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Latent Heat Questions

Specific latent heat refers to the amount of energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature. There are two specific latent heats: specific latent heat of fusion and specific latent heat of vaporization. Specific latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid, while specific latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change a substance from a liquid to a gas. The SI units for both are joules per kilogram. Calculations can be done to determine the energy absorbed or released during state changes using the specific latent heat and mass of the substance.

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1K views2 pages

Latent Heat Questions

Specific latent heat refers to the amount of energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature. There are two specific latent heats: specific latent heat of fusion and specific latent heat of vaporization. Specific latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid, while specific latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change a substance from a liquid to a gas. The SI units for both are joules per kilogram. Calculations can be done to determine the energy absorbed or released during state changes using the specific latent heat and mass of the substance.

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annmarie
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Specific Latent Heat

Specific latent heat is the amount of energy required to change the state of a unit mass of the materials. As there
are two changes of state, each material has two specific latent heats:

Specific latent heat of fusion


Specific latent heat of fusion, lf, of a substance is defined as the amount of heat required to change a unit mass
of the substance from solid to liquid state, without any change in the temperature.

SI unit of specific latent heat of fusion, lf, is joule per kilogram (Jkg-1)

EH=mlf,
where
EH = amount of thermal energy absorbed or released
m = mass of substance
lf = specific latent heat of fusion.

Specific latent heat of vaporization


Specific latent heat of vaporization, lv, of a substance is defined as the amount of heat required to change unit
mass of the substance from liquid state to gas state without a temperature change.

SI unit of specific latent heat of vaporization, lv, of a substance is joule per kilogram (Jkg-1)

EH=mlV,
where
EH = amount of thermal energy absorbed or released
m = mass of substance
lV = specific latent heat of vaporization.
1. Calculate the amount of heat added to 1 gram gold to change phase from solid to liquid. The heat
of fusion for gold is 64.5 x 103 J/kg.

2. The heat of vaporization of water is 2257 Joules/gram. What energy in Joules is required to
convert 50 grams of water into steam?

3. Calculate the amount of heat released by 1 gram mercury to change phase from liquid to solid.
Heat of fusion for mercury is 11.8 x 103 J/kg.

4. Determine the amount of heat absorbed by 1 kg water to change phase from liquid to vapor
(steam). Heat of vaporization for water = 2256 x 103 J/kg

5. Determine the amount of heat released by nitrogen to change phase from vapor to liquid. Heat of
vaporization for nitrogen = 200 x 103 J/kg

6. How much heat energy is required to change 10kg of ice to water at 0oc? Take specific latent
heat of fusion = 336000JKg-1K-1.

7. If 1.13 x 106J of heat energy is required to convert 15kg of steam to water , calculate the specific
latent heat of vaporization

8. What quantity of heat is needed to melt 120g of ice at -20oc to water at 30oc? Specific heat
capacity of water and ice are 4200JKg-1K-1 and 2100JKg-1K-1 respectively.  And also to specific
latent heat 0f ice as 3.36 x 105JK-1

To solve this, it is going to take three stages before the final answer.

(a). the quantity of heat needed to change the ice of 120g from -20 oc to 0oc
Q = cim (Ѳ2- Ѳ1)
Ci =2100JKg-1K-1,  m = 120g = 0.12kg, and (Ѳ2- Ѳ1) = 0-(-20) = 20oc
Q = 2100 x 0.12 x 20 = 5040J

(b). the quantity of heat need to melt ice of 0 oc to water of 0oc


Q = mL
m = 0.12kg, and L = 3.36 x 105JK
Q = 0.12 x 3.36 x 105 = 40320J
(c). the quantity of heat needed to change the water from 0oc to 30oc

Q = mc(Ѳ2- Ѳ1)
m =0.12kg, c = 4200JKg-1K-1 (specific heat capacity of water), and (Ѳ2- Ѳ1)= 30 -0 = 30oc
Q = 0.12 x 4200 x 30 =15120J

So quantity of heat is needed to melt 120g of ice at -20 oc to water at 30oc, is sum total of a, b, and c
Q=  5040 + 40320 + 15120  = 60480J

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