DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project report entitled “SENSOR BASED

ACCIDENT PREVENTION SYSTEM”submitted to the Department of ELECTRONICS

AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING in partial fulfillment of requirements for the

award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY. This project is the result of our own

effort and that it has not been submitted to any other University or Institution for the award of any

degree or diploma other than specified above.

P.MAHATHI (169E1A04F8)
N.SWATHI REDDY (169E1A04E7)
N.SHARVANI (169E1A04D7)
Y.R.PRIYANKA (169E1A04H2)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are thankful to our guide Mr. N. GUNASEKHAR REDDY, for his valuable
guidance and encouragement. His helping attitude and suggestions have helped us in the
successful completion of the project.

We would like to express our gratefulness and sincere thanks to Dr. C.

CHANDRA SEKHAR, Head of the Department of ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING, for his kind help and encouragement during the
course of our study and in the successful completion of the project work.

We have great pleasure in expressing our hearty thanks to our beloved Principal
Dr. T. Kalapalatha Reddy for spending her valuable time with us to complete this
project.

Successful completion of any project cannot be done without proper support and
encouragement. We sincerely thanks to the Management for providing all the necessary
facilities during the course of study.

We would like to thank our parents and friends, who have the greatest
contributions in all our achievements, for the great care and blessings in making us
successful in all our endeavors.

P.MAHATHI (169E1A04F8)
N.SWATHI REDDY (169E1A04E7)
N.SHARVANI (169E1A04D7)
Y.R.PRIYANKA (169E1A04H2)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract i

List of Figures ii
List of Tables iii
List of Abbreviations iv

Chapter No. Description Page No.

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction to Embedded System 5
1.2 Tools 6
1.3 Need for Embedded System 6
1.4 Explanation for Embedded System 7
1.5 Application of Embedded System 7
1.6 Existing System 8
1.7 Proposed System 9
1.8 Advantages 9

2 Hardware Components 10
2.1 Elements of arduino boards 10
2.2 Software requirements 11
2.2.1:Introduction to Arduino IDE 11
.2.2.2:How to get Arduino IDE 11
2.3 Menu bar 13
2.4 Tool bar16
2.5 Libraries 19
2.5.1 standard libraries 19
2.6 Selecting board of arduino 21
2.7 Advantages of aurdino IDE 23
2.8 Basics of embedded C program 24
2.8.1 What is embedded system? 24
2.8.2 Programming embedded system 24
2.8.3 Factors for selecting the 25
programming language
2.8.4 Introduction to embedded
programming language 26
2.8.5 Difference between C and
embedded C 2
2.9 Programming basics 27
2.10 Hardware requirements 30
2.10.1 Arduino UNO Atmega 328 30
2.10.2 Features of arduino UNO board 30
2.10.3 Arduino UNO pin diagram 31
2.10.4 Power supply 34
2.10.5 Input and output 34
 2.10.6 Programming 35
2.10.7 Automatic software reset 35
2.10.8 USB over current protrction 36
2.10.9 Memory36
2.10.10 Communication37
2.10.11 How to use an aurdino
UNO37
2.10.12 High voltage protection of
USB 37
2.10.13 Physical characteristics 37
2.10.14 Applications of aurdino
UNO37
2.10.15 Power Supply 38
2.10.16 Input and Output 38
2.11 Ultrasonic sensor 39
2.11.1 How ultrasonic sensor work
39
2.11.2 Distance measurement 40
2.11.3 Ultrasonic sensor pin
configuration 41
2.11.4 HC-SR04 sensor features 41
2.11.5 Need of ultrasonic sensor 42
2.11.6 Applications of ultrasonic sensor
43
3 Interfacing between aurdino and
ultrasonic sensor 44
3.1 Serial monitor 46

4 Project result 47
5 Conclusion and future scope 49

References 50
 ABSTRACT

SENSOR BASED ACCIDENT PREVENTION SYSTEM

This paper describes about the prevention of the road accidents. If we gaze at top ten
dangerous roads in the world we can see that most of them are U-turns, mountain narrow roads.
In this case driver can’t see the vehicle coming from other side because of which thousands are
losing the lives in accidents. If the vehicle is in very high speed then it is difficult to control and
there are chances of falling to cliff. The solution for this problem is alerting the driver about the
vehicle coming from the other side. This is done by keeping the ultrasonic sensor on one side of
the road before the curve and keeping LED light after the curve, so that vehicle from the one side
of road is sensed by ultrasonic sensor and LED light glows at opposite side. By looking at the
LED light driver becomes alert and slow down the speed of the vehicle.

P. MAHATHI (169E1A04F8)
N. SWATHI REDDY (169E1A04E7)
N. SHARVANI (169E1A04D7)
Y.R. PRIYANKA (169E1A04H2)

(i)
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE DESCRIPTION PAGE

NO. NO.
1.1 Accident due to animals on road 1

1.2 Curved road 4

1.3 Block diagram of connection of components 9

2.1 Aurdino software monitor 12

2.2 Menu bar 13

2.3 Aurdino menu 13

2.4 File menu 14

2.5 Sample sketch to blink LED 15

2.6 Tool bar 16

2.7Sample sketch 17

2.8Aurdino simulation 18

2.9Libraries of aurdino 19

2.10 Aurdino board selection 21

2.11COM Indicating aurdino UNO 22

2.12Aurdino UNO board 31

2.13Aurdino UNO board pin configuration 34

2.14Ultrasonic sensor 39

2.15Distance calculation 40
3.1 Interfacing between aurdino and ultrasonic sensor 44

3.2 Uploading to I/O board 45

3.3 Serial monitor 46

4.1 Analysing the output of sensor based accident prevention system 47

4.2 Circuit fixed to the model of sensor based accident prevention system 47

4.3 Vehicle passimg through the road 48

4.4 Final output of sensor based accident prevention system by glowing LED 48

(ii)
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE DESCRIPTION PAGE

NO. NO.
2.1 Ultrasonic Pin Configuration 41

(iii)
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
LED Light Emitting Diode
IR Infrared Ray
RF Radio Frequency

(iv)