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SQL Server in Operator

The document discusses the SQL Server IN operator, which allows you to check if a value matches any value in a list. The IN operator tests whether a column or expression value equals any value in the list, returning TRUE if there is a match. It is equivalent to using multiple OR operators. The NOT IN operator returns TRUE if there is no match. Examples demonstrate using IN with a list of values and with a subquery to return matching rows.

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60 views4 pages

SQL Server in Operator

The document discusses the SQL Server IN operator, which allows you to check if a value matches any value in a list. The IN operator tests whether a column or expression value equals any value in the list, returning TRUE if there is a match. It is equivalent to using multiple OR operators. The NOT IN operator returns TRUE if there is no match. Examples demonstrate using IN with a list of values and with a subquery to return matching rows.

Uploaded by

Oana Achitei
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Server IN Operator

Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn how to use the SQL Server IN operator to
check whether a value matches any value in a list.
SQL Server IN operator overview
The IN operator is a logical operator that allows you to test whether a specified value
matches any value in a list.
The following shows the syntax of the SQL Server IN operator:
column | expression IN ( v1, v2, v3, ...)
In this syntax:

 First, specify the column or expression to test.

 Second, specify a list of values to test. All the values must have the same type as
the type of the column or expression.

If a value in the column or the expression is equal to any value in the list, the result of
the IN operator is TRUE.
The IN operator is equivalent to multiple OR operators, therefore, the following
predicates are equivalent:
column IN (v1, v2, v3)

column = v1 OR column = v2 OR column = v3


To negate the IN operator, you use the NOT IN operator as follows:
column | expression NOT IN ( v1, v2, v3, ...)
The result the NOT IN operator is TRUE if the column or expression does not equal to
any value in the list.
In addition to a list of values, you can use a subquery that returns a list of values with
the IN operator as shown below:
column | expression IN (subquery)
In this syntax, the subquery is a SELECT statement that returns a list of values of a
single column.
Note that if a list contains NULL, the result of IN or NOT IN will be UNKNOWN.
SQL Server IN operator examples
See the following production.roducts table from the sample database.

A) Using SQL Server IN with a list of values example

The following statement finds the products whose list price is one of the following
values: 89.99, 109.99, and 159.99:

SELECT
product_name,
list_price
FROM
production.products
WHERE
list_price IN (89.99, 109.99, 159.99)
ORDER BY
list_price;

The query above is equivalent to the following query that uses the OR operator instead:
SELECT
product_name,
list_price
FROM
production.products
WHERE
list_price = 89.99 OR list_price = 109.99 OR list_price = 159.99
ORDER BY
list_price;
To find the products whose list prices are not one of the prices above, you use the NOT
IN operator as shown in the following query:
SELECT
product_name,
list_price
FROM
production.products
WHERE
list_price NOT IN (89.99, 109.99, 159.99)
ORDER BY
list_price;

B) Using SQL Server IN operator with a subquery example

The following query returns a list of product identification numbers of the products


located in the store id one and has the quantity greater than or equal to 30:

SELECT
product_id
FROM
production.stocks
WHERE
store_id = 1 AND quantity >= 30;

You can use the query above as a subquery in as shown in the following query:

SELECT
product_name,
list_price
FROM
production.products
WHERE
product_id IN (
SELECT
product_id
FROM
production.stocks
WHERE
store_id = 1 AND quantity >= 30
)
ORDER BY
product_name;

In this example:

 First, the subquery returned a list of product id.

 Second, the outer query retrieved the product names and list prices of the
products whose product id matches any value returned by the subquery.

For more information on the subquery, check it out the subquery tutorial.

In this tutorial, you have learned how to use the SQL Server IN operator to check
whether a value matches any value in a list or returned by a subquery.

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