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Kings of Judah and Israel

The first three kings of Israel were Saul, David and then Solomon. After Solomon the kingdom was divided
into two parts and separate kings ruled over Judah and over Israel. The reigns of these kings are described in
the books of Kings and Chronicles in a very interesting way:

The reign of each king is given by the length of the reign and by the beginning of the reign as it compares to
the regnal year of the ruling king in the opposite kingdom. The years do not add up at first sight, but if we
accept the existence of the following three scenarios, then we can resolve the "problems":

Reigns can overlap

Sons can have co-regencies with their father
The length of the reign can be counted from the beginning of the first official year or from the start of
the co-regency

The table below shows the kings of Judah and Israel with the corresponding verses of the Bible which were
used to construct it. After the name of the kings the number in parenthesis is the length of their reign. Each
row of the table during the divided kingdom represents the events that took place in the same year and shows
the current regnal year of the kings.

Kings of Israel
1Sa And all the people went to Gilgal; and there they made Saul king
11:15 before the LORD in Gilgal; and there they sacrificed sacrifices of
peace offerings before the LORD; and there Saul and all the men
of Israel rejoiced greatly. Saul (40)
Act And afterward they desired a king: and God gave unto them
13:21 Saul the son of Cis, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, by the
space of forty years.

2Sa David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he
5:4 reigned forty years.

2Sa In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months: David (40)
5:5 and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel
and Judah.

1Ki And Zadok the priest took an horn of oil out of the tabernacle,
1:39 and anointed Solomon. And they blew the trumpet; and all the
people said, God save king Solomon. Solomon (40)
1Ki And the time that Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all Israel
11:42 was forty years.
After Solomon the kingdom was divided
Kings of Judah Kings of Israel
1Ki And Rehoboam the son
14:21 of Solomon reigned in
Judah. Rehoboam was
forty and one years old
when he began to reign,
Rehoboam (17) Jeroboam (22)
and he reigned seventeen
1 1
years in Jerusalem, the
city which the LORD did
choose out of all the
tribes of Israel, to put
his name there. And his

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mother's name was

Naamah an
Ammonitess.

1Ki And it came to pass,

12:20 when all Israel heard
that Jeroboam was
come again, that they
sent and called him unto
the congregation, and
made him king over all
Israel: there was none
that followed the house of
David, but the tribe of
Judah only.
... 16 years later ...
17 17
1Ki Now in the eighteenth
15:1 year of king Jeroboam
the son of Nebat reigned
Abijam over Judah.
Abijam (3) 1Ki Three years reigned he in 18
1 15:2 Jerusalem. and his
mother's name was
Maachah, the daughter of
Abishalom.
2 19
1Ki And in the twentieth year
15:9 of Jeroboam king of
3
Israel reigned Asa over
Judah.

1Ki And forty and one years 20

Asa (41) 15:10 reigned he in Jerusalem.
1st year starts And his mother's name
was Maachah, the
daughter of Abishalom.
1st year ends 21
1Ki And the days which
14:20 Jeroboam reigned were
two and twenty years:
and he slept with his
fathers, and Nadab his
son reigned in his stead. 22
Nadab (2)
2nd year ends 1Ki And Nadab the son of 1
15:25 Jeroboam began to
reign over Israel in the
second year of Asa king
of Judah, and reigned
over Israel two years.

1Ki In the third year of Asa

2
15:33 king of Judah began
Baasha the son of
3
Ahijah to reign over all
Israel in Tirzah, twenty
Baasha (24)
and four years.
1
... 23 years later ...

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1Ki In the twenty and sixth

24
16:8 year of Asa king of Judah
began Elah the son of
26
Baasha to reign over
Israel in Tirzah, two Elah (2)
years. 1
2
1Ki In the twenty and
16:15 seventh year of Asa king
of Judah did Zimri reign
Tibni (?)
seven days in Tirzah.
And the people were
encamped against Zimri (7 days)
Gibbethon, which 7 days
belonged to the
27 Philistines.

1Ki Then were the people of Omri (12)

16:21 Israel divided into two 1st year starts
parts: half of the people
followed Tibni the son of
Ginath, to make him
king; and half followed
Omri.
... 4 years later ...
1Ki In the thirty and first
16:23 year of Asa king of
Judah began Omri to
31st year ends 5th year starts
reign over Israel,
twelve years: six years
reigned he in Tirzah.
... 6 years later ...
37th year ends 11th year starts
1Ki And in the thirty and
16:29 eighth year of Asa king
38th year starts of Judah began Ahab
the son of Omri to reign
over Israel: and Ahab
the son of Omri reigned
over Israel in Samaria
Ahab (22)
twenty and two years. 1st year starts
38th year ends 12th year starts 1st year ends
39 2
40 3
1Ki And Jehoshaphat the
22:41 son of Asa began to
reign over Judah in the
fourth year of Ahab king
of Israel.

Jehoshaphat (25) 1Ki Jehoshaphat was thirty

41st year ends 22:42 and five years old when
1st year starts
he began to reign; and
he reigned twenty and
five years in Jerusalem.
And his mother's name
4th year ends
was Azubah the
daughter of Shilhi.
5th year starts
1st year ends 5th year ends
2 6
3 7

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... 13 years later ...

16th year ends 20th year ends
21st year ends
1Ki Ahaziah the son of
22nd year starts
22:51 Ahab began to reign
Jehoram 17th year ends over Israel in Samaria
Co-regency the seventeenth year of
1 18th year starts Jehoshaphat king of
Judah, and reigned two
Ahaziah (2)
years over Israel. 1
2Ki So he died according to
2
1:17 the word of the LORD
which Elijah had spoken.
And Jehoram reigned in
his stead in the second
year of Jehoram the son
of Jehoshaphat king of
18th year ends Judah; because he had no Jehoram (12)
2 son. 1st year starts
19th year starts
2Ki Now Jehoram the son of
3:1 Ahab began to reign over
Israel in Samaria the
eighteenth year of
Jehoshaphat king of
Judah, and reigned
twelve years.
3 20 2
4 21 3
5 22 4
2Ki And in the fifth year of
8:16 Joram the son of Ahab
king of Israel,
Jehoshaphat being then
king of Judah, Jehoram
Jehoram (8) the son of Je hoshaphat
23 king of Judah began to 5th year stars
1st year starts
reign.

2Ki Thirty and two years old

8:17 was he when he began to
reign; and he reigned
eight years in Jerusalem.
1st year ends 24 5th year ends
2 25 6
3 7
... 4 years later ...
2Ki In the twelfth year of
8:25 Joram the son of Ahab
king of Israel did
Ahaziah the son of
7th year ends Jehoram king of Judah
begin to reign.
11th year ends
8th year starts
2Ki * Two and twenty years
Ahaziah (1)
8:26 old was Ahaziah when he 12th year starts
1st year starts
began to reign; and he
reigned one year in
Jerusalem. And his
mother's name was
Athaliah, the daughter of

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Omri king of Israel.

2Ch * Forty and two years old

36:2 was Ahaziah when he
began to reign, and he
reigned one year in
Jerusalem. His mother's
name also
was Athaliah the
daughter of Omri.

2Ki And in the eleventh year of

9:29 Joram the son of Ahab
began Ahaziah to reign
over Judah.
* Ahaziah was born when his
grandfather Jehoshaphat was in
his 6th regnal year and spent 20
regnal years with this good king.
This 20 years could account for
Ahaziah's different ages mentioned
in 2Ki 8:26 (Two and twenty) and
in 2Ch 36:2 (Forty and two).
8th year ends
2Ki And he was with her hid in
1st year ends 12th year ends
11:3 the house of the LORD six
Athaliah (7)
years. And Athaliah did
1st year starts Jehu (28)
reign over the land. 1st year starts
... 6 years later ...
2Ki Seven years old was
11:21 Jehoash when he began
to reign.

2Ki In the seventh year of

7th year starts Joash (40) 12:1 Jehu Jehoash began to 7th year starts
1st year starts reign; and forty years
reigned he in Jerusalem.
And his mother's name
was Zibiah of
Beersheba.
... 21 years later ...
2Ki And the time that Jehu
10:36 reigned over Israel in
22nd year starts 28th year starts
Samaria was twenty and
eight years. 1st year starts
2Ki In the three and twentieth 28th year ends
13:1 year of Joash the son of
Ahaziah king of Judah
23rd year starts Jehoahaz the son of Jehu
Jehoahaz (17)
began to reign over Israel 1st year ends
in Samaria, and reigned
seventeen years.
2nd year starts
... 14 years later ...
37th year starts 16th year starts
2Ki In the thirty and seventh 17th year starts
Jehoash (16)
13:10 year of Joash king of
1st year starts
Judah began Jehoash
the son of Jehoahaz to
reign over Israel in
37th year ends Samaria, and reigned
38th year starts

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sixteen years.
Amaziah (29)
2Ki In the second year of
1
14:1 Joash son of Jehoahaz
king of Israel reigned
Amaziah the son of
Joash king of Judah.

38th year ends 2Ki He was twenty and five 2nd year starts
14:2 years old when he began
to reign, and reigned
twenty and nine years in
Jerusalem. And his
mother's name was
Jehoaddan of Jerusalem.
2 39 3
Jeroboam
3 40 4 Co-Regency
1
4 5 2
5 6 3
Azariah
6 Co-regency 7 4
1
... 9 years later ...
2Ki In the fifteenth year of
14:23 Amaziah the son of
Joash king of Judah
Jeroboam the son of 13
15 10 16
Joash king of Israel Jeroboam (41)
began to reign in (1st official yr)
Samaria, and reigned
forty and one years.
16 11 14
... 13 years later ...
2Ki And all the people of
14:21 Judah took Azariah,
which was sixteen years
old, and made him king
instead of his father
Amaziah.

2Ki In the twenty and

15:1 seventh year of
Jeroboam king of
29 24 Israel began Azariah 27
Azariah (52) son of Amaziah king of
(1st official yr) Judah to reign.

2Ki Sixteen years old was he

15:2 when he began to reign,
and he reigned two and
fifty years in Jerusalem.
And his mother's name
was Jecholiah of
Jerusalem.
... 14 years later ...
41
2Ki In the thirty and eighth
38 15:8 year of Azariah king of
Judah did Zachariah the Zachariah (6m)
6 months

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son of Jeroboam reign

over Israel in Samaria six
months.
Shallum (1m)
2Ki Shallum the son of
1 month
15:13 Jabesh began to reign in
the nine and thirtieth
year of Uzziah king of
Judah; and he reigned a
full month in Samaria. Menahem (10)
39
2Ki In the nine and thirtieth 1st year starts
15:17 year of Azariah king of
Judah began Menahem
the son of Gadi to reign
over Israel, and reigned
ten years in Samaria.
40th year ends 1st year ends
... 9 years later ...
49th year ends
2Ki In the fiftieth year of
15:23 Azariah king of Judah
50th year starts
Pekahiah the son of
Pekaiah (2)
Menahem began to 10th year ends 1st year starts
reign over Israel in
Samaria, and reigned
two years.
50th year ends 2nd year starts
2nd year ends
2Ki In the two and fiftieth
15:27 year of Azariah king of
Judah Pekah the son of
51th year ends
Remaliah began to reign
52nd year starts
over Israel in Samaria,
and reigned twenty
Pekah (20)
years.
1st year starts
2Ki In the second year of
15:32 Pekah the son of
Remaliah king of Israel
began Jotham the son of
Uzziah king of Judah to
reign.
Jotham (16) 2Ki Five and twenty years 2nd year starts
1st year starts 15:33 old was he when he
began to reign, and he
reigned sixteen years in
Jerusalem. And his
mother's name was
Jerusha, the daughter of
Zadok.
2 3
... 7 years later...
Ahaz
9 Co-regency 10
1
10 2 11
... 5 years later ...
15 7 16

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2Ki In the seventeenth year of

16:1 Pekah the son of
Remaliah Ahaz the son of
Jotham king of Judah
began to reign.
8 2Ki Twenty years old was
16 Ahaz (16) 16:2 Ahaz when he began to 17
(1st official year) reign, and reigned sixteen
years in Jerusalem, and
did not that which was
right in the sight of the
LORD his God, like David
his father.
(17) 9 18
(18) 10 19
(19) 11 20

2Ki And Hoshea the son of

15:30 Elah made a conspiracy
against Pekah the son of
Remaliah, and smote
him, and slew him, and
reigned in his stead, in
the twentieth year of Hoshea (9)
(20) 12
Jotham the son of 1
Uzziah.

2Ki In the twelfth year of

17:1 Ahaz king of Judah
began Hoshea the son of
Elah to reign in Samaria
over Israel nine years.
13 2
2Ki Now it came to pass in the
18:1 third year of Hoshea son
of Elah king of Israel,
that Hezekiah the son of
Ahaz king of Judah began
to reign.
Hezekiah (29)
14 2Ki Twenty and five years old 3
1
18:2 was he when he began to
reign; and he reigned
twenty and nine years in
Jerusalem. His mother's
name also was Abi, the
daughter of Zachariah.
2 15 4
3 16 5
4th year starts 6th year starts
2Ki And it came to pass in the
4th year ends
18:9 fourth year of king
5th year starts
Hezekiah, which was the
seventh year of Hoshea 6th year ends
son of Elah king of Israel, 7th year starts
that Shalmaneser king of
Assyria came up against
Samaria, and besieged it.
6th year starts 8th year starts

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2Ki And at the end of three

18:10 years they took it: even
in the sixth year of
6th year ends 8th year ends
Hezekiah, that is in the
7th year starts 9th year starts
ninth year of Hoshea
king of Israel, Samaria
was taken.
... 22 years later ...
29
2Ki Manasseh was twelve
21:1 years old when he began
to reign, and reigned fifty
Manasseh (55)
and five years in
1
Jerusalem. And his
mother's name was
Hephzibah.
55
2Ki Amon was twenty and
21:19 two years old when he
began to reign, and he
reigned two years in
Amon (2)
Jerusalem. And his
1
mother's name was
Meshullemeth, the
daughter of Haruz of
Jotbah.
2
2Ki Josiah was eight years old
22:1 when he began to reign,
and he reigned thirty and
Josiah (31) one years in Jerusalem.
1 And his mother's name
was Jedidah, the
daughter of Adaiah of
Boscath.
31
2Ki Jehoahaz was twenty
Jehoahaz (3m)
23:31 and three years old when
3 months
he began to reign; and
he reigned three months
in Jerusalem. And his
mother's name was
Jehoiachin Hamutal, the daughter
Co-regency
of Jeremiah of Libnah.

2Ki Jehoiakim was twenty

23:36 and five years old when
he began to reign; and
Jehoiakim (11) he reigned eleven years
1 in Jerusalem. And his
mother's name was
Zebudah, the daughter
of Pedaiah of Rumah.

2Ch Jehoiachin was eight

36:9 years old when he began
to reign, and he reigned
three months and ten
days in Jerusalem: and
he did that which was

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evil in the sight of the

LORD.
... 10 years later ...
11
2Ki Jehoiachin was eighteen
Jehoiachin (3m)
24:8 years old when he began
(Official reign starts)
to reign, and he reigned
3 months
in Jerusalem three
months. And his mother's
name was Nehushta,
the daughter of
Elnathan of Jerusalem.

2Ki And Jehoiachin the king

24:12 of Judah went out to the
king of Babylon, he, and
his mother, and his
servants, and his princes,
and his officers: and the
king of Babylon took him
in the eighth year of his
reign.

2Ki Zedekiah was twenty

24:18 and one years old when
he began to reign, and
he reigned eleven years
in Jerusalem. And his
mother's name was
Hamutal, the daughter
Zedekiah (11)
1 of Jeremiah of Libnah.

2Ki And the city was besieged

11 25:2 unto the eleventh year of
king Zedekiah.

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