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Presented by Parkhe Ravindra Ambadas: Parkhe R A Interpolation 1

This document discusses various interpolation methods including Lagrange, Newton forward and backward difference, and inverse interpolation. Lagrange interpolation can be used for data with both equally and unequally spaced x-values. Newton forward difference calculates interpolated y-values using forward difference tables. Newton backward difference uses backward difference tables. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating interpolated values using these various methods. The document concludes with review questions to test understanding of interpolation concepts.

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Ravi Parkhe
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84 views12 pages

Presented by Parkhe Ravindra Ambadas: Parkhe R A Interpolation 1

This document discusses various interpolation methods including Lagrange, Newton forward and backward difference, and inverse interpolation. Lagrange interpolation can be used for data with both equally and unequally spaced x-values. Newton forward difference calculates interpolated y-values using forward difference tables. Newton backward difference uses backward difference tables. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating interpolated values using these various methods. The document concludes with review questions to test understanding of interpolation concepts.

Uploaded by

Ravi Parkhe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presented by

PARKHE RAVINDRA AMBADAS

PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 1
Interpolation
 Interpolation is defined as calculating of given function
at intermediate value of independent variable.
 Interpolation is classified as

Interpolation

Lagrange's Inverse Newton's Hermit


Interpolation Interpolation Interpolation Interpolation

PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 2
Interpolation
X Y
x1=12 y1=25 find value of Y at given X
where X is 12<X<27
x2=15 y1=30 Here for example it will be asked to
find Y at 15.5
x1=18 y1=25
x2=21 y1=35
x1=24 y1=40
x2=27 y1=50
PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 3
Newton's Forward Difference interpolation
X x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 find value of Y at given Xg
Y y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 where X g is X0<Xg<Xn

Forward difference Table


X Y ∆y ∆2y ∆3y ∆4y
x1 y1 ∆y1=y2-y1 ∆2y1= ∆y2- ∆y1 ∆3y1= ∆2y2- ∆2y1 ∆4y2= ∆3y3- ∆3y2
∆2y2= ∆y3- ∆y2 ∆3y2= ∆2y3- ∆2y2
x2 y2 ∆y2=y3-y2
∆2y3= ∆y4- ∆y3
x3 y3 ∆y3=y4-y3
x4 y4

u(u−1) u(u−1)(u−2) u(u−1)(u−2)(u−3)


yg=y1+u× ∆y1+ 2!
× ∆2y1 + 3!
× ∆3y1 + × ∆4y1
4!

h=(x2-x1)=(x3-x2)

u=(xg-x1)/h

PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 4
 Calculate f (3.5) using forward difference formula.
x 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
y 19 48 99 178 291 444 643 894

Solution: Forward difference Table


X Y Dy D2y D3y D4y D5y D6y D7y h=(x2-x1)=3-2=1
2 19 29 22 6 0 0 0 0
3 48 51 28 6 0 0 0
u=(xg-x1)/h=(3.5-2)/1=1.5
4 99 79 34 6 0 0
5 178 113 40 6 0
6 291 153 46 6
7 444 199 52
8 643 251
9 894

By using Forward difference formula


u(u−1) u(u−1)(u−2) u(u−1)(u−2)(u−3)
yg=y1+u× ∆y1+ 2!
× ∆2y1 + 3!
× ∆3y1 + 4!
× ∆4y1

yg=70.3750
PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 5
Newton's Backward Difference interpolation
X x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 find value of Y at given Xg
Y y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 where X g is X0<Xg<Xn

Forward difference Table


X Y ∆y ∆2y ∆3y ∆4y
x1 y1
x2 y2 ∆y1=y2-y1 ∆2y1= ∆y2- ∆y1
∆2y2= ∆y3- ∆y2
x3 y3 ∆y2=y3-y2 ∆3y1= ∆2y2- ∆2y1
∆2y3= ∆y4- ∆y3 ∆3y2= ∆2y3- ∆2y2
x4 y4 ∆y3=y4-y3 ∆4y2= ∆3y3- ∆3y2

u(u−1) u(u−1)(u−2) u(u−1)(u−2)(u−3)


yg=yn+u× ∆yn+ × ∆2yn + × ∆3yn + × ∆4yn
2! 3! 4!

h=(x2-x1)=(x3-x2)

u=(xg-x1)/h

PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 6
 Calculate f (4.12) using Backward difference formula.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
f(x) 1 2 4 8 16 32

Solution: Backward difference


Table h=(x2-x1)=1-0=1
x y ∆y ∆2y ∆3y ∆4y ∆5y
0 1 u=(xn-xg)/h=(5-
1 2 1 4.12)/1=0.88
2 4 2 1
3 8 4 2 1
4 16 8 4 2 1
5 32 16 8 4 2 1
By using Backwarddifference formula
u(u−1) u(u−1)(u−2) u(u−1)(u−2)(u−3)
yg=y1+u× ∆y1+ 2!
× ∆2y1 + 3!
× ∆3y1 + 4!
× ∆4y1

yg=11.279167
PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 7
Lagrange's Interpolation
 Lagrange’s Interpolation formula is applicable for any
kind of step size i.e. step size is equally spaced or
unequally spaced
X x1 x2 x3 x4 find value of Y at given Xg
Y y1 y2 y3 y4 where X g is X0<Xg<Xn

 To solve by Lagrange's method we need to calculate L0, L1,L2L3……


values by using formulae's as
(𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1)(𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥2)(𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥3)
𝐿𝐿0 =
(𝑥𝑥0 − 𝑥𝑥1)(𝑥𝑥0 − 𝑥𝑥2)(𝑥𝑥0 − 𝑥𝑥3)

𝐿𝐿1 =
(𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥0)(𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥2)(𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥3)
(𝑥𝑥1 − 𝑥𝑥0)(𝑥𝑥1 − 𝑥𝑥2)(𝑥𝑥1 − 𝑥𝑥3) yg=L0×y0+ L1×y1+ L2×y2+ L3×y3
(𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥0)(𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1)(𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥3)
𝐿𝐿2 =
(𝑥𝑥2 − 𝑥𝑥0)(𝑥𝑥2 − 𝑥𝑥1)(𝑥𝑥2 − 𝑥𝑥3)

(𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥0)(𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1)(𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥2)


𝐿𝐿3 =
(𝑥𝑥3 − 𝑥𝑥0)(𝑥𝑥3 − 𝑥𝑥1)(𝑥𝑥3 − 𝑥𝑥2)

PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 8
•Using Langranges interpolation formula for given set of values find y(1.5)

X 0 1 2 5
Y=f(x) 2 3 12 147

Solution: Using Langranges interpolation formula

𝐿𝐿0 =
(1.5−1)(1.5−2)(1.5−5)
(0−1)(0−2)(0−5)
= -0.0875 yg=L0×y0+ L1×y1+ L2×y2+ L3×y3

yg= (-0.0875× 2) +(0.6562×3 )+(0.4375×12 )+( -0.00625×147 )


(1.5−0)(1.5−2)(1.5−5)
𝐿𝐿1 = (1−0)(1−2)(1−5)
= 0.6562

(1.5−0)(1.5−1)(1.5−5)
𝐿𝐿2 = (2−0)(2−1)(2−5)
= 0.4375 yg=6.125
(1.5−0)(1.5−1)(1.5−2)
𝐿𝐿3 = (5−0)(5−1)(5−2)
= -0.00625

PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 9
QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW:
1. What is INTERPOLATION?
2. What is the difference between forward difference and backward difference method?
3. Which method is useful for problems with unequal spacing in x values.
4. Write short note on INVERSE INTERPOLATION.

5. The upward velocity of a rocket is given as a function of time in Table 1. Velocity as a


function of time

6. Find y(1.3) using Lagrange’s interpolation formula, given

7. A set of values of x and f(x) are given below. Using Lagrange’s interpolation formula,
find f (9).

PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 10
1. For following data using Forward difference polynomials. Interpolate at x=0.25

2. Estimate f(7.5) using Newton Backward difference interpolation Formula

3. Estimate f(4.5) using Newton Backward difference interpolation Formula

PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 11
Thank You
PARKHE R A INTERPOLATION 12

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