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PHP 5 Notes

This document provides an overview of PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor), which is a server-side scripting language used for web development. It discusses basic PHP syntax, how to declare variables and data types in PHP, arithmetic, assignment, comparison, and logical operators, if/else statements, switch statements, while and for loops. PHP allows embedding code into HTML files to create dynamic web pages and applications.

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Sinnakannu Senthilnathan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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79 views13 pages

PHP 5 Notes

This document provides an overview of PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor), which is a server-side scripting language used for web development. It discusses basic PHP syntax, how to declare variables and data types in PHP, arithmetic, assignment, comparison, and logical operators, if/else statements, switch statements, while and for loops. PHP allows embedding code into HTML files to create dynamic web pages and applications.

Uploaded by

Sinnakannu Senthilnathan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHP Notes

PHP : Hypertext Preprocessor


PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
echo "My first PHP script!";
?>
</body>
</html>

Basic PHP Syntax


 A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document.
 A PHP script starts with <?php and ends with ?>:
<?php
// PHP code goes here
?>

Creating (Declaring) PHP Variables


In PHP, a variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$txt = "Hello world!";
$x = 5;
$y = 10.5;
echo $txt;
echo "<br>";
echo $x;
echo "<br>";
echo $y;
?>
</body>
</html>

Echo

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
$txt1 = "Learn PHP";
$txt2 = "W3Schools.com";
$x = 5;
$y = 4;

echo "<h2>" . $txt1 . "</h2>";


echo "Study PHP at " . $txt2 . "<br>";
echo $x + $y;
?>
Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC),
</body>Dip in Teach (Li & IT)
</html>
PHP Notes
PHP Data Types
Variables can store data of different types, and different data types can do different things.
PHP supports the following data types:
1. String :
$x = "Hello world!";
echo $x;
var_dump($x);
2. Integer
An integer data type is a non-decimal number between -2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647.

Rules for integers:


 An integer must have at least one digit
 An integer must not have a decimal point
 An integer can be either positive or negative
 Integers can be specified in three formats: decimal (10-based), hexadecimal (16-based -
prefixed with 0x) or octal (8-based - prefixed with 0)
<?php
$x = 5985;
var_dump($x);
?>
3. Float (floating point numbers - also called double)
A float (floating point number) is a number with a decimal point or a number in exponential form.
<?php
$x = 10.365;
var_dump($x);
?>
4. Boolean
A Boolean represents two possible states: TRUE or FALSE.
$x = true;
$y = false;
5. Array
An array stores multiple values in one single variable.
<?php
$cars = array("Volvo","BMW","Toyota");
var_dump($cars);
?>

PHP Arithmetic Operators


Operator Name Example
+ Addition $x + $y
- Subtraction $x - $y
* Multiplication $x * $y
/ Division $x / $y
% Modulus $x % $y
** Exponentiation $x ** $y

PHP Assignment Operators


Assignment Same as... Description
x=y x=y The left operand gets set to the value of the expression
on the right
x += y x=x+y Addition
x -= y x=x-y Subtraction
x *= y x=x*y Multiplication
x /= y x=x/y Division

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)


PHP Notes
x %= y x=x%y Modulus

PHP Comparison Operators


Operator Name Example
== Equal $x == $y
=== Identical $x === $y
!= Not equal $x != $y
<> Not equal $x <> $y
!== Not identical $x !== $y
> Greater than $x > $y
< Less than $x < $y
>= Greater than or equal to
<= Less than or equal to $x <= $y

PHP Increment / Decrement Operators


Operator Name
++$x Pre-increment
$x++ Post-increment
--$x Pre-decrement
$x-- Post-decrement

PHP Logical Operators


Operator Name Example
and And $x and $y
or Or $x or $y
xor Xor $x xor $y
&& And $x && $y
|| Or $x || $y
! Not !$x

PHP String Operators


Operator Name Example Result
. Concatenation $txt1 . $txt2 Concatenation of $txt1 and $txt2
.= Concatenation assignment $txt1 .= $txt2 Appends $txt2 to $txt1

PHP - The if Statement


The if statement executes some code if one condition is true.

<?php <?php <?php


$t = date("H"); $t = date("H"); $t = date("H");

if ($t < "20") { if ($t < "20") { if ($t < "10") {


echo "Have a good day!"; echo "Have a good day!"; echo "Have a good morning!";
} } else { } elseif ($t < "20") {
?> echo "Have a good night!"; echo "Have a good day!";
} } else {
?> echo "Have a good night!";
}
?>

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)


PHP Notes
PHP Switch
<?php
$favcolor = "red";

switch ($favcolor) {
case "red":
echo "Your favorite color is red!";
break;
case "blue":
echo "Your favorite color is blue!";
break;
case "green":
echo "Your favorite color is green!";
break;
default:
echo "Your favorite color is neither red, blue, nor green!";
}
?>

The PHP while Loop


The while loop executes a block of code as long as the specified condition is true.

Syntax
while (condition is true) { <?php <?php
code to be executed; $x = 1; $x = 1;
} do {
while($x <= 5) { echo "The number is: $x <br>";
do { echo "The number is: $x <br>"; $x++;
code to be executed; $x++; } while ($x <= 5);
} } ?>
while (condition is true); ?>

The PHP for Loop


The for loop is used when you know in advance how many times the script should run.

Syntax
for (init counter; test counter; increment counter) {
code to be executed;
}

foreach ($array as $value) {


code to be executed;
}

<?php
for ($x = 0; $x <= 10; $x++) {
echo "The number is: $x <br>";
}
?>

<?php
$colors = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");
foreach ($colors as $value) {
echo "$value <br>";

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)


PHP Notes
}
?>

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)


PHP Notes
PHP Connect to MySQL
PHP 5 and later can work with a MySQL database using:
 MySQLi extension (the "i" stands for improved)
 PDO (PHP Data Objects)

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);

// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully";
$conn->close();
?>

Create Database

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

// Create database
$sql = "CREATE DATABASE myDB";
if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {
echo "Database created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating database: " . $conn->error;
}

$conn->close();
?>

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)


PHP Notes

CREATE TABLE

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

// sql to create table


$sql = "CREATE TABLE MyGuests (
id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
firstname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(50),
reg_date TIMESTAMP
)";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {


echo "Table MyGuests created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error creating table: " . $conn->error;
}

$conn->close();
?>

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)


PHP Notes

INSERT INTO TABLE

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$sql = "INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email)


VALUES ('John', 'Doe', '[email protected]')";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {


echo "New record created successfully";
} else {
echo "Error: " . $sql . "<br>" . $conn->error;
}

$conn->close();
?>

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)


PHP Notes

SELECT DATA FROM TABLE

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests";


$result = $conn->query($sql);

if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
// output data of each row
while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
echo "id: " . $row["id"]. " - Name: " . $row["firstname"]. " " .
$row["lastname"]. "<br>";
}
} else {
echo "0 results";
}
$conn->close();
?>

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)


PHP Notes

UPDATE DATA

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

$sql = "UPDATE MyGuests SET lastname='Doe' WHERE id=2";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {


echo "Record updated successfully";
} else {
echo "Error updating record: " . $conn->error;
}

$conn->close();
?>

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)


PHP Notes

DELETE DATA

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$dbname = "myDB";

// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}

// sql to delete a record


$sql = "DELETE FROM MyGuests WHERE id=3";

if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {


echo "Record deleted successfully";
} else {
echo "Error deleting record: " . $conn->error;
}

$conn->close();
?>

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)


PHP Notes

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Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)


PHP Notes

<html>
……………….
…………………………………………………………….
……………….
<body>

……………Retrieve Data From Table</h2>

<…………………… action="" method="……………….." name=………………………..>


<………………….. style="width:300px;">
<…………….>Search by Book Code :</…………………>
<input type="………………" name="book_id" ………………….="Boook Code">
<br><br>
<input type="………………………." name="search" value="Search by Code">
</fieldset>
</form>

<…………………. style="width:300px;">
<………………………..>Result</……………………..>
<……………………. border="1px" width="100%" >
<…….><th>Book Title</th><th>Topic</th></……………>
<?php
$con = ………………………………….("localhost","root","");
$db=……………………………….. ($con,'lms');
if(…………………………………..)
{
$book_id= $_POST[………………………];
$query="……………………………………………………………………………………..;
$query_run=mysqli_query(……………………….., …………………………..);
while($row=…………………………………….. ($query_run))
{
?>
<tr>
<td><?php………………………………………………?></td>
<td><?php………………………………………………..?></td>
</tr>
<?php
}
}
?>
</table>
</fieldset>
</………………. >
</html>

Keywords:

mysqli_connect, legend, mysqli_select_db, echo $row['topic'], echo $row['book_name'],


isset($_POST['book_id']), 'book_id', $con, $query, mysqli_fetch_array, body

Teacher : S.Senthilnathan B.I.T (UCSC), Dip in Teach (Li & IT)

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