Module 2 (Algebra and Calculus) Marking Scheme

This document was prepared for markers' reference. It should not be regarded as a set of model answers.
Candidates and teachers who were not involved in the marking process are advised to interpret its contents with care.

General Marking Instructions

1. It is very important that all markers should adhere as closely as possible to the marking scheme. In many
cases, however, candidates will have obtained a correct answer by an alternative method not specified in the
marking scheme. In general, a correct alternative solution merits all the marks allocated to that part, unless a
particular method has been specified in the question. Markers should be patient in marking alternative
solutions not specified in the marking scheme.

2. For the convenience of markers, the marking scheme was written as detailed as possible. However, it is
likely that candidates would not present their solution in the same explicit manner, e.g. some steps would
either be omitted or stated implicitly. In such· cases, markers should exercise their discretion in marking
candidates' work. In general, marks for a certain step should be awarded if candidates' solution indicated
that the relevant concept I technique had been used.

.-;l""
3. In marking candi~.aies' work, the benefit of doubt should be given in the candidates' favour .

4. Unless the form of the answer is specified in the question, alternative simplified forms of answers different
from those in the marking scheme should be accepted if they are correct.

5. In the marking scheme, marks are classified into the following three categories:

'M'marks awarded for applying correct methods

'A' marks awarded for the accuracy of the answers
Marks without 'M' or 'A' awarded for correctly completing a proof or arriving at an answer given in
the question.

In a question consisting of several parts each depending on the previous parts, 'M' marks should be awarded
to steps or methods correctly deduced from previous answers, even if these answers are erroneous. ( I.e.
Markers should follow through candidates' work in awarding 'M' marks.) However, 'A' marks for the
corresponding answers should NOT be awarded, tmless otherwise specified.

6. In the marking scheme, steps which can be skipped are enclosed by[~~~~9-~~~!~i:igle_s_:,
whereas alternative
I
answers are enclosed by solid rectangles I.

7. (a) Unless otherwise specified in the question, numerical answers not given in exact values should not be
accepted.
(b) In case a certain degree of accuracy had been specified in the question, answers not accurate up to that
degree should not be accepted.

78
:j'

Solution Marks Remarks

d (. ) . sin2(x+h)-sin2x
1. - sm 2x = 11m------ IM
dx h➔O h

l. (2 2x+2h+2x
= im -cos----sm----
h➔O h 2
. 2x+2h-2x)
2
IM

= lim[2 cos(2x +
h ➔O
h)sinh h]
= 2 limcos(2x+ h)· lim sinh lM
h➔O h➔O h

Alternative Solution
= lim sin 2h cos 2x + cos 2h sin 2x - sin 2x
IM
h➔O h
= lim sin2hcos2x-sin2x•2sin 2h
h➔O h
. sin 2h . . . h . sin h
= 2 cos 2x· Iim--- 2 sm 2x· 1imsm · 1im-- IM
h➔O 2h h➔O h➔O h

=2cos2x lA

(4)

(l+axt =l+Ctax+C 2 +--· c; (ax)

2. 2(ax) OR general term=

:(n=2-~~oa2
=--18-0-------------------(1)
lM
{ -- - -- - - - - - -- -- - - - -(2)

(2)+(1) 2 :
n-I 180
--=- IM
2n 400
n=IO lA
.. a=-2 IA

(4)
,,'

<,.
-~!', ..

3. For n =1 ,
L.H.S. 1+- 1-=~ and R.H.S. = 4(1)+l=~
lx4 4 3(1)+1 4
:. L.H.S. = R.H.S. and the statement is true for n = I . 1
1 1
Assume1+-+--+--+---+----- 1 1 4k + 1
= -- , where k 1s
. .. .
a positivemteg r. l
lx4 4x7 7x10 (3k-2)(3k+l) 3k+l
1 1 1 1 1
1+-+--+--+--·+-----+--------
lx4 4x7 7x10 (3k-2)(3k+l) [3(k+l)-2][3(k+l)+l]
4k+l 1
= --+----- by the assumption 1
3k+l (3k+l)(3k+4)
(12k2 +19k+4)+1
= (3k + 1)(3k+ 4)
(3k + 1)(4k + 5)
= (3k + 1)(3k+ 4)
4(k+ 1)+ 1
=----
3(k+l)+l
Hence the statement is true for n = k + I .
By the principleof mathematicalinduction,the statementis true for all positiveintegers n. 1 Follow through

(5)
79
 Solution Marks Remarks

4. (a) dy = ex -1
dx
y =J<ex - l)dx

=ex -x+C IA
1
Since the curve passes through the point- (1, e) , e = e -1 + C IM
i.e. C = 1
.. y=ex-x+I IA
X
-4 -3 -2 -1 oI 1 2
(b) The curve cuts the y-axis at (0, 2) .

When x=0 dy =0 IM
' dx
Hence the equation of tangent to the curve at (0, 2) is
,:y-2 = 0(x-0): ,
________________
y=2 IA

(5)

2 ;t,,f
5. (a) f(x) = 3- 3x ,I' -
( 3+x 2
f(0) =1, f(l) =0 and f(-1) =0
:. maximum point is (0, 1) , IA
and points of inflexion are (1, 0) and (-1, 0) . IA For both

(b) l~i_J!~~_-~?.:_I:_~~::,_
Q_'-there is no_verti~~l_~s~ptote.l
l__3
12 x2
f(x) = -3 + x2 + 3 lM OR f(x)= --3-
-+l
x2
When x ➔ ±oo, y ➔ -3.
Hence y = -3 is a horizontal asymptote. IA

(c)
y
2

IA For shape of y =f(x)

--------3 y=-3
IA For all correct

-4
(6)

80
 Solution Marks Remarks

6. (a) Area= J:[(-;'+2x+++x+

J:[4-(-;'
+2x+4)]dx lM

= L -;2 f:(
4
+ 2x) dx + x; - 2x) dx

[ , r[,
(

= -6-+x
-X
r 2 X
o + 6-x
2
4
.
IM

13
= IA
2

(b) Volume = tr L'(

-;, r +2x+4-4 dx' IM+lA

= tr f:(: 4
-
3
2x + 4x
2
) dx

=,,[L~+
4x'r20 2 3
0

125tr
=-- IA
12
:;--1:, (6)
'
sin2x
7. (a) R.H.S.=
l+cos2x
2sinxcosx
= IM For either formula
1+2cos 2 x-1
sinx
=
COSX
=tanx I
= L.H.S.

sin8ycos4ycos2y
(b) R.H.S.=
(1+ cos8y)(l + cos4y)(l + cos2y)
= tan 4y· cos4ycos2y by(a) IM
(1+ cos4y)(l + cos2y)
sin4ycos2y
= IM
(1 + cos4y)(l + cos2y)
cos2y
= tan2y· by(a)
l+cos2y
sin2y
=
l+cos2y
=tany by (a) 1

Alternative Solution
sin 8y cos 4y cos 2 y
by(a) IM
=
X X
( sin Sy sin4y sin2y)
tan4y tan2y tany
sin8y tan4ycos4y tan2ycos2y
:::--• · ·tany
sin Sy sin4y sin2y
:::tany IM+ 1 IM for tan x cos x :::sin x

=L.H.S.

(5)
81
 Solution Marks Remarks

k OJ-I [0 -kir k
~
2
8. (a) (~ lM+IA 1M for minors
I I = II OI O O k
k 0 0 k -1 1
0 1 1
k O 0

~I]
0 0
1
-- k 0 IA
- k2 [ -k k2

~)[~r nJm
;] = -;-[
[ z k -k
~1][~]
~ ~ k2 1 1
by(a) IM

= k1,[2i;;J,,
2k-I
From the second row, we have -- 2 - =I .
k

Alternative Solution

[::lrn
From the first and third rows, we have x + k =2 and x =.!_
IM

k
1
.. -+k=2.
k

i.e. k 2 - 2k + 1 = 0
k =1 IA

(5)

9 (a) The augmentedmatrix is [;

-a
1-2a
1
2-b
2
a+4
l
-[~ l 1-3a

-a
I
3-ab

I
-b
2
a
4

IM

-[~ l I

-a
I
0
-ab

I
-b
ab-b
-2

a+2
2
a

Hence the system has infinitely many solutions when

b(a-I) = 0
IM
{ a+2=0
i.e. a=-2 and b=O IA For both

82
 Solution Marks Remarks

+ 2y + z = 2
(b) The system becomes
F, + 5y
3x + 7y
+ 2z = 2
+ 3z = 4
lM

i.e. t+z=6
y=-2
(x, y, z) = (6-t, -2, t) for any reaJ number t lA OR (t, -2, 6-t)

(5)

10. (a) - - -
ON=
kOA+OB
k+l
lM
B
k(2i) + (i + 2j)
=
k+l
(2k+l)i+2j
= lA
k+l
N

(b) -MB=2j, .. BM 1-0A lM

1/
Since A , N, P and M are concyclic, ON 1-AB.
.. --
0 A
M
ON-AB=O .. lM
(2k+l)i+2j (' 2 . 2 .) O
· I+ J- I =
k+l
-(2k + 1)+2 ·2 = 0

k=i lA
2
(5)

d sec0tan 0 + sec2 0
11. (a) -ln(sec0+tan0) = lM
dB sec0+tan0
=sec0 '

Hence Jsec0 d0 = JddBln(sec0+tan0) d0

= ln(sec0+tan0)+C 1

Alternative Solution
J secBdB= Jsec0(sec0+tan0) dB lM
sec0+tan0
2
Let u = sec 0 + tan 0 which gives du= (sec0tan0+sec 0)d0 .

.. Jsec0d0= J~
=lnlul+C

= ln(sec0+tan0)+C since sec0+tan0>0 for 0<0<7r 1

·2

(2)

83
 Solution Marks Remarks

1C
(b) (i) Let u = sec 0 , where O< 0 < - . IM
2
.. du= sec0tan0 d0
du Jsec0tan0 d0
J✓u 2 -1 = 2
.Jsec 0-1

= sec0d0J since tan0>0 for 0<0<;

= ln{sec0+tan0)+C by (a)

= ln(sec0+.Jsec 2 0-l)+C since tan 0 > 0 for O< 0 < 1r

2
=1n(u+ ✓u 2
-l)+C

(ii) JI 2x dx=JI 2x dx
0 4 2
.Jx +4x +3 ° ✓(x +2) -I 2 2

2
Let u = x + 2 which gives du = 2x dx . IM
When x = 0 , u = 2 ; when x = I , u = 3 .

J
1
2x J2
3
du
.. 0 .Jx 4 +4x 2 +3:~'=:' ✓u 2 -1
=[ ln(u+ ✓u -I)]:
2 by (i) IM For primitive function

= ln(3 + ✓8)-ln(2 + ✓3)

=ln(3+2✓2 _2- ✓3)

2+ ✓3 2- ✓3
✓

= ln(6+4✓2-3✓3-2✓6)

(5)

(c) t =tan¢
dt 2
-=sec ¢
d¢
=l+tan 2 ¢
d¢ 1
di= l+t 2
1
cos 2 ¢"=~ -
sec2 ¢
I
=-- IA
1 +(2
tr
Jo4 ✓1+2cos2,1,
tan¢
d¢=
J1
oR,;·-1
t I
2 dt where !=tan¢ IM
"' I+-- +t
I +t2
I t
= J ✓(3
O
-r==~==dt
+!2)(1 +t2)
IA

= -I J -;==,,;;~=
1
2t dt
2 o.Jt4+4t2+3

=½ln(6+4✓2-3✓3 -2✓6) IA ORln ✓6+4✓2-3✓3-2✓6

(5)

84
 Solution Marks Remarks

12. (a) (i) T= PQ+ QB IM

7 1.4
X 5✓30 2 +(40-x) 2
=-+
7 7
x+5✓x 2
-80x+2500
IA OR ~+ ✓x 2 -80x+2500
=
7 7 1.4

A 40m B
(ii) When T is minimum, dT =0.
dx

![1+ 5(2x-80) ] =O IM 30m

7 2
2✓x -80x+2500
5(x - 40) = --Jx 2
- 80x + 2500 :
2 2
25x - 2000x + 40000 = x - 80x + 2500 p xm Q
2x 2 -160x+3125=0 1

5 5
.. x = 40 - ../6or 40 + ../6(rejected by checking)
2 2
5✓6 5 5✓6
X 0<x<40-- x=40- ../6 x>40--
2 2 2
-dT
dx
- 0 +

5✓6
So, when Tis minimum, x=40--. IM
2

QB=1 f )J
30'+[4o-(4o- 5

25✓ 6
=--m 1
2
(6)

30 2✓ 6
(b) (i) sinP= =-- IA
25✓ 6 5
--
2
5
40-( 40- ~)
1 A 40m B
cosP= ✓ 6 =- IA
25 6 5 'J..<: p
-- ''
2 ''
MB AB ''
In MUB, --= IM 30m ''
''
sin a sin(tr-a - P) '
''
40sina ' M
MB=
sin(a + P)
p xm Q
40sina
= IM
sin a cos p + cos a sin p
40sina
=
1 . 2✓ 6
-sma+-cosa
5 5
200tana
= 1
tan a+ 2✓6

85
 Solution Marks Remarks

dMB = _(tana+2✓6)sec 2 a-tanasec 2 a. da

(ii) 200 IM
dt (tana+2✓ 6) 2 dt
400✓6 sec 2 a da
= ·-
(tana+2✓6) 2 dt

D 400✓6 sec 2 0.2 da

:. -1.4 =
(tan0.2+2✓6)2 ·dt
da 1
- :::::
-0.0357 rads- IA
dt
(7)

13. (a) (i)

MN=(: !)(;{)
=(:;::; ..:;.::~)
tr( MN) = ae + bg +cf+ dh IA ~

NM=(; {)(: !) Either one

( ea+ Jc eb+ fd)
= ;ga+hc gb+hd
tr(NM) = ea+ Jc+ gb+hd '
:. tr(MN) = tr(NM) I

·-

1
(ii) tr(BAB- ) =I+ 3
tr(AB- 1B) = 4 by (a)(i) IM OR tr(B- 1BA)=4
tr(A) = 4 I

1
(iii) BAB- = (~ ~)

/BAB- / =
1
I~ ~ I
1 IM
IBI·IAI·JB- J= 1-3-0 ·O

IBI.IAI.IBI-I =3
IAl=3 IA

(6)

86
 Solution Marks Remarks

(b) (i) c(;}=~(;}

(px+qy) (AiX)
rx+sy = J y 1

{(p-J)x+qy=
1 0 IA
rx+(s-J 1)y=0

Sincethis systemof equationshas non-zerosolutions(;) , lp~A-1 S-A-1

q j-o,
-
1

Similarly, c(;)=,½ (;) gives IP~,½ q

s-,½ 1-o
- .
1

(ii) By (b)(i), ~ and ,½ are the roots of the equation

1p-A.
r
q
S-A.
1=0 }IM
=0
(p-J)(s-J)-qr
J -(p+s)J+
2
ps-qr=0
J -tr(C)·l+ICl=0
2
1

- (5)

(c) A(;)=J(;J for some non-zero matrices (;J

J -tr(A)•J+IAl=0
}1M
2
by(bXit)
For either one
J -4J+3=0 by (a)(ii) & (aXiii)
2
_,,.,.,,
J = 1 or 3 /-.;,- lA

(2)

87
 Solution Marks Remarks

14. (a) (i) AP·BP=(p-a)·(p-b) IM For p-a or p-b

=p·p-a•p-b·p+a•b
=p·p-(a+b)·p (·: a•b=O) A

p
I
•
Jip.cfo+ cfo.n = o
I
(ii) AP·BP+ I
I
I
By (i) and some similar results, we have :···•i'••·\
,,
: ...:
p ·p-(a+ b)·p+p·p-(b+c)•p +p·p-(c+a) ·p = 0 IM ,,, ..·····6
...
3p·p-2(a+b+c)•p =0 ,11''
,,
3p · p - 2(3d) · p = 0 IM
p · p = 2p · d --------- (*) 1

(iii) lp-dli = (p-d) · (p-d) IM

=p · p - 2p · d + d · d
=d ·d by(*)
= ldli ;/,'?'
/·
Hence IP- di= Jdl .
:. IDPl=l®I
:. PD=OD -------(**)
Thus, the di~tance between P and D is a constant and therefore P lies on
the sphere-tentred at D with fixed radius.
}1
(82

OR "Since OD is
(b) (i) Yes. Since O satisfies (**), 0 lies on the sphere mentioned in (i). IA equal to the radius of
the sphere, ..."

(ii) Yes. Since DJfx ~ = Df'i x D~, the normal vector of the plane contain· }
D, Pi.and Pi equals the normal vector of the plane containing D, Pi and ~. IM
Thus the plane containing D , Pi and P2 is parallel to the plane containi }
D, Pi and P3 • lM
Since D and Pi are common points of the planes, D, fj_ , P2 and P3
are on the same plane.
Since D is the centre of the sphere and Pi., Pi and ~ lie on the largest }
circle on the sphere, the radius of the circle equals the radius of the sphere, IA Follow through
which is OD.

(4}

88