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4 Continous Time System

1) The document discusses properties of continuous time systems including memory, invertibility, causality, stability, and time invariance. A system is a process with cause-and-effect relationships where the input causes the output. 2) Memory refers to whether the system's output depends only on the current input or on past inputs as well. Systems with memory are dynamic while memoryless systems are static. 3) Time invariance means a time shift in the input results in the same time shift in the output. Examples and tests for each property are provided.

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63 views17 pages

4 Continous Time System

1) The document discusses properties of continuous time systems including memory, invertibility, causality, stability, and time invariance. A system is a process with cause-and-effect relationships where the input causes the output. 2) Memory refers to whether the system's output depends only on the current input or on past inputs as well. Systems with memory are dynamic while memoryless systems are static. 3) Time invariance means a time shift in the input results in the same time shift in the output. Examples and tests for each property are provided.

Uploaded by

Jr Olivarez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE121 - Signals Spectra

and Signal Processing


4 – Continuous Time Systems
Systems

A system is a process for which cause


and effect relations exists.

Cause – system input


Effect – system output
Relation – system model
Properties of Continuous Time
Systems
1. Memory
2. Invertibility
3. Causality
4. Stability
5. Time Invariance
6. Linear
1. Memory
A system has memory if its output at
time t0,y(t0), depends on input values
other than x(t0). Otherwise, the
system is memoryless.

A system with memory is also called a


dynamic system

A memoryless system is called a static


system
Examples
memoryless

memoryless

memoryless
2. Invertibility
• A system is said to be invertible if
distinct inputs results in distinct
outputs.
• Inverse of a system (denoted by T) is
a second system (denoted by Ti)
that, when cascaded with the
system T, yields the identity system.
• Identity system – the output is equal
to the input.
Examples
3. Causality
• A system is causal if the output at any time
t0 is dependent on the input only for t ≤ 0.

• A causal system is also called a non-


anticipatory system. All physical systems
are causal.
Example
4. Stability

• BIBO – bounded input bounded


output
• A system is stable if the output
remains bounded for any bounded
input.
Example

• Marginally
stable
5. Time Invariance

• A system is said to be time


invariant if a time shift in the input
signal results only in the same time
shift in the output signal.

• A time invariant system is called a


fixed system.
Test for time invariance
Example
6. Linearity

• A system is linear if and only if it


satisfies the principle of
superposition.
examples

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