International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)

Volume 11, Issue 2, February 2020, pp. 79-87, Article ID: IJCIET_11_02_009
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=11&IType=2
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
© IAEME Publication

TIDAL SEA WATER MEASUREMENT

MONITORING SYSTEM
Umar Katu, Achmad Zubair, Sahbuddin A.K
Department, Telecommunication Engineering Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang
Perintis Kemerdekan Km 10, Indonesia

ABSTRACT
The change in receding sea water is to rise or fall in the position of water or sea
surface caused by moon influence and sunlight of gravity. There are three sources of
interinteraction styles: sea, Sun, and Moon. Ocean waves cause a change in water
depth and generate a current vortex that is known as tidal currents, so that wave
events estimate is indispensable in coastal navigation. The coastal area sinks when the
tide rises and is exposed at low tide. Data retrieval of regular tidal water using
manual method using normal measuring device. The use of electronic components is
one of the solutions for obtaining modern data. The use of ultrasonic sensors and
Arduino as well as mobile phones become modern media to measure sea water level
as well as remote monitoring. The system is also equipped with data memory, so when
the system can not send SMS data then the data is still stored in memory card on the
system. The Data obtained is also accurate as well as time efficiency is very assured
that there is no need to manually measure every hour even after every minute as all
manual work is done by a mini computer and an ultrasonic sensor. The device design
of the tidal water monitoring system in the form of PASUT tools has been successfully
designed and this tool can work well in capturing and transmitting the altitude data of
tidal seas through the GSM MODEM and displayed on the phone with Excellent tool
accuracy so that this tool is said to be operating properly.
Keywords: Monitoring system, Arduino, tidal sea water, ultrasonic sensors, GSM
MODEM.
Cite this Article: Umar Katu, Achmad Zubair, Sahbuddin A.K, Tidal Sea Water
Measurement Monitoring System. International Journal of Civil Engineering and
Technology, 11(2), 2020, 79-87.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=11&IType=2

1. INTRODUCTION
The water at the end of the beach bordering the sea never dwells on a fixed height, but they
always move up and down according to the Tide cycle. The surface of the sea water slowly
rises to the maximum height, the event is called high Water, after which it drops to a
minimum height called low water. From here the water surface will begin to move up again.
The difference in height between high tide and low tide is known as tidal range. The

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 Tidal Sea Water Measurement Monitoring System

distinctive nature of the ups and downs of water surfaces occurs twice daily, so there are two
high tide periods and two low tide periods.
The tide is mainly due to the attractive style of attraction between the two forces occurring
in the ocean derived from centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the Earth in its axis and
the gravitational force coming from the moon. The result of this power plant will be found
there are two water mass bulges in which one part is found on the surface of the earth closest
to the moon and the two other bulges are at the farthest part side From the moon. Positions of
the moon, Earth, sun produce waves of spring tides and neap tides
The ups and downs are fluctuating from the high level of seawater in the region, many
invoices affecting the ups and downs of the region. Tidal data can be taken directly or using
satellite image processing. By conducting a tidal survey we can find out the classification,
highest value, lowest value and average ups and downs in a location. Tidal data retrieval done
at least 15 days or 1 Pyantan. In the planning of ports, coastal development such as for mining
and oil port tidal data is crucial for projections and future planning Sea water tidal observation
manually requires very accurate cost and data accuracy
From the background above the author intends to examine and designing the monitoring
system the tidal measurements of sea water using ultrasonic sensors microcontroller-based
with the security of the measurement data and also send measurement data via SMS. System
This tidal monitoring is a system capable of To monitor the high sea water movements or the
conditions All the time that includes components or elements that connected together to
facilitate the flow of information. Data monitoring is real time and stages in a system
monitoring is divided into three process is:
 The process of collecting and storing sea water altitude data.
 Process of displaying result data monitoring.
 Process data delivery results monitoring in real time

2. SYSTEM AND DESIGN

2.1. Arduino Uno
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on 8-bit ATmega328P microcontroller. Along
with ATmega328P, it consists other components such as crystal oscillator, serial
communication, voltage regulator, etc. to support the microcontroller. Arduino Uno has 14
digital input/output pins (out of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog input pins, a
USB connection, A Power barrel jack, an ICSP header and a reset button.
The 14 digital input/output pins can be used as input or output pins by using pinMode(),
digitalRead() and digitalWrite() functions in arduino programming. Each pin operate at 5V
and can provide or receive a maximum of 40mA current, and has an internal pull-up resistor
of 20-50 KOhms which are disconnected by default. Out of these 14 pins, some pins have
specific functions as listed below:
 Serial Pins 0 (Rx) and 1 (Tx): Rx and Tx pins are used to receive and transmit TTL serial
data. They are connected with the corresponding ATmega328P USB to TTL serial chip.
 External Interrupt Pins 2 and 3: These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a
low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.
 PWM Pins 3, 5, 6, 9 and 11: These pins provide an 8-bit PWM output by using analog
Write() function.
 SPI Pins 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO) and 13 (SCK): These pins are used for SPI
communication.

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 Umar Katu, Achmad Zubair, Sahbuddin A.K

 In-built LED Pin 13: This pin is connected with an built-in LED, when pin 13 is HIGH –
LED is on and when pin 13 is LOW, its off.
Along with 14 Digital pins, there are 6 analog input pins, each of which provide 10 bits of
resolution, i.e. 1024 different values. They measure from 0 to 5 volts but this limit can be
increased by using AREF pin with analog Reference () function.
 Analog pin 4 (SDA) and pin 5 (SCA) also used for TWI communication using Wire library.
Arduino Uno has a couple of other pins as explained below:
 AREF: Used to provide reference voltage for analog inputs with analog Reference() function.
 Reset Pin: Making this pin LOW, resets the microcontroller.
Arduino can be used to communicate with a computer, another Arduino board or other
microcontrollers. The ATmega328P microcontroller provides UART TTL (5V) serial
communication which can be done using digital pin 0 (Rx) and digital pin 1 (Tx). An
ATmega16U2 on the board channels this serial communication over USB and appears as a
virtual com port to software on the computer. The ATmega16U2 firmware uses the standard
USB COM drivers, and no external driver is needed. However, on Windows, a .inf file is
required. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to
be sent to and from the Arduino board. There are two RX and TX LEDs on the arduino board
which will flash when data is being transmitted via the USB-to-serial chip and USB
connection to the computer (not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1). A SoftwareSerial
library allows for serial communication on any of the Uno's digital pins. The ATmega328P
also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software includes a Wire
library to simplify use of the I2C bus.

Figure 1 Pin Arduino Uno Figure 2 Arduino Uno

2.2. Ultrasonic Distance Sensor

The Parallax PING)))™ ultrasonic distance sensor provides precise, non-contact distance
measurements from about 2 cm (0.8 inches) to 3 meters (3.3 yards). It is very easy to connect
to microcontrollers such as the BASIC Stamp®, Propeller chip, or Arduino, requiring only
one I/O pin.
The PING))) sensor works by transmitting an ultrasonic (well above human hearing
range) burst and providing an output pulse that corresponds to the time required for the burst
echo to return to the sensor. By measuring the echo pulse width, the distance to target can
easily be calculated.

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 Tidal Sea Water Measurement Monitoring System

Figure 3 Sensor Ping Parallax

The PING))) sensor has a male 3-pin header used to supply ground, power (+5 VDC) and
signal. The header may be plugged into a directly into solderless breadboard, or into a
standard 3wire extension cable
Features
 Range: 2 cm to 3 m (0.8 in to 3.3 yd)
 Burst indicator LED shows sensor activity
 Bidirectional TTL pulse interface on a single I/O pin can communicate with 5 V TTL or 3.3 V
CMOS microcontrollers
 Input trigger: positive TTL pulse, 2 µs min, 5 µs typ.
 Echo pulse: positive TTL pulse, 115 µs minimum to 18.5 ms maximum.
 RoHS Compliant
The PING))) sensor detects objects by emitting a short ultrasonic burst and then
"listening" for the echo. Under control of a host microcontroller (trigger pulse), the sensor
emits a short 40 kHz (ultrasonic) burst. This burst travels through the air, hits an object and
then bounces back to the sensor. The PING))) sensor provides an output pulse to the host that
will terminate when the echo is detected, hence the width of this pulse corresponds to the
distance to the target

2.3. Real Time CLock

The DS3231 is a low-cost, extremely accurate I2C real-time clock (RTC) with an integrated
temperature compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO) and crystal. The device incorporates a
battery input, and maintains accurate timekeeping when main power to the device is
interrupted. The integration of the crystal resonator enhances the long-term accuracy of the
device as well as reduces the piece-part count in a manufacturing line. The DS3231 is
available in commercial and industrial temperature ranges, and is offered in a 16-pin, 300-mil
SO package. The RTC maintains seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year
information. The date at the end of the month is automatically adjusted for months with fewer
than 31 days, including corrections for leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour or
12-hour format with an AM/PM indicator. Two programmable time-of day alarms and a
programmable square-wave output are provided. Address and data are transferred serially
through an I2C bidirectional bus. A precision temperature-compensated voltage reference and
comparator circuit monitors the status of VCC to detect power failures, to provide a reset
output, and to automatically switch to the backup supply when necessary. Additionally, the
RST pin is monitored as a pushbutton input for generating a µP reset.

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 Umar Katu, Achmad Zubair, Sahbuddin A.K

Figure 4 Schematic Ds3230 Figure 5 Module Ds3230

This RTC (Real Time Clock) module has very high accuracy and precision in counting
time by using RTC IC DS3231 extremely accurate temperature compensated RTC (TCXO).
DS3231 has an internal crystal and tuning capacitor circuit in which the temperature of the
crystal is monitored continuously and the capacitor is automatically adjusted to maintain a
stable pulse rate. Time counting on other RTC solutions can shift (drift) to a matter of minutes
per month, especially in conditions of extreme temperature changes. This module most shifts
only less than 1 minute per year, thus this module is suitable for critical applications that are
sensitive to the accuracy of time which does not need to be synchronized regularly to external
clocks. Accessing this module is done through the I2C interface which can be said to be
identical to the addressing register on the RTC DS1307, so the program code that has been
made for Arduino or other micro-controllers can run without needing to be modified. This
module is also equipped with IC AT24C32 which provides an additional EEPROM of 4 KB
(32,768 bits) that can be used for various purposes, for example to save a schedule (time
schedule), save alarm time settings, save holiday data on the calendar, record attendance, etc.
The address of this EEPROM can be set by shortening pad A0, A1, and A2 (8 address
options), by default it is set to address 0x57

2.4. GSM Shield Simcomm (SIM 900A)

Sim900A is an additional component as a short message sender used in this study. The
Sim900A GSM / GPRS module is the part that functions to communicate between the main
monitor and the cell phone. and PT.Satelindo are the two operators of GSM technology
pioneers in Indonesia. GSM uses digital technology, there are several advantages of using
digital technology compared to analog such as large capacity, better security systems and
more diverse services. GSM uses the combined access technology between FDMA
(Frequency Division Multiple Access) and TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) which
initially worked at 900 Mhz frequency and this is a standard pioneered by ETSI (The
European Telecommunication Standard Institute) where the frequency used with 25 Khz
frequency band width at 900 Mhz frequency band. The 25 Khz frequency band is then divided
into 124 frequency carriers consisting of 200 Khz each carrier. The 200 Khz frequency carrier
is then divided into 8 time slots where each user will make and receive calls in one time slot
based on time settings. GSM technology is currently the most widely used in the world and
also in Indonesia because one of the advantages of GSM is its extensive roaming capability so
it can be used in various countries. However, data access speeds on GSM networks are very
small at around 9.6 kbps, because initially it was only designed for sound use

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 Tidal Sea Water Measurement Monitoring System

Figure 6 SIM900A Module

2.5. Liquid Crystal Display (16 x 2)

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a type of display media that uses liquid crystal as the main
viewer. As for the features presented in this LCD are: - Consists of 16 characters and 2 lines. -
Has 192 saved characters. - There is a programmed character generator. - Can be addressed in
4-bit and 8-bit modes. - Equipped with back light. The initialization process for the arduino
pin connected to the LCD pins RS, Enable, D4, D5, D6, and D7, is carried out in the Liquid
Crystal row (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)

Figure 7 Liquid Crystal Display 16x2

2.6. System and Design

The first stage carried out in this research is system design. The system design consists of two
parts namely software design (Arduino IDE) and hardware design (System Making).The
design of the system to be made in this study is to design a tidal monitoring system using a
microcontroller with Arduino Uno as the control center and an Ultrasonic sensor besides the
gsm module as the sender of information via sms. The system also contains an LCD device to
display measured data to display data parameters as a reference for Tides. The basic concept
of this system is by transferring data obtained from the ultrasonic sensor and then sent to the
microcontroller and then received to the intended mobile system. The following block
diagram diagram shows the system that will be used in the tide monitoring system

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 Umar Katu, Achmad Zubair, Sahbuddin A.K

Figure 8 Block Diagram System

3. SYSTEM OPERATION
This system works firstly takes ultrasonic sensor data then displays the reading results on the
display. The system will save the ultrasonic sensor distance reading data on the sd card
module in accordance with the time given by the Real Time Clock (RTC) module, SMS
sending time will be determined by how long the duration of time programmed by a system,
the duration of time for sending Short Message Service (SMS) can be set as needed starting
from 5 minutes to 60 minutes for 1 time sending SMS. Wiring diagram system can be seen in
the following picture

Figure 9 Design Sytem Tidal Monitoring

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

From this System Design, it is needed some tests including the testing of the Ping Parallax
sensor to the reflection using water and the experiment table

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 Tidal Sea Water Measurement Monitoring System

Table 1 Parallax Ping sensor measurement

Disared Distance average distance Error
measurement results
30 30,21 0,67
40 40,31 0,75
50 50,62 1,20
60 60,11 1,83
70 70,91 1,29
80 81,3 1,62
90 90,71 0,78
100 100,9 0,90
110 111,5 1,36
120 122,1 2,16
130 132,3 2,15
140 142,2 1,57
150 152,7 1,80
160 163,3 2,06
170 174,1 2,35
180 183,7 2,05
190 194,2 2,21
200 204,7 2,35
210 212,1 2,41
230 232,4 2,43
250 253,1 2,47
300 304,2 3,12
From the sensor measurement data table above, it can be concluded that the percentage of
sensor errors is very small, namely around 3% of the reflected media used in the above
experiment is using water, the measurements are repeated repeatedly so as to obtain valid data
The next test is how long is the duration of response time for sending SMS and receiving
SMS The results of measuring the duration of sms using the Several provider can be seen in
the following table sending SMS is done every 5 minutes to send SMS

Table 2 Time Received SMS

Provider
Trial XL Telkomsel Indosat Axis
(Mentari)
1 5,71 2,1 6,1 4,1
2 6,3 2,3 6,3 5,2
3 5,53 1,9 7,2 5,6
From the test in table 1, it can be analyzed that the response time for sending SMS is not
stable. This is caused by timeliness SMS Center for sending SMS to mobile user. GSM
network signal is also very affect the SMS response time, usually GSM networks are very
influential in an area certain. If the area is far from the satellite transmitter GSM, the network
signal will also be more difficult got. Successfully tested on other GSM numbers as in
numbers Halo, XL, Axis, and Indosat (Mentari)
The following photos are the results of the installation of the system for tidal surveys that
can work well

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 Umar Katu, Achmad Zubair, Sahbuddin A.K

Figure 10 System Tidal Monitoring System

5. CONCLUDING REMARKS
From the results of making a tidal monitoring system it can be concluded is :
 The Ultrasonic Sensor can work well with a fairly small error percentage of around 2%
 The duration of time needed to receive a text is fast enough, still under 10 seconds
 SD card memory storage is quite reliable data format can also be made in the form of .txt or
even in the form of xls data types.

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[11] SIM900A https://components101.com/sites/default/files/component_datasheet/SIM900A

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