Marking Scheme

Module 2 (Algebra and Calculus)

This document was prepared for markers' reference. It should not be regarded as a set of model answers.
Candidatesand teachers who were not involved in the marking process are advised to interpret its contentswith
care.

General Marking Instructions

I. It is very important that all markers should adhere as closely as possible to the marking scheme. In many
cases, however, candidates will have obtained a correct answerby an alternativemethod not specifiedin the
marking scheme. In general, a correct answer merits all the marks allocated to that part, unless a particular
method has been specified in the question. Markers should be patient in marking alternative solutions not
specified in the marking scheme.

2. In the marking scheme, marks are classified into the followingthree categories:
'M' marks awarded for correct methods being used;
'A' marks awarded for the accuracy of the answers;
Marks without 'M' or 'A' awarded for correctly completinga proof or arriving
at an answer given in a question;
In a question consisting of several parts each dependingon the previous parts, 'M' marks should be awarded
to steps or methods correctly deduced from previous answers,even if these answers are erroneous. However,
'A' marks for the corresponding answers should NOT be awarded (unless otherwise specified).

3. For the convenience of markers,the marking scheme was written as detailed as possible. However, it is still
likely that candidates would not present their solution in the same explicit manner, e.g. some steps would
either be omitted or stated implicitly. In such cases, markers should exercise their discretion in marking
candidates' work. In general, marks for a certain step shouldbe awarded if candidates' solution indicatedthat
the relevant concept/techniquehad been used.

4. In marking candidates' work, the benefit of doubt should be given in the candidates' favour.

5. In the marking scheme, 'd.' stands for 'accepting answers which can be rounded off to' and 'f.t.' stands for
'follow through'. Steps which can be skipped are 118 whereas alternative answers are enclosed with
[ectanglesl. All fractional answers must be simplified. ·

6. Unless otherwise specified in the question, numerical answers not given in exact values should not be
accepted.

66
 Solution Marks Remarks

d
1. -sec60
dB

=
rlffi sec6(0+h)-sec60 IM
h➔O h
= Jim cos 60 - cos 6( 0 + h)
h➔O hcos6(0+h)cos60

= Jim 2sin(60+3h)sin3h IM
h➔O hcos6( 0+ h )cos60

6 (r sin3h)(r sin(60+3h)) IM
= h~ 3h h~ cos6(0+h)cos60

= 6 ( 1{sin60) IM withhold IM if the step is skipped

cos 2 60
= 6sec60tan60 IA
----------( 5)

2. Note that (1 + ax) 8 =I+ cfax+ C~ (ax) 2 + ••• + (ax) 8 and IM

9 8 1 2 2 7 8 9
(b+x)9 =b +C[b x+Cib x +···+Cjb x +Ci bx +x • IM
Also note that A-2 : µ 7 = 7: 4 and A-1 + µ 8 + 6 = 0 .

C 8a 2 7
Therefore, we have ~ = - and Sa+ 9b + 6 = 0 . IM for either one
C7 b 4
So, we have 4a 2 =9b 2 and 8a+9b+6=0.

Hence, we have 4a 2 -9(-s;-

Simplifying, we have 7 a 2 + 24a + 9 = 0 .
6
r =0.

IM for pa 2 + qa + r = 0
-3
Thus, we have a= -3 or a=- . IA for both correct
7
----------( 5)

67
 Solution I Marks 1- Remarks

3. (a) -
OP

=-a+-b
2
2+3
3
2+3

=-a+-b
2
5
3
5
I lA

(b) (i) a•b

=!all bl cosLAOB I IM

= (45)(20{ ¾)
=225 lA

2
I
(ii) IOPl
=(¾a+¾b
}(¾a+¾b)
4
=-la!
25
2 +2 -
5
(2)(3)- a·b+-lbl9
5 25
2

=324+108+144 I IM I for using (b)(i)

=576

IOPI
= ✓576
=24 I----------(
lA
5)

4. (a) fx2e-xdx
=-fx2de-x
= -x2e-x + fe-xdx2 I IM I for integration by parts
=-x 2e-x +2f xe-xdx I IA
=-x 2e-x -2f xde-x

=-x 2 e-x -2(xe-x -fe-xdx)

= -x 2e-x -2xe-x -2e-x + constant
I IA
=-e-x(x 2 +2x+2)+constant

(b) The required area

= J:x2e-xdx I IM

= [-e-x(x 2 +2x+2) ]~ ( by (a)) I IM I for using the result of (a)

=2- 50 IA
e6
I----------(6)

68
 Solution Marks Remarks

II 2 -1
5. (a) (i) L.
i~ 8 -11 ;::0 lM
i?
l- 3 h
8h-44-9+ 16+33-6h :;t:0
2h-4:;t:O
h=t:-2 lA
h<2 or h>2

(ii) z

I 2 11
3 8 49
2 3 k
= IM
2h-4
k-14
-- IA
h-2

l
(b) When h =2 , the augmented matrix of (E) is

1 2 -1 11] [I 2 -1
3 8 -11 49 - 0 1 -4 -5
8 . IM
[
23 2 k 000 k-14

Since (E) has infinitely many solutions, we have h =2 and k = 14 .

Thus,thesolutionsetof (E) is {(-7t-5,4t+8,t):tER}. IA
----------( 6)

69
 Solution Marks Remarks.

6. (a) Let r cm be the radius of the water surface in the container.

. r 15 r 3
Smee -=-, we have -=- IM
h 20 h 4
3h
So, we have r =-
4
A

=ff(3:)✓h 2 +(3:r IM

=ff(3: )✓~~h
2

2
=1.?_ffh
16

(b) Let d cm be the depth of water when the volume of water in the
container is 96ff cm 3 •

Note that ffd

3 4
(3d)= 2
96ff . IM

So, we have d =8 . IA
15 2
By(a),wehave A=-ffh .
16
. dA 15 dh
Attlme ts, wehave -=-ffh-. IM
dt 8 dt
dh 3
Also note that - =-
dt ff

Therefore, we have
~ h=8
= -15 ff (8) (3)
8
-
ff
.

Hence, we have -dAI = 45 . IA

dt h=8
Thus, the required rate of change is 45 c~ 2/s .
----------(7)

70
 Solution Marks Remarks

7. (a) sin3x
=sin(x+2x)
= sinxcos2x + cosxsin2x lM
= sinx( cos2 x-sin 2 x) + 2sin xcos 2 x
2 2
=sinx(l-2sin x) +2sinx(l-sin x)
3
= 3sinx-4sin x

(b) (i)

. 3xcos--cos
sm 37Z' 3xsm-
. 37Z'
= ___ ____.4
____ ___,4_
lM
• 7Z' • 7Z'
smxcos--cosxsm-
4 4
-1
_✓2(sin3x+cos3x)

- ~(sinx-cosx)

cos3x + sin3x
=-----
cosx-sinx

(ii)
cos3x+sin3x =2
cosx-sinx

sin3( x-:)
----,-------,-~ = 2 ( by (b)(i)) IM for using (b )(i)
sin(x-:)

Note that sin( x-:)* 0 .

2
3-4sin (x-:)=2 (by(a)) lM for using (a)

l-4sin
2
( x-: )=o

(1-2sin( x-:))( 1+2sin(x-; )) = 0 IM

7i) 1
2 , we ave
. ,r <x< ,r h . ( x-
Smce
4 sm
4 =2 .
7Z' 7f
Therefore, we have x - - = - .
4 6
5,r
Thus, we have x = - . IA
12
1---1(8)

71
 Solution Marks Remarks

8. (a) The slope of the tangent to I' at P

I I
3
= f'(e )

I 2
=-ln(e3)
e3
I IM

6
=-
e3

The equation of the tangent to I' at P is

6 3
y-7=-(x-e)
e3
6x-e 3y+e 3 =0 I IA

(b) f(x)

= f I
~lnx 2 dx

=2 flnx dlnx I IM

=(lnx)2 +C
3 2
Since I' passes through P, we have 7 =(lne ) +C . I IM
Solving, we have C = -2 .
Thus, the equation of I' is y = (In x )2 - 2 . I IA

(c) Note that f"(x) = 2-2lnx I IA

x2
Therefore, we have f"(x) = 0 <=> x=e.

X (O,e) e (e,oo)
IM
f"(x) + 0 -
Thus, the point of inflexion of I' is ( e, -1) . IA
----------(8)

72
 Solution Marks Remarks

9. (a) The equation of the vertical asymptote is x + 4 = 0 . IA

36
Notethat f(x)=x-9+--. IM
x+4
Thus,the equation of the oblique asymptote is y = x - 9 . IA
----------(3)

(b) f'(x)

=_!(x-9+~)
dx x+4
2
= I +36(-l)(x+4)- IM

= 1- 36 IA
(x + 4) 2

f'(x)

= ![ x:::x)
2
(x+4)(2x-5)-(x -5x)
==--------
(x + 4)
2
IM

x 2 +8x-20
=---- IA
(x+4)2
----------(2)

(x+ IO)(x-2)
(c) Note that f'(x) = 2
(x+4)
So, we have f'(x)=O <=> x=-10 or x=2. IA

X (-oo, -10) -10 (-10, -4) (-4,2) 2 (2, oo)

f'(x) + 0 - - 0 + IM
f(x) 71 -25 ~ ~ -1 71

Thus, the maximum point and the minimum point of G are (-10, -25) IA
and (2, -1) respectively. IA

(x + IO)(x-2) 72
Note that f'(x) = 2
and f"(x) = 3
(x+4) (x+4)
So, we have f'(x)=O <=>x=-10 or x=2. IA
-1 1
Also note that f"(- 10) = - < 0 and f"(2) = - > 0 . IM
3 3
Furthernote that f(-10) =-25 and f(2) =-1 .
Thus, the maximum point and the minimum point of G are (-10, -25) IA
and (2, -1) respectively. IA
----------( 4)

73
 Solution Marks Remarks

(d) The required volume

=H
0
J
J'("'-SX x+4
dx lM

=7r f( x-9+-- 36 )' dx

x+4

f(
0

=7r X
2
- 18x+ 81 + 72(x-9) + l 2962 ) dx
0
x+4 (x+4)

=7r
f(0
x2 -18x+153---+
936
x+4
1296
(x+4) 2ldx IM

=7r
[ x3
--9x
3
2
+153x-936lnlx+41---
1296
x+4 ]' 0
IM

=(2~ 85
-18721n(½))1r IA

The required volume

={[ x'-sx
x+4
J dx IM

f
0
2
9 (x-4)2(x-9)
=7r dx
4 x2

= 1r s:( 4
x -26x +24~:-936x+
3
1296) dx IM

=7r f4
9 ( X2 -26x+241--+--936
X
1296) dx
x2

X ., 2 1296
=7r [ 3 -bx +24lx-936l:µlxl--x- ]' IM
3 4

2 85
=( ~ -1872ln(½) )1r IA

(4)

74
 Solution Marks Remarks

10. (a) Notethat -

AB=2i+j+k and AC=6i-6j.
AE
I -
=-AC+-AB r - IM any one - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -,
l+r l+r
2r + 6 . r - 6 . r k
=--1+--J+-- I
r+l r+l r+l I
I

Also note that AE=...!_AF+ AD and

_!_Q_ AC = 2 AD -------------~--------~
I

I
I

11 11 I
I
I
I
AF I
I
I
=11AE-5AC I
I
I
-Sr+36. 4lr-36. llr k for both· - - - - -~
=---1+---J+-- IA
r+I r+I r+l
2
Since A , B and F are collinear, we have = = IM
-Sr+36 4Ir-36 l lr
6
Solving, we have r =- . IA 1.2
5
----------( 4)
- I-
(b) (i) Notethat AD =-AC =3i-3j.
2

By (a), we have AE= ...!_(42i- 24 j + 6k) . IM forusing (a)

11
AD·DE
= AD ·(AE -AD)

=(3i-3j)·L\ (9i+9j+6k))

=0 IA

(ii) AB·BC IM
= AB ·(AC -AB)
=(2i+ j+k)·(4i-7j-k)
=0
Therefore, we have L.ABC = 90° = LADE . IM
So, we have L.CBF = 90° = L.CDF .
Thus, B , D , C and F are concyclic. IA f.t.
----------( 5)

(c) Note that AF =I2i+6j+6k and AP =i+7j-2k.

Since L.CBF = 90° , Q is the mid-point of CF.
- I- -
Therefore, we have AQ =-(AC+ AF)= 9i + 3k . IM
2
The volume of the tetrahedron ABPQ

=¼IAQ·(ABxAP)I IM

9 0 3
I
=- 2
6
I 7 -2
=7 IA
----------(3)

75
 Solution Marks Remarks
I I
11. (a) r I
o x 2 +2x+3 dx

- f I
- o (x+l)2 +2
dx I IM

__ 1 [ tan-'(~)]'
- ..fi ..fi I IM
2 2 0

~ ~[ 1an-1 ✓2-1an-1 ( ~ )]

= ~ tan-1( :2) I IA
I
----------(3)
I
2tan0
(b) (i)
l+tan 2 0
2sin0
--
cos0
sin2 0
1+-- 2
cos 0
=2sin0cos0
=sin20

l-tan 2 0
I+ tan2 0
_ sin2 0
1
cos 2 0
~
sm
1+-- 2
cos 0
= cos2 0-sin 2 0
=cos20
d0
(ii) Let t = tan0 . Then, we have - = -- • I IM
dt 1 + t 2
1 I l+t 2
Note that = 2
sin 20 + cos 20 + 2 2t l-t = t 2 +2t+3
--+--+
2 2
2
l+t l+t
,r

i-o sin20+cos20+2
4
dB

=
f0
l+t
2
( I d
t 2 + 2t + 3 I + t2 t
J I IM

= f0
I
t2 +2t + 3
dt

= f I
o x2 +2x+3
dx

= ~ tan-1( :2) ( by (a)) I IM I (a)

I
----------( 5)

76
I
 Solution Marks Remarks

(c) Let y = 7t -0 . Then, we have dB= -1 IM

4 dy
7f

f4 sin20+1 dB
Jo sin20+cos20+2
ro sin(f-2y)+1 .

=- J~sin(;
-2y )+cos(;
-2y )+
2 dy

7f
f4 cos2y+l d
= Jo cos2y+sin2y+2 y

= f; cos20+1 dB
Jo sin20+cos20+2
----------(2)

(d)
f; 8sin20+9 dB
Jo sin20+cos20+2
7f

= f4 4(sin20+1)+4(sin20+1)+1 dB
Jo sin20+cos20+2

= 4 ff sin20+1 dB+ 4 ff sin20+1 dB+ ff 1 dB

Jo sin20+cos20+2 Jo sin20+cos20+2 Jo sin20+cos20+2
=4rf sin20+1 d0+4r¾ cos20+1 d0+rf I d0 (b ( )) IM for using (c)
Jo sin20+cos20+2 Jo sin20+cos20+2 Jo sin20+cos20+2 Y C
7f 7f

= 4 f4 sin20+cos20+2 dB+ f4 1 dB IM
Jo sin20+cos20+2 Jo sin20+cos20+2
lf !!...
= 4 f4 dB+ f4 I dB
Jo Jo siri20+cos20+2

= 1r + °'; :2) (
tan-
1
[ by (b)(ii)) IM tr+ (b )(ii)

Let I = f 7f

4 sin 20 + 1
o sin20+cos20+2
dB and J f
= 4
7f

cos 20 + I
o sin20+cos20+2
d0 .

!!... 1[
Note that I+ J =
i0
4 dB= -
4
. IM
1[
By (c), we have I = J =- . IM forusing (c)
8

f:
Jo sin20+cos20+2
8sin20+9 dB

7f

= 8/ + f4 I d0
Jo sin20+cos20+2
= 1r + °'; :2) (tan- 1[ by (b)(ii)) IM 7t + (b)(ii)

----------(3)

77
 Solution Marks Remarks

12. (a) A

=(~
~)
=3G~)+3°(1)(~
1
~)
So, the statement is true for n = 1 .

Assume that A k = i I + 3k-l k ( ~ ~) , where k is a positive integer. lM

Ak+I
=AkA

~)) ( ~ ~)
=[3k/+3k-lk(~ ( by induction assumption ) lM for using induction assumption

~)+(~
~))[3(~
=[3k/+3k-lk(~ ~))
~)+3k(~
1
=3k+ J+3kk(~ ~)+3k-Ik(~ ~J
=3k+
/+3k(k+l{~
~)+(~
1
~)
=3k+IJ+3k(k+l{~ ~)

1
Therefore, the statement is true for n = k + if it is true for n = k .
By mathematical induction, the statement is true for all positive integers n .
1---14)

(b) (i)
(-10).
Note that p-I =
-2 -1
IA

p-lsp

=(
-10)(51)(-1
-2
0)
-1 -4 I 2 -1

=(~;) lA

=A

· (ii) By (b )(i), we have P- 1BP= A .

So, we have (P- 1BPt = An .
1
Therefore, we have p- Bn P = An . lM
Hence, we have Bn = PAn p- 1 •

Bn

=(-l O)[3 + 3 n (0
2 -1
l)J(-10)
n/
0 0 -2 -1
n-1 lM

=3I+ 3 n (-1
n 0)(01)(-1
n-1 0)
2 -I 0 0 -2 -1

=3n I+ 3n-1n ( 2 I )
-4 -2

78
 Solution Marks Remarks

=(}4:)
=31(1 0)+30(1)(2 1)
0 I -4 -2
So, the statement is true for n ==I
2 1
Assume that Bk= 3k I +3k-lk ( ) , where k is a positive
. -4 -2
integer.
Bk+!

=BkB

=(3kI +3k-1 k(}4-21 )) ( -45 1

I
) ( by induction assumption ) IM for using induction assumption

=(3kJ +3k-l k( }4~2))(

31
+(}4 ~2)) IM

= i+I I+ 3k k ( 2 I ) + i ( 2 I ) + i-1 k ( 2 I )2
-4 -2 -4 -2 -4 -2

= 3k+I I+ 3k (k + 1)(
2 1)+ (0
-4 -2
0)
0 0
2
= i+I I+ i (k + I)( l )
-4 -2
Therefore, the statement is true for n =k + I if it is true for n =k .
By mathematical induction, the statement is true for all positive integers n .

2
(iii) IAm-Bml=4m

2
13m-l
m (~ ~)-3m-lm ( }
4
~
2)1= 4m
(3m-1)2m21-42
~1=4m2 IM

-4m2 (32(m-1))
= 4m2
i<m-1)= -1 IM
Note that -1 < 0 < 32<m-l)
Thus,there does not exist a positiveinteger m such that I Am - B m I= 4 m2 • IA f.t.
----------(8)

79