Designation: A 1008/A 1008M – 01a

Standard Specification for

Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength
Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved
Formability1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 1008/A 1008M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers cold rolled structural, high- 3.1 Definitions:
strength low-alloy, and high-strength low-alloy with improved 3.1.1 For definitions of other terms used in this specifica-
formability steel sheet, in coils and cut lengths. tion, refer to Terminology A 941.
1.2 Cold rolled steel sheet is available in the designations as 3.1.2 stabilization—the addition of one or more nitride or
listed in 4.1. carbide forming elements, or both, such as titanium and
1.3 This specification does not apply to steel strip as columbium, to control the level of the interstitial elements of
described in Specification A 109. carbon and nitrogen in the steel.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units 3.1.2.1 Discussion—Stabilizing improves formability and
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the increases resistance to aging.
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each 3.1.3 vacuum degassing—a process of refining liquid steel
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must in which the liquid is exposed to a vacuum as part of a special
be used independently of the other. technique for removing impurities or for decarburizing the
steel.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3.2.1 aging—loss of ductility with an increase in hardness,
A 109 Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon, Cold Rolled2 yield strength, and tensile strength that occurs when steel that
A 366/A 366M Specification for Commercial Steel (CS), has been slightly cold worked (such as by temper rolling) is
Sheet, Carbon (0.15 Maximum Percentage), Cold-Rolled3 stored for some time.
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing 3.2.1.1 Discussion—Aging increases the tendency of a steel
of Steel Products4 to exhibit stretcher strains and fluting.
A 568/A 568M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, and
High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, 4. Classification
General Requirements for4 4.1 Cold-rolled steel sheet is available in the following
A 620/A 620M Specification for Drawing Steel (DS), designations:
Sheet, Carbon, Cold-Rolled3 4.1.1 Commercial Steel (CS Types A, B, and C),
A 941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Re- 4.1.2 Drawing Steel (DS Types A and B),
lated Alloys, and Ferroalloys5
NOTE 1—CS Type B and DS Type B describe the most common
E 517 Test Method for Plastic Strain Ratio r for Sheet product previously included, respectively, in Specifications A 366/
Metal6 A 366M and A 620/A 620M.
E 646 Test Method for Tensile Strain-Hardening Exponents
4.1.3 Deep Drawing Steel (DDS),
(n-Values) of Metallic Sheet Materials6
4.1.4 Extra Deep Drawing Steel (EDDS),
4.1.5 Structural Steel (SS grades 25[170], 30[205], 33[230]
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Types 1 and 2, 40[275] Types 1 and 2, and 80[550]),
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 4.1.6 High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel (HSLAS, in classes 1
A01.19 on Steel Sheet and Strip.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2001. Published October 2001. Originally
and 2, in grades 45[310], 50[340]. 55[380], 60[410], 65[450],
published as A 1008/A 1008M - 00. Last previous edition A 1008/A 1008M - 01. and 70[480] in Classes 1 and 2), and
2
Discontinued and replaced by A 109/A 109M. See 1997 Annual Book of ASTM 4.1.7 High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel with Improved Form-
Standards, Vol. 01.03. ability (HSLAS-F grades 50[340], 60[410], 70[480], and
3
Discontinued; see 2000 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. Replaced
by A 1008/A 1008M. 80[550]).
4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. 4.1.7.1 HSLAS-F steel has improved formability when
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01. compared to HSLAS. The steel is fully deoxidized, made to
6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.

Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 A 1008/A 1008M
fine grain practice and includes microalloying elements such as chaser should contact the producer regarding possible limitations prior to
columbium, vanadium, zirconium, etc. The steel may be placing an order.
treated to achieve inclusion control. 5.1.7 Coil size (must include inside diameter, outside diam-
4.2 Cold-rolled steel sheet is supplied for either exposed or eter, and maximum weight),
unexposed applications. Within the latter category, cold-rolled 5.1.8 Copper bearing steel (if required),
sheet is specified either “temper rolled” or “annealed last.” For 5.1.9 Quantity,
details on processing, attributes and limitations, and inspection 5.1.10 Application (part identification and description),
standards, refer to Specification A 568/A 568M. 5.1.11 Special requirements (if required), or supplementary
5. Ordering Information requirement S1 for HSLAS, and
5.1.12 A report of heat analysis will be supplied, if re-
5.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the quested, for CS, DS, DDS, and EDDS. For materials with
purchase order all ordering information necessary to describe required mechanical properties, SS, HSLAS, and HSLAS-F, a
the required material. Examples of such information include, report is required of heat analysis and mechanical properties as
but are not limited to, the following: determined by the tension test.
5.1.1 ASTM specification number and year of issue,
5.1.2 Name of material and designation (cold-rolled steel NOTE 3—A typical ordering description is as follows: ASTM A
sheet) (include grade, type, and class, as appropriate, for CS, 1008-XX, cold rolled steel sheet, CS Type A, exposed, matte finish, oiled,
0.035 by 30 in. by coil, ID 24 in., OD 48 in., max weight 15 000 lbs,
DS, DDS, EDDS, SS, HSLAS, or HSLAS-F) (see 4.1), thickness tolerance Table 18 of Specification A 568/A 568M, 100 000 lb,
5.1.2.1 When a type is not specified for CS or DS, Type B for part No. 4560, Door Panel.
will be furnished (see 4.1), or:
5.1.2.2 When a class is not specified for HSLAS, Class 1 ASTM A 1008M-XX, cold-rolled steel sheet, SS grade 275, unexposed,
will be furnished (see 4.1), matte finish, oiled, 0.88 mm by 760 mm by 2440 mm, thickness tolerance
5.1.2.3 When a type is not specified for SS33[230] and Table A1.15 of Specification A 568/A 568M, 10 000 kg, for shelf bracket.
SS40[275], Type 1 will be furnished (see 4.1), 6. General Requirements for Delivery
5.1.3 Classification (either exposed, unexposed, temper
rolled, or annealed last) (see 4.2), 6.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-
5.1.4 Finish (see 9.1), form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of
5.1.5 Oiled or not oiled, as required (see 9.2), Specification A 568/A 568M unless otherwise provided herein.
5.1.6 Dimensions (thickness, thickness tolerance table (see 7. Chemical Composition
5.1.6.1), width, and whether cut lengths or coils), 7.1 The heat analysis of the steel shall conform to the
5.1.6.1 As agreed upon between the purchaser and the chemical composition requirements of the appropriate desig-
producer, material ordered to this specification will be supplied nation shown in Table 1 for CS, DS, DDS, and EDDS and in
to meet the applicable thickness tolerance table shown in Table 2 for SS, HSLAS, and HSLAS-F.
Specification A 568/A 568M, 7.2 Each of the elements listed in Table 1 and Table 2 shall
NOTE 2—Not all producers are capable of meeting all the limitations of be included in the report of the heat analysis. When the amount
the thickness tolerance tables in Specification A 568/A 568M. The pur- of copper, nickel, chromium, or molybdenum is less than
TABLE 1 Chemical CompositionA
For Cold Rolled Steel Sheet Designations CS, DS, DDS, and EDDS
Composition, % Heat Analysis
(Element Maximum Unless Otherwise Shown
Designation C Mn P S Al Si CuB NiB CrB,C MoB V Cb Ti N
D,E,F,G H I
CS Type A 0.10 0.60 0.030 0.035 ... ... 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.008 ...
CS Type BD 0.02 to 0.60 0.030 0.035 ... ... 0.20H 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.008I ...
0.15
CS Type CD,E,F,G 0.08 0.60 0.10 0.035 ... ... 0.20H 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.008I ...
DS Type AE,J 0.08 0.50 0.020 0.030 0.01 min ... 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.008I ...
DS Type B 0.02 to 0.50 0.020 0.030 0.02 min ... 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.008I ...
0.08
DDSF,G 0.06 0.50 0.020 0.025 0.01 min ... 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 0.008I ...
EDDSK 0.02 0.40 0.020 0.020 0.01 min ... 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.03 0.008 0.10 0.15 ...
A
Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, there is no requirement, but the analysis result shall be reported.
B
The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.50 % on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements is specified by the purchaser,
the sum does not apply, in which case only the individual limits on the remaining elements shall apply.
C
Chromium is permitted, at the producer’s option, to 0.25 % maximum when the carbon content is less than or equal to 0.05 %. In such case the limit on the sum of
the four elements in Footnote B does not apply.
D
When an aluminum deoxidized steel is required for the application, Commercial Steel (CS) may be ordered to a minimum of 0.01 % total aluminum.
E
Specify Type B to avoid carbon levels below 0.02 %.
F
May be furnished as a vacuum degassed or chemically stabilized steel, or both, at the producer’s option.
G
For carbon levels less than or equal to 0.02 %, columbium or titanium, or both, may be used as stabilizing elements at the producer’s option. In such cases, the
applicable limit for columbium shall be 0.10 % max. and the limit on titanium shall be 0.15 % max.
H
When copper steel is specified, the copper limit is a minimum requirement. When copper steel is not specified, the copper limit is a maximum requirement.
I
Except for EDDS, titanium is permitted, at producer’s option, to 0.025 % provided the ratio of % titanium to % nitrogen does not exceed 3.4.
J
DS Type A may be furnished as a vacuum degassed steel, at the producers option.
K
Shall be furnished as a vacuum degassed and stabilized steel.

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 A 1008/A 1008M
TABLE 2 Chemical CompositionA
For Cold Rolled Steel Sheet Designations SS, HSLAS, and HSLAS-F
% Heat Analysis, Element Maximum unless otherwise shown
Designation C Mn P S Al Si CuB,C NiB CrB MoB V Cb N
SS:
Grade 25 [170] 0.20 0.60 0.035 0.035 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 . . .
Grade 30 [205] 0.20 0.60 0.035 0.035 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 . . .
Grade 33 [230] Type 1 0.20 0.60 0.035 0.035 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 . . .
Grade 33 [230] Type 2 0.15 0.60 0.20 0.035 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 . . .
Grade 40 [275] Type 1 0.20 0.90 0.035 0.035 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 . . .
Grade 40 [275] Type 2 0.15 0.60 0.20 0.035 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 . . .
Grade 80 [550] 0.20 0.60 0.035 0.035 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.008 0.008 . . .

HSLAS:D
Grade 45 [310] Class 1 0.22 1.65 0.04 0.04 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.01 min 0.005 min ...
Grade 45 [310] Class 2 0.15 1.65 0.04 0.04 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.01 min 0.005 min ...
Grade 50 [340] Class 1 0.23 1.65 0.04 0.04 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.01 min 0.005 min ...
Grade 50 [340] Class 2 0.15 1.65 0.04 0.04 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.01 min 0.005 min ...
Grade 55 [380] Class 1 0.25 1.65 0.04 0.04 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.01 min 0.005 min ...
Grade 55 [380] Class 2 0.15 1.65 0.04 0.04 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.01 min 0.005 min ...
Grade 60 [410] Class 1 0.26 1.65 0.04 0.04 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.01 min 0.005 min ...
Grade 60 [410] Class 2 0.15 1.65 0.04 0.04 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.01 min 0.005 min 0.020
Grade 65 [450] Class 1 0.26 1.65 0.04 0.04 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.01 min 0.005 min 0.012
Grade 65 [450] Class 2 0.15 1.65 0.04 0.04 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.01 min 0.005 min 0.020
Grade 70 [780] Class 1 0.26 1.65 0.04 0.04 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.01 min 0.005 min 0.012
Grade 70 [780] Class 2 0.15 1.65 0.04 0.04 . . . . . . 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.01 min 0.005 min 0.020

HSLAS-F:E
Grade 50[340], 60[410],
70[480], and 80[550] 0.15 1.65 0.020 0.025 ... ... 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.06 ... ... ...
A
Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in the table, there is no requirement but, the analysis shall be reported.
B
The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.50 %. When one or more of these elements are specified by the purchaser, the sum does
not apply, in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining unspecified elements will apply.
C
When copper is specified, the copper limit is a minimum requirement. When copper steel is not specified, the copper limit is a maximum requirement.
D
For HSLAS steels, columbium and vanadium may be added singly or in combination.
E
These steels shall also contain one or more of the following elements: Vanadium, Titanium, and Columbium. Other alloying elements may be present, but are not
required.

0.02 %, the analysis may be reported as < 0.02 %. When the 8.1.2 The material shall be capable of being bent, at room
amount of vanadium, columbium, or titanium is less than temperature, in any direction through 180° flat on itself without
0.008 %, the analysis may be reported as < 0.008 %. cracking on the outside of the bent portion (see Section 14 of
7.3 Sheet steel grades defined by this specification are Test Methods and Definitions A 370).
suitable for welding if appropriate welding conditions are 8.1.3 Sheet of these designations except for EDDS may be
selected. For certain welding processes, more restrictive com- subject to aging dependent upon processing factors such as the
position limits may be desirable and should be requested at the
method of annealing (continuous annealing or box annealing),
time of inquiry and ordering.
and chemical composition. For additional information on
8. Mechanical Properties aging, see Appendix X1 of Specification A 568/A 568M.
8.1 CS, DS, DDS, and EDDS: 8.1.4 EDDS steel is stabilized to be nonaging and so is not
8.1.1 Typical nonmandatory mechanical properties for CS, subject to stretcher strains and fluting. Other steels may be
DS, DDS and EDDS are shown in Table 3. processed to be nonaging; please consult your supplier.

TABLE 3 Typical Ranges of Mechanical PropertiesA

(Nonmandatory)B
For Cold Rolled Steel Sheet Designations CS, DS, DDS and EDDS
Designation Yield StrengthC Elongation in 2 in. [50 rm ValueD n-ValueE
mm] %C
ksi MPa
CS Types A, B, and C 20 to 40 [140 to 275] $ 30 F F

DS Types A and B 22 to 35 [150 to 240] $ 36 1.3 to 1.7 0.17 to 0.22

DDS 17 to 29 [115 to 200] $ 38 1.4 to 1.8 0.20 to 0.25
EDDS 15 to 25 [105 to 170] $ 40 1.7 to 2.1 0.23 to 0.27
A
These typical mechanical properties apply to the full range of steel sheet thicknesses. The yield strength tends to increase, the elongation decreases and some of the
formability values tend to decrease as the sheet thickness decreases.
B
The typical mechanical property values presented here are nonmandatory. They are provided to assist the purchaser in specifying a suitable steel for a given
application. Values outside of these ranges are to be expected.
C
Yield Strength and elongation are measured in the longitudinal direction in accordance with Test Methods A 370.
D
Average plastic strain ratio (rm value) as determined by Test Method E 517.
E
The strain hardening exponent (n-value) as determined by Test Method E 646.
F
No typical properties have been established.

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 A 1008/A 1008M
8.2 SS, HSLAS and HSLAS-F: 8.2.3.1 The suggested minimum inside radii for cold bend-
8.2.1 The available strength grades for SS, HSLAS and ing are listed in Appendix X1 and is discussed in more detail
HSLAS-F are shown in Table 4. in Specification A 568/A 568M (Section 6). Where a tighter
8.2.2 Tension Tests: bend radius is required, where curved or offset bends are
8.2.2.1 Requirements—Material as represented by the test involved, or where stretching or drawing are also a consider-
specimen shall conform to the mechanical property require- ation, the producer should be consulted.
ments specified in Table 4. These requirements do not apply to
the uncropped ends of unprecessed coils. 9. Finish and Appearance
8.2.2.2 Number of Tests—Two tension tests shall be made 9.1 Surface Finish:
from each heat or from each 50 tons [45 000 kg]. When the 9.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the sheet shall have a
amount of finished material from a heat is less than 50 tons matte finish. When required, a controlled surface texture and
[145 000 kg], one test shall be made. When material rolled condition may be specified.
from heat differs 0.050 in. [1.27 mm] or more in thickness, one For additional information see “Finish and Condition” sec-
tension test shall be made from the thickest and thinnest tion of Specification A 568/A 568M.
matereial regardless of the weight represented. 9.2 Oiling:
8.2.2.3 Tension test specimens shall be taken at a point 9.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, the sheet shall be oiled.
immediately adjacent to the material to be qualified. 9.2.2 When required, the sheet may be specified to be
8.2.2.4 Tension test specimens shall be taken from the full furnished not oiled (dry).
thickness of the sheet.
8.2.2.5 Tension test specimens shall be taken from a loca- 10. Retests and Resamples
tion approximately halfway between the center of the sheet and 10.1 Retests—If the results on an original tension test
the edge of the material as rolled. specimen are within 2 ksi [14 MPa] of the required tensile
8.2.2.6 Tension test samples shall be taken with the length- strength, within 1 ksi [7 MPa] of the required yield point, or
wise axis of the test specimen parallel to the rolling direction within two percentage points of the required elongation, a
(longitudinal test). retest shall be permitted for which one test specimen selected
8.2.2.7 Test Method—Yield strength shall be determined by at random shall be tested. If the results of this retest specimen
either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension under satisfy the specified mechanical properties and all other re-
load method unless otherwise specified. quirements of the applicable specification are satisfied, the
8.2.3 Bending Properties: material shall be accepted. Retests are permitted in accordance

TABLE 4 Mechanical Property RequirementsA

For Cold Rolled Steel Sheet Designations SS, HSLAS, and HSLAS-F
Designation Yield Strength, min Tensile Strength, min Elongation in 2 in. or
50 mm, min, %
ksi [MPa] ksi [MPa]
SS:
Grade 25 [170] 25 [170] 42 [290] 26
Grade 30 [205] 30 [205] 45 [310] 24
Grade 33 [230] Types 1 33 [230] 48 [330] 22
and 2
Grade 40 [275] Types 1 40 [275] 52 [360] 20
and 2
Grade 80 [550] 80B [550] 82 [565] C

HSLAS:
Grade 45 [310] Class 1 45 [310] 60 [410] 22
Grade 45 [310] Class 2 45 [310] 55 [380] 22
Grade 50 [340] Class 1 50 [340] 65 [450] 20
Grade 50 [340] Class 2 50 [340] 60 [410] 20
Grade 55 [380] Class 1 55 [380] 70 [480] 18
Grade 55 [380] Class 2 55 [380] 65 [450] 18
Grade 60 [410] Class 1 60 [410] 75 [520] 16
Grade 60 [410] Class 2 60 [410] 70 [480] 16
Grade 65 [450] Class 1 65 [450] 80 [550] 15
Grade 65 [450] Class 2 65 [450] 75 [520] 15
Grade 70 [480] Class 1 70 [480] 85 [585] 14
Grade 70 [480] Class 2 70 [480] 80 [550] 14

HSLAS-F:
Grade 50 [340] 50 [340] 60 [410] 22
Grade 60 [410] 60 [410] 70 [480] 18
Grade 70 [480] 70 [480] 80 [550] 16
Grade 80 [550] 80 [550] 90 [620] 14
A
For coil products, testing by the producer is limited to the end of the coil. Mechanical properties throughout the coil shall comply with the minimum values specified.
B
On this full-hard product, the yield strength approaches the tensile strength and since there is no halt in the gage or drop in the beam, the yield point shall be taken
as the yield stress at 0.5 % extension under load.
C
There is no requirement for elongation in 2 in. for SS Grade 80.

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 A 1008/A 1008M
with Specification A 568/A 568M. an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be
10.2 Resamples—Resamples are permitted in accordance regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in
with Specification A 568/A 568M. the certifier’s facility. The content of the EDI transmitted
document must meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM
11. Certification standard(s) and conform to any existing EDI agreement be-
11.1 A report of heat analysis shall be supplied, if requested, tween the purchaser and the supplier. Notwithstanding the
for CS, DS, DDS, and EDDS steels. For material with required absence of a signature, the organization submitting the EDI
mechanical properties, SS, HSLAS, and HSLAS-F, a report is transmission is responsible for the content of the report.
required of heat analysis and mechanical properties as deter-
mined by the tension test. 12. Product Marking
11.2 The report shall include the purchase order number, the 12.1 In addition to the requirements of Specification A 568/
ASTM designation number and year date, product designation, A 568M, each lift or coil shall be marked with the designation
grade, type or class, as applicable, the heat number, and as shown on the order {CS (Type A, B, or C), DS (Type A or B),
required, heat analysis and mechanical properties as indicated DDS, EDDS, SS, HSLAS, or HSLAS-F}. The designation
by the tension test. shall be legibly stenciled on the top of each lift or shown on a
11.3 A signature is not required on the test report. However, tag attached to each coil or shipping unit.
the document shall clearly identify the organization submitting
the report. Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the 13. Keywords
organization submitting the report is responsible for the content 13.1 carbon steel sheet; cold-rolled steel sheet; steel sheet;
of the report. commercial steel; drawing steel; deep drawing steel; extra deep
11.4 A Material Test Report, Certificate of Inspection, or drawing steel; high-strength low-alloy steel; high-strength
similar document printed from or used in electronic form from low-alloy steel with improved formability; structural steel

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

FOR COLD ROLLED HSLAS STEEL SHEET

The following supplementary requirements shall apply when specified in the order or contract:

S1. Elements Type 1—Columbium

Type 2—Vanadium
S1.1 When a purchaser prefers to designate the specific Type 3—Columbium and Vanadium
elements (columbium, vanadium, nitrogen, or combinations Type 4—Vanadium and Nitrogen

thereof), one of the types listed below shall be specified. The S1.2 The composition limits of Section 7 shall apply for any
type, in addition to the grade, must be shown on the order: of these elements.

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 A 1008/A 1008M

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. BENDING PROPERTIES

TABLE X1.1 Suggested Minimum Inside Radius for Cold Bending

NOTE 1—(t) Equals a radius equivalent to the steel thickness.

NOTE 2—The suggested radius should be used as a minimum for 90°
bends in actual shop practice
NOTE 3—Material which does not perform satisfactorily, when fabri-
cated in accordance with the requirements, may be subject to rejection
pending negotiation with the steel supplier.
Product Grade Minimum Inside Radius for
Cold Bending
Structural Steel 25[170] 12⁄t
30[205] 1t
33[230] 11⁄2 t
40[275] 2t
80[550] not applicable

High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Class 1 Class 2

45[310] 11⁄2 t 11⁄2t
50[340] 2t 11⁄2 t
55[380] 2t 2t
60[410] 21⁄2 t 2t
65[450] 3t 21⁄2 t
70[480] 31⁄2 t 3t

High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel

with Improved Formability 50[340] 1t
60[410] 11⁄2 t
70[480] 2t
80[550] 2t

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 A 1008/A 1008M

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