motertals with dugh —- Scanned with CamScanmer a [eae eg 7 th» meblusatho -temalle srongth a btamed by - surface inferacryn between i Te sot & the reinforxmunt Prsugh 1 Pichon b adhesin 2 the wingrreed seit yn ebtuned by placing taleraiblo oF inertemaible masnrial sur oo metallic ships @ polymere reinpoxe | Lamint within Hie ceil fo ebtain the | veguisi te properties | = Sei] reng@ument through metallic strips, | grids oy moho & polynenc mips shece i now a well olwtleped & wielely technique of earth imprevenent = Anch®ing sell nailing » abo aolspied 4 iniprve {he Soil properties. bf 20-Materials YQ ito (x) Geospacy” ®) Geegnd W Geoet WW eo Membrane UY | Geo Composite | (wp - (ug) Geomat aaa (m9) Fo Seam &) i Geepipe. Scanned with CamScanner aE Cioons 2, Hloeds cca on sivrs .whuny_flow_enceecs —the_cpaahy tha _siver_chamral , paxb-~ | -eelorly af bords wy. | Ploeel dange cum be vivtually, ebminaed : Py_mewng “ancy fan wird other bodies 4 wader, He [ FLASH FLOOD ‘ Th » Fhe rapil. Hoceling z genes ously ito rs, cy labs a bb) St voy be, Coane ay “hay in ued i | wibva tem or _snaw-fleang ek: “Ws | at may pcam after te collapse 4 0 - roding) ice oy debs lam ot uber) the | predpiiahan fal tm quikly on sokrakd enordal sesuited euth oa hespitab & . emeosgeny » Sholks shld Font ote dank a." feo Food “Farnauny. Non SRE Acoy ga 7 Scanned with CamScanner — Gon endaslond the acua) _omyasl 8 ey Le eee . camera ig pte — Ld th Scanning will wertfy he eet PE rs So i ue [eg whan bx este, corre é rdushial lod. the nt Plmring Scheme repair all neu? elevelepments to undntake Abend sitet, _iuetigehay tb dlefeomine fia et 6 constr [wad tod rat Tl Buildng avelaprint Taal - tnisirg malig Tools vequine neu) hones pe cwatertal perovdn to onedtiuct habdable Plo Awe soomm above 860 ytar Fired -laweh , Ao provide same ¢_Awel # pea ae flooding anny to-date Hood mneabs @ ng cotter arsishs tho Dovelopmond Cand Audherty to wndewtand the impact Z| nowt dowelepmunt on. nbshrg vesidimds Tan We catchment: New land douelapmortb | [ane egal Fo cmuage he yor ad whith | stownuiaky “Leaves the covelopmort to maintain [ghke pre-duvelopmect vat 4 Gln, Scanned with CamScanner AS at | Carey —qivode cur ae | waanng “Systems art rdremoly Lm _in Posh flsdmg evenly fo provide resident, with the abilily fo vespord to mponding ~ tried waters. the may mclude | a parked yohiclor, collecng pets Rene 2 npn eng pease nig FLOOD- PLAINS — FUNCTIONS | flood plains re wea adjaunt 2 rivers , pods, Joko 5 © oceans that are periodically flooded at differont pond “mn time. « Aloed plas ane | Aydrelogically sinportand-» environmentally. smuaitiue , & ewlegically » produchy® areas thot psfom- many nadwal flunters. rehey Cavin = both cuttinal & natwall pumchors, Chey contain beth wwttual & natual ressuts tata & qved - bE aa flooding occurs nahi along ewery river U Coaval ana, Elec wats CON Gay ridin? — rik sodansrs whith Cordibule #0 fbLO enuhgnmenh «for. vege.’ Flercd plains are henopiial ldlrbe by crcat Aiiikis FACe oe addrhon , “ftocdplans are ipo Scanned with CamScanner ___beaube f) Sterage-L enweyamco > prakeber 3 wakr Quality, & recharge 9 qraunduater. | 3b RIVER’ MOR PHOLOGY the }ewns: river’ merphology & 1b _SyMoNYHN _ oder | wupelys Hood corho/, gencrahon 9 water Pott, nawgahm or “wercahiny He Sechment danspert caput) upream & ‘the damn ‘reduced tronby Causy agqnadahun in the mdun yerousir & abo um the tributaries om the | upsheam . thu has many wndusinable if ehfect Including duplehun G Teacruaiy capecily © fleeing ch tire _upstreone (ya a dong “bean Abeognieed | tha wader | hamepart iv Comparodvely” much dvaptr 1 tran wad m1 vol Pamyort & Aunce hep rye “boon “wed for ravzahon mee anaent te. Making the wer navigable | year around involve cotuchin plone, dcchs, “hanrw widlorung, channel Shargh— 7 oderung & Channel umbacn usng spurs or jetties & bamk Stablizahun 2t may abo mule olvedgmg: & releasing adduhonal ly apfet the Stability Gg the river & encachoy 1-8, such Chango need” unsiderahon 4160 ee Any drole: uo merphologe Pent 4 vtw, Scanned with CamScanner (4) amage canal Head worbs, sedumont- tr yy, a __& tmbatlors in Sauyahin mals ave Cmatinded fer. wyfrdrawing relodvely Sediment - prea wader or frrigahon & wader supply purposw. this disturbs Ant equiltbuium ef dhe Stream casioing aggradahin im are downs vam -reachor. Smarty 5 agqadehun takos ploce “hop Tiers ae Used fir dumemg rurung wastes ping that the ream vill Sapely carry the dumped material dnwratheam Cw (| Sumborty » whon sand L grawel ase mined fron the viver bed fo meet the ewer - morasmg durnand 9 the. inatsuchyn industry» dhe river. clewnsteann ix found tp __dogracle tating many - Preble jn _bod Wath. Such . dagradadin im the yiver Causes “mila effects um the Fribudenes & — cub-trbidnes on Cawnatreom de. : Eavthqaker 2 gchve pectorz mnsvement sud a Susidune or uphoaal art found to influmce the miver stability. Lag scale detdgng cassied cul along the saver stor ravigahor purpores abo disturbs the sechmord, balance & hone the hea — 2quibbum » Scanned with CamScanner

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