IDEAL REHEAT CYCLE

Reheating minimizes the moisture content and at the same time increases the efficiency of the cycle.

Ideal Reheat Cycle with One Stage of Reheating

Schematic Diagram:

T-s Diagram:
Processes: By Energy Balance;

1  2: Partial isentropic expansion in the turbine, 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛 = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑂𝑢𝑡

S=C 𝑄 +ℎ =ℎ

2  3: Reheating at Constant pressure, P=C 𝑸𝑨𝑹 = 𝒉𝟑 − 𝒉𝟐

3  4: Complete isentropic expansion in the

turbine, S=C For Total Heat added, 𝑄

4  5: Constant pressure heat rejection, P=C 𝒏

𝑸𝑨𝑻 = 𝑸𝑨𝑩 + 𝑸𝑨𝑹

5  6: Adiabatic pumping, S=C
𝟏

6  1: Constant pressure heat addition in the boiler,

P=C B. Turbine Work, 𝑊

Ideal Reaheat Cycle Analysis: Turbine

A. Total Heat Added, 𝑄

Steam Boiler

By Energy Balance;

𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛 = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑂𝑢𝑡

ℎ +ℎ =𝑊 +ℎ +ℎ
By Energy Balance;
𝑾𝑻 = 𝒉𝟏 + 𝒉𝟑 − 𝒉𝟐 − 𝒉𝟒
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛 = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑂𝑢𝑡
𝑄 +ℎ =ℎ
C. Heat Rejected, 𝑄
𝑸𝑨𝑩 = 𝒉𝟏 − 𝒉𝟔
Condenser
Reheater
By Energy Balance; G. Steam Rate, 𝓂

𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛 = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑂𝑢𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑚

𝓂 = =
ℎ =𝑄 +ℎ 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑃

𝑸𝑹 = 𝒉𝟒 − 𝒉𝟓 And;
𝑚
𝓂 =
𝑚 ×𝑊
D. Pump Work, 𝑊
Unit Analysis;
Pump
𝑘𝑔 3600 𝑠 𝑘𝑔
𝑠 1 ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑔
𝓂 = = ℎ𝑟 =
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝑊 − ℎ𝑟
𝑠 𝑘𝑔 𝑠

Then;
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈
𝓶𝑪 = 
𝑾𝑵𝑬𝑻 𝒌𝑾 𝒉𝒓

𝒌𝑱
*𝑾𝑵𝑬𝑻 𝒎𝒖𝒔𝒕 𝒃𝒆 𝒊𝒏
𝒌𝒈
Using Exact Pump work
By Energy Balance; Ideal Reheat Engine Analysis:
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛 = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑂𝑢𝑡 A. Steam Rate, 𝓂
𝑊 +ℎ =ℎ
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈
𝓶𝑬 = 
𝑾𝑻 𝒌𝑾 𝒉𝒓
𝑾𝑷 = 𝒉𝟔 − 𝒉𝟓

Using Approximate Pump Work B. Energy Chargeable Against the Engine, 𝐸𝑐

𝑾𝑷 = 𝝊𝒇𝟓 (𝑷𝟔 − 𝑷𝟓 ) 𝑬𝒄 = 𝑬𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒑𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒎

𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒃𝒐𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒓 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒆
− 𝑬𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒑𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒅
𝒏
E. Net Cycle Work, 𝑊
+ 𝑸𝑨𝑹
𝟏
𝑾𝑵𝑬𝑻 = 𝑾𝑻 − 𝑾𝑷
C. Thermal Engine Efficiency, 𝑒
F. Overall Cycle Thermal Efficiency, 𝑒
𝑾𝑻
𝑾𝑵𝑬𝑻 𝒆𝑬 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒆𝑪 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑬𝒄
𝑸𝑨𝑻
SAMPLE PROBLEM:

In an Ideal reheat cycle with two stage of reheating, steam turbine receives 10 kg/s of steam generated at 12.0
MPa, 580°C. The reheater pressures are 5.0 MPa and 3.0 MPa, steam leaves each reheater at 480°C. Condensation
occurs at 0.02 MPa.
Determine:
a. Schematic and Ts diagram
b. Enthalpies, kJ/kg and each temperature of the steam entering the reheater, °C
c. Total heat added and rejected, kW
d. Turbine and Pump work, kW
e. Net work and Energy Chargeable, kW
f. Overall cycle thermal and engine efficiency, %
g. Cycle and Engine steam rate, kg/kW-hr

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

TS DIAGRAM:
At Point 1: 𝑃 = 12.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑇 = 580℃ At Point 5: 𝑃 = 3.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑇 = 480℃
Condition: Superheated Steam Condition: Superheated Steam

𝒌𝑱 𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟏 = 𝟑𝟓𝟓𝟕. 𝟓 𝒉𝟓 = 𝟑𝟒𝟏𝟏. 𝟓
𝒌𝒈 𝒌𝒈
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽
𝑠 = 6.7448 𝑠 = 7.1749
𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾 𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾

At Point 2: 𝑃 = 5.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑠 = 𝑠 = 6.7448 At Point 6:

Condition: Superheated Steam 𝑃 = 0.02 𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑠 = 𝑠 = 7.1749
Condition: Wet-mixture
By Interpolation:
Solving for quality using the given entropy, x:
s, h, T, °C
𝑠 −𝑠 7.1749 − 0.8320
6.7172 3244.4 420 𝑥= =
𝑠 7.0766
6.7448 ℎ 𝑇
6.7517 3268.5 430
𝑥 = 0.8963
𝒌𝑱
𝒉𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐𝟔𝟑. 𝟔𝟖 Solving for ℎ ;
𝒌𝒈
𝑻𝟐 = 𝟒𝟐𝟖℃ ℎ =ℎ + 𝑥ℎ
(𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑘𝐽
𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 𝒓𝒆𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓) ℎ = [251.40 + (0.8963)(2358.3)]
𝑘𝑔
𝒌𝑱
At Point 3: 𝑃 = 5.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑇 = 480℃ 𝒉𝟔 = 𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟓. 𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟑
Condition: Superheated Steam 𝒌𝒈

𝒌𝑱 At Point 7: 𝑃 = 0.02 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝒉𝟑 = 𝟑𝟑𝟖𝟕 Condition: Saturated Liquid
𝒌𝒈
𝑘𝐽
𝑠 = 6.9145 𝒌𝑱
𝑘𝑔 − 𝐾 𝒉𝟕 = 𝟐𝟓𝟏. 𝟒𝟎
𝒌𝒈
𝑚
At Point 4: 𝑃 = 3.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑠 = 𝑠 = 6.9145 𝜐 = 0.0010172
𝑘𝑔
Condition: Superheated Steam
At Point 8: 𝑃 = 12.0 𝑀𝑃𝑎; 𝑠 = 𝑠
By Interpolation: Condition:Compressed Liquid

s, h, T, °C Using Approximate pump work;

6.8870 3208.0 390
𝑊 = 𝜐 (𝑃 − 𝑃 )
6.9145 ℎ 𝑇
𝑚 𝑘𝑁
6.9212 3230.9 400 𝑊 = 0.0010172 (12000 − 20)
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝒌𝑱 𝑘𝐽
𝒉𝟒 = 𝟑𝟐𝟐𝟔. 𝟒𝟏𝟑𝟕 𝑊 = 12.1861
𝒌𝒈 𝑘𝑔
𝑻𝟒 = 𝟑𝟗𝟖. 𝟎𝟒𝟎𝟗℃ Solving for ℎ ;
(𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 ℎ =𝑊 +ℎ
𝑘𝐽
𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 𝒓𝒆𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓) ℎ = (12.1861 + 251.40)
𝑘𝑔
 𝒌𝑱 D. TURBINE AND PUMP WORK, kW
𝒉𝟖 = 𝟐𝟔𝟑. 𝟓𝟖𝟔𝟏
𝒌𝒈
Solving for Turbine work in kW;
C. TOTAL HEAT ADDED AND REJECTED, kW
𝑊 = 𝑚 (ℎ + ℎ + ℎ − ℎ − ℎ − ℎ )
Solving for Total heat Added, 𝑄 𝑘𝑔
𝑊 = 10 (3557.5 + 3387 + 3411.5 − 3263.68
𝑠
Since; 𝑘𝐽
− 3226.4137 − 2365.1443)
𝑘𝑔
𝑄 =𝑄 + 𝑄 𝒌𝑱
𝑾𝑻 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟕. 𝟔𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝒌𝑾
𝒔
For heat added in the boiler;
Solving for Work pump in kW;
𝑄
=ℎ −ℎ
𝑘𝐽 𝑘𝐽 𝑊 = 𝑚 [𝜐 (𝑃 − 𝑃 )]
𝑄 = 3557.5 − 263.5861
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑊 = 10 (12.1861 )
𝑠 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽 𝒌𝑱
𝑄 = 3293.9139 𝑾𝑷 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟖𝟔𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝒌𝑾
𝑘𝑔 𝒔

And for total heat added in the reheaters; E. NET WORK AND ENERGY CHARGEABLE, kW

𝑄 =𝑄 +𝑄 Solving for work net in kW;

𝑊 =𝑊 −𝑊
Then; 𝑊 = (15007.62 − 121.861)𝑘𝑊
𝑄 = (ℎ − ℎ ) + (ℎ − ℎ )
𝑄 = [( 3387 − 3263.68) + (3411.5 𝑾𝑵𝑬𝑻 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟖𝟓. 𝟕𝟓𝟗 𝒌𝑾
𝑘𝐽
− 3226.4137)] Solving for Energy Chargeable in kW;
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽
𝑄 = 308.4063 Since;
𝑘𝑔
𝐸𝑐 = 𝐸𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚
Solving for 𝑄 in kW;
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒
− 𝐸𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑝𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑
𝑛
𝑄 =𝑚 𝑄 + 𝑄 + 𝑄𝐴𝑅
1
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 𝐸𝑐 = 𝑚 (ℎ − ℎ ) + (ℎ3 − ℎ2 ) + (ℎ5 − ℎ4 )
𝑄 = 10 (3293.9139 + 308.4063)
𝑠 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝒌𝑱 𝐸𝑐 = 10 [(3557.5 − 251.40) + ( 3387 − 3263.68)
𝑠
𝑸𝑨𝑻 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟑. 𝟐𝟎𝟐 𝒐𝒓 𝒌𝑾 𝑘𝐽
𝒔 + (3411.5 − 3226.4137]
𝑘𝑔
Solving for heat rejected, 𝑄 in kW 𝒌𝑱
𝑬𝒄 = 𝟑𝟔𝟏𝟒𝟓. 𝟎𝟔𝟑 𝒐𝒓 𝒌𝑾
𝒔
𝑄 = 𝑚 (ℎ − ℎ )

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽
𝑄 = 10 (2365.1443 − 251.40)
𝑠 𝑘𝑔
𝒌𝑱
𝑸𝑹 = 𝟐𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟕. 𝟒𝟒𝟑 𝒐𝒓 𝒌𝑾
𝒔
F. OVERALL CYCLE THERMAL AND ENGINE
EFFICIENCY, %

Solving for 𝑒 ;

𝑊
𝑒 = × 100
𝑄

14885.759
𝑒 = × 100
36023.202

𝒆𝑪 = 𝟒𝟏. 𝟑𝟐𝟐𝟕%

Solving for 𝑒 ;

𝑊
𝑒 = × 100
𝐸𝑐

15007.62
𝑒 = × 100
36145.063

𝒆𝑬 = 𝟒𝟏. 𝟓𝟐𝟎𝟓%

G. CYCLE AND ENGINE STEAM RATE, kg/kW-hr

Solving for 𝓂 ;

3600
𝓂 =
𝑊
𝒌𝑱
As stated in the discussion, *𝑾𝑵𝑬𝑻 𝒎𝒖𝒔𝒕 𝒃𝒆 𝒊𝒏
𝒌𝒈

3600
𝓂 =
𝑘𝐽
1488.5759
𝑘𝑔

𝒌𝒈
𝓶𝑪 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟒
𝒌𝑾 − 𝒉𝒓

Solving for 𝓂 ;

3600
𝓂 =
𝑊

3600
𝓂 =
𝑘𝐽
1500.762
𝑘𝑔

𝒌𝒈
𝓶𝑪 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟗𝟖𝟖
𝒌𝑾 − 𝒉𝒓